Ubugome bw’inyamaswa n’ihohoterwa rikorerwa abana ni ibikorwa bibiri biteye ubwoba bikunze kujyana, bigasiga inzira y’imibabaro n’ihungabana bikurikiranye. Nubwo abantu benshi bazi ingaruka mbi ibyo byaha bigira ku bahohotewe, bake ni bo bamenya isano iri hagati yabo. Mu myaka yashize, hibanzwe cyane ku isano iri hagati y’ubugome bw’inyamaswa n’ihohoterwa rikorerwa abana, abashakashatsi n’inzobere bo mu nzego zinyuranye batanga urumuri kuri iki kibazo kitoroshye. Kuva ku mpanuka zisangiwe kugeza ku bimenyetso bishobora kuburira, isano iri hagati yibi bikorwa byubugizi bwa nabi iratangaje kandi ntishobora kwirengagizwa. Nkibyo, ni ngombwa gusuzuma iyi sano kugirango twumve neza kandi dukemure ibyo bikorwa bibi. Muri iki kiganiro, tuzasesengura ihuriro riri hagati yubugome bw’inyamaswa n’ihohoterwa rikorerwa abana, dusuzume ibintu bigira uruhare muri iyi sano n’ingaruka bigira kuri sosiyete yacu. Mugutanga umucyo kuriyi sano ikunze kwirengagizwa, turizera gukangurira no gukangurira abantu gukora isi itekanye kandi yuzuye impuhwe kubantu ninyamaswa.
Guhuza ubugome bwinyamaswa no guhohotera abana
Ubushakashatsi bwinshi nubushakashatsi byagaragaje isano iri hagati yubugome bwinyamaswa no guhohotera abana. Iri sano ryerekana akamaro ko kumenya uburyo buteye ubwoba no kubikemura bidatinze kurinda inyamaswa n’abana batishoboye. Mugucengera mubibazo byihuza, abanyamwuga mubyerekeranye na psychologiya, imibereho myiza yabaturage, hamwe nabashinzwe kubahiriza amategeko barashobora gusobanukirwa byimazeyo nimpamvu zifatika zigira uruhare muburyo bwo guhohoterwa. Kumenya no gusobanukirwa niyi sano birashobora kuganisha ku ngamba zifatika zo gukumira, gutabara hakiri kare, hamwe n’ibikorwa bikwiye ku bahohotewe. Byongeye kandi, ishimangira ko hakenewe ubufatanye n’ubufatanye hagati y’inzego n’imiryango itandukanye kugira ngo umutekano n’imibereho myiza y’inyamaswa ndetse n’abana mu baturage bacu.
Gusobanukirwa uruzinduko rwihohoterwa
Kugirango dusobanukirwe byimazeyo imbaraga zikomeye zubugome bwinyamaswa no guhohotera abana, ni ngombwa gusuzuma uruzinduko rwihohoterwa rukomeza iyo myitwarire mibi. Inzinguzingo yihohoterwa bivuga uburyo bwo gusubiramo imyitwarire mibi ishobora gukurikira ibisekuruza. Ubusanzwe bitangirana no kwerekana umwana ihohoterwa, yaba umutangabuhamya cyangwa uwahohotewe, risanzwe ryimyitwarire ikaze kandi igoreka imyumvire yabo yimibanire myiza. Mugihe abo bana bamaze gukura, barashobora kwibasirwa cyane no kwishora mubikorwa bibi, bikomeza ukwezi. Uru ruzinduko rushimangirwa n’ibintu nk’imibereho n’ibidukikije, kubura amashuri, no kubona ubushobozi buke bwo gutabara no gushyigikirwa. Gusobanukirwa n'iki cyiciro ni ngombwa mu gushyiraho ingamba zuzuye zo gukumira no gutabara zishobora guca ukubiri no kurinda abatishoboye kugira ibyago bibi.
Ingaruka zo guhamya ihohoterwa rikorerwa inyamaswa
Kubona ihohoterwa rikorerwa inyamaswa birashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye kubantu, cyane cyane abana, bahura nibikorwa nkibi byubugome. Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko guhura n’ihohoterwa ry’inyamaswa bishobora gutera ingaruka mbi zo mu mutwe no mu marangamutima, harimo no kwiyongera kw’amaganya, kwiheba, ndetse n’ihungabana nyuma y’ihungabana. Kubona ihohoterwa rikorerwa inyamaswa birashobora gutuma umuntu yumva adafite imbaraga, agahinda, nuburakari, kuko abantu bashobora guhatanira gusobanukirwa nubugome bwubugome bwibinyabuzima. Byongeye kandi, kwibonera ihohoterwa ry’inyamaswa birashobora gutuma abantu bahohoterwa kandi bigahindura imyitwarire ikaze, bikomeza ingaruka mbi. Ni ngombwa gukemura ingaruka ziterwa no guhohotera inyamaswa nkikintu gikomeye mu rwego rwagutse rwo gukumira ihohoterwa rikorerwa abana no guteza imbere umuryango w’impuhwe n’impuhwe. Mu kumenya isano iri hagati yubugizi bwa nabi bw’inyamaswa n’ihohoterwa rikorerwa abana, turashobora gukora ku ngamba zuzuye zirengera inyamaswa n’abana batishoboye, guca ukubiri n’ihohoterwa no kwimakaza umuco wo kwishyira mu mwanya no kubahana.
Kumenya ibimenyetso byo kuburira mubana
Mu rwego rwo gukumira no gukemura neza ihohoterwa rikorerwa abana, ni ngombwa gushobora kumenya ibimenyetso biburira ku bana bishobora kwerekana ko bakorerwa ihohoterwa cyangwa bafite ibyago. Mugihe buri mwana ashobora kwerekana ibimenyetso bitandukanye, hari ibimenyetso byinshi bisanzwe abanyamwuga nabarezi bagomba kumenya. Ibi bimenyetso byo kuburira birashobora kubamo ibikomere cyangwa ibikomere bidasobanutse, impinduka zitunguranye mumyitwarire cyangwa imyitwarire, kuva mubikorwa byimibereho, ingorane zo gutumbira, hamwe no gutinya gutaha cyangwa kuba hafi yabantu bamwe. Byongeye kandi, abana bahuye nubugome bwinyamaswa barashobora kwerekana ibimenyetso byihariye nkubugome ku nyamaswa ubwabo cyangwa guhangayikishwa cyane n’urugomo. Ni ngombwa ko abantu bakuru bakomeza kuba maso kandi bakitondera ibyo bimenyetso, kandi bagafata ingamba zikwiye batanga raporo ku nzego zibishinzwe cyangwa bagasaba inkunga inzego zishinzwe kurengera abana. Mugushaka kumenya no gukemura ibimenyetso byo kuburira mubana, turashobora kugira uruhare runini mukurinda imibereho yabo no kubungabunga ibidukikije kugirango bakure kandi bakure.
Ingaruka zo mu mutwe ku bahohotewe
ingaruka zo mumitekerereze kubakorewe ihohoterwa rikorerwa abana nubugome bwinyamaswa, dushobora kumva neza ingaruka zirambye izo mpanuka zishobora kugira kubantu. Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko ihohoterwa rikorerwa abana ndetse n’ubugome bw’inyamaswa bishobora gutera indwara zitandukanye zo mu mutwe, urugero nko guhungabana nyuma y’ihungabana (PTSD), kwiheba, guhangayika, no gutandukana. Abahohotewe barashobora kugira isoni, kwicira urubanza, no kwiyubaha gake, hamwe ningorane zo gushiraho no gukomeza umubano mwiza. Byongeye kandi, ibyo byababaje bishobora kugira uruhare mu iterambere ry’imikorere idahwitse, harimo no kwikomeretsa no kunywa ibiyobyabwenge. Ni ngombwa ko abanyamwuga mu bijyanye na psychologiya, imibereho myiza y'abaturage, ndetse no kubahiriza amategeko bamenya kandi bagakemura izo ngaruka zo mu mutwe, batanga ubufasha bukenewe ndetse n'inkunga ifasha abahohotewe gukira no kubaka ubuzima bwabo. Mugukemura itandukaniro riri hagati yubugome bwinyamaswa n’ihohoterwa rikorerwa abana, turashobora gushyiraho uburyo bwuzuye bwo gukumira no gutabara bishyira imbere imibereho myiza n’umutekano by’abana n’inyamaswa.
Ibisanzwe mubikorwa byabakoze
Mu rwego rwo gusobanukirwa isano iri hagati yubugizi bwa nabi bw’inyamaswa n’ihohoterwa rikorerwa abana, ni ngombwa gucukumbura ibisanzwe mu nkomoko yabakoze. Ubushakashatsi bwakomeje kwerekana ko abantu bishora muburyo bwihohoterwa bakunze kwerekana imiterere n'ibiranga. Kenshi na kenshi, abo bantu bafite amateka yihohoterwa cyangwa igitero, haba ku nyamaswa cyangwa abandi bantu. Byongeye kandi, bashobora kuba baragize ihungabana cyangwa bagirirwa nabi mu bwana, ibyo bikaba bishobora kugira uruhare mu gukomeza imyitwarire yubukazi. Kunywa ibiyobyabwenge nibibazo byubuzima bwo mu mutwe nabyo byiganje mubabigizemo uruhare, bikagaragaza cyane imiterere yabyo. Mu kumenya ibyo bahuriyemo, abanyamwuga mu nzego zinyuranye barashobora gukora ingamba zo gutabara hakiri kare ingamba zo gukumira no guca ukubiri n’ihohoterwa no gutanga inkunga ikenewe ku bantu bahohotewe n’abantu.
Akamaro ko kumenyekanisha amakenga
Ni ngombwa gushimangira akamaro ko kumenyekanisha amakenga mugihe cyubugome bwinyamaswa no guhohotera abana. Kumenyekanisha amakenga ntibifasha gusa kurinda abahohotewe bahita babigiramo uruhare, ahubwo binagira uruhare runini mukurinda izindi ngaruka no kurokora ubuzima. Mu kumenyesha abayobozi babikekwa, nka serivisi zishinzwe kurengera abana cyangwa imiryango ishinzwe imibereho myiza y’inyamaswa, abanyamwuga barashobora gutangiza iperereza n’ibikorwa bishobora gutahura aho bihishe ihohoterwa kandi bigatanga inkunga ikenewe ku babigizemo uruhare. Byongeye kandi, kumenyekanisha amakenga birashobora gufasha kumenya imiterere n'ibigezweho, bigatuma habaho gusobanukirwa neza isano iri hagati yubugizi bwa nabi bw’inyamaswa n’ihohoterwa rikorerwa abana no kumenyesha ingamba zo gukumira. Buri muntu ku giti cye afite inshingano zo kuvuga niba akeka ko yahohotewe, kuko ibikorwa byabo bishobora kugira uruhare runini mu kurengera imibereho y’inyamaswa ndetse n’abana.
Ingaruka zemewe n’abakoresha inyamaswa
Ingaruka zemewe n’amategeko ku bantu bishora mu bikorwa byo guhohotera inyamaswa zigamije kubabuza gukumira no kubazwa ibyo bakoze. Mu nkiko nyinshi, ubugome bw’inyamaswa bufatwa nkicyaha, gihanishwa ihazabu, igifungo, cyangwa byombi. Uburemere bw'igihano burashobora gutandukana bitewe n'imiterere n'ihohoterwa rikorerwa, kimwe n'ibihano byakatiwe mbere. Byongeye kandi, abahamwe n'icyaha cyo guhohotera inyamaswa barashobora guhura n’izindi ngaruka zemewe n'amategeko, nko kubuzwa gutunga cyangwa gukorana n’inyamaswa mu gihe kizaza. Izi ngaruka zemewe n'amategeko zitanga ubutumwa busobanutse neza ko societe itihanganira ihohoterwa nubugome bikorerwa inyamaswa, kandi bikaba inzira yo kurengera imibereho yinyamaswa no guteza imbere umuryango wimpuhwe kandi ufite inshingano.
Ibikoresho byabahohotewe n'ababunganira
Mu rwego rwo gutanga inkunga ku bahohotewe n’inyamaswa n’ihohoterwa rikorerwa abana, ndetse n’abunganira bakora muri uru rwego, ibikoresho byinshi birahari kugira ngo bitange ubuyobozi n’ubufasha. Amashyirahamwe nkibigo byita ku mibereho y’inyamaswa, serivisi zirengera abana, n’imiryango idaharanira inyungu igamije kurwanya ihohoterwa itanga serivisi zitandukanye. Izi serivisi zishobora kubamo gutabara ibibazo, ubujyanama, ubufasha mu by'amategeko, no kohereza ku bindi bikoresho bijyanye. Byongeye kandi, urubuga rwa interineti na telefone birahari kubantu bashaka amakuru, inkunga y'amarangamutima, cyangwa ubuyobozi ku gutanga amakuru ku ihohoterwa. Ni ngombwa ko abahohotewe n'ababunganira bamenya kandi bagakoresha ubwo buryo kugira ngo umutekano n'imibereho myiza y’inyamaswa ndetse n’abana, ari nako biteza imbere ubukangurambaga no gukumira ibikorwa nkibi by’ubugome muri sosiyete yacu.
Kurenga inzinguzingo binyuze mu burezi
Uburezi bufite uruhare runini mu guca ukubiri n’ubugome bw’inyamaswa no guhohotera abana. Muguha abantu ubumenyi nubukangurambaga kubyerekeye isano iri hagati yihohoterwa, turashobora kubaha imbaraga zo kumenya ibimenyetso, gutabara, no gushaka ubufasha. Gahunda zuburezi zirashobora gushyirwa mubikorwa mumashuri, ibigo byabaturage, hamwe nizindi nzego zijyanye no kwigisha abana nabakuze kubyerekeye impuhwe, impuhwe, no kwita ku nyamaswa. Binyuze mu nteganyanyigisho zijyanye n'imyaka, amahugurwa, n'ibikorwa byungurana ibitekerezo, abantu barashobora gutahura neza akamaro ko gufata inyamaswa ineza no kubahana, bityo bakiteza imbere umuco wo kutagira ihohoterwa. Byongeye kandi, kwigisha kubyerekeye isano iri hagati yubugome bwinyamaswa n’ihohoterwa rikorerwa abana birashobora gufasha abantu bakuru kumenya ibimenyetso bishobora kuburira ihohoterwa no gufata ingamba zikwiye zo kurinda inyamaswa n’abana. Mugushora imari muburezi, turashobora guha societe ibikoresho bikenewe kugirango ducike uruzinduko kandi tureme isi itekanye, yuzuye impuhwe kuri bose.
Mu gusoza, isano iri hagati yubugome bwinyamaswa no guhohotera abana nikibazo gikomeye gisaba kwitabwaho no gukora. Mu kumenya no gukemura isano iri hagati yibi bikorwa byubugizi bwa nabi, dushobora gukora tugana ku muryango utekanye kandi wuje impuhwe ku nyamaswa ndetse n’abana. Ni ngombwa ko abantu n’imiryango bigisha ubwabo n’abandi ku bimenyetso n'ingaruka z’ubugome bw’inyamaswa no guhohotera abana, no gushyigikira no kunganira amategeko na politiki arengera iyo mitwe yombi. Twese hamwe, turashobora guhindura impinduka nziza mubuzima bwinzirakarengane no kurema isi nziza kubisekuruza bizaza.
Ibibazo
Ni ubuhe bushakashatsi bwakozwe kugira ngo hamenyekane isano iri hagati y'ubugome bw'inyamaswa no guhohotera abana?
Hakozwe ubushakashatsi bwinshi kugirango harebwe isano iri hagati yubugome bwinyamaswa no guhohotera abana. Ubu bushakashatsi bwerekana ko hari isano rikomeye hagati yabo bombi, aho usanga ibibazo byinshi byo guhohotera abana bibanzirizwa no guhohotera inyamaswa. Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko abantu bishora mu bugome bw’inyamaswa bakunze kugaragariza abantu urugomo n’ubugizi bwa nabi, harimo n’abana. Byongeye kandi, guhamya cyangwa guhura n’ihohoterwa ry’inyamaswa birashobora kugira ingaruka mbi kumibereho yumutima no mumitekerereze. Gusobanukirwa iyi sano ni ngombwa mu kumenya no gukumira ubugome bw’inyamaswa ndetse n’ihohoterwa rikorerwa abana, ndetse no gutanga ubufasha bukwiye n’inkunga ku bahohotewe.
Nigute guhamya cyangwa kugira uruhare mubugome bwinyamaswa mugihe cyubwana bigira ingaruka kumuntu ku giti cye cyo kwishora mubi nyuma yubuzima?
Guhamya cyangwa kugira uruhare mu bugome bw’inyamaswa mu bwana bishobora kugira ingaruka mbi ku muntu ku giti cye cyo kwishora mu bana nyuma yubuzima. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko hari isano hagati yabo bombi, kubera ko abantu bagaragaza ubugome ku nyamaswa bashobora kugira impuhwe no kutabona ihohoterwa. Icyakora, ni ngombwa kumenya ko abantu bose bahamya cyangwa bagize uruhare mu bugizi bwa nabi bw’inyamaswa batazakomeza kwishora mu bikorwa byo guhohotera abana, kuko ibintu byinshi bigira uruhare muri iyi myitwarire. Kwitabira hakiri kare, uburezi, no guteza imbere impuhwe n'impuhwe birashobora gufasha kugabanya ingaruka.
Haba hari ibimenyetso byihariye byo kuburira cyangwa imyitwarire yerekanwa nabana bahuye nubugome bwinyamaswa zishobora kwerekana ibyago byinshi byo kwishora mu ihohoterwa rikorerwa abana?
Nibyo, hari ibimenyetso byihariye byo kuburira hamwe nimyitwarire igaragazwa nabana bahuye nubugome bwinyamaswa zishobora kwerekana ibyago byinshi byo kwishora mu ihohoterwa rikorerwa abana. Ibi bimenyetso byo kuburira birashobora kubamo kutagira impuhwe cyangwa guhangayikishwa n’imibereho y’inyamaswa, gushaka gukoresha ihohoterwa cyangwa kwibasira inyamaswa cyangwa abandi bantu, no gushimishwa cyangwa kwishimira kureba cyangwa kugira uruhare mu bikorwa byo kugirira nabi inyamaswa. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko iyi myitwarire yonyine idashobora kwemeza ko umwana azagira uruhare mu ihohoterwa rikorerwa abana, ariko birashobora kwerekana ko hakenewe gutabarwa no gushyigikirwa kugirango hirindwe izindi ngaruka.
Ni izihe mpamvu zishobora guterwa cyangwa uburyo bwo mu mutwe bugira uruhare mu guhuza ubugome bw’inyamaswa no guhohotera abana?
Hariho ibintu byinshi bishobora gushingirwaho hamwe nuburyo bwimitekerereze bigira uruhare mubikorwa byubugome bwinyamaswa no guhohotera abana. Ikintu kimwe gishoboka ni igitekerezo cyo kwamburwa uburenganzira, aho abantu bishora mu bugizi bwa nabi bw’inyamaswa bashobora guhinduka nk’ihohoterwa kandi bakaba bashobora kwishora mu bundi buryo bwo kwibasira, harimo no guhohotera abana. Ikindi kintu ni uruzinduko rwihohoterwa, aho abana bahamya cyangwa bishora mubikorwa byubugome bwinyamaswa bashobora gukomeza urugomo mubuzima bwabo. Byongeye kandi, ubushakashatsi bumwe bwerekana ko hashobora kubaho ibintu bishobora guhura n’ingaruka, nkamateka y’ihungabana cyangwa kutita ku bintu, bigira uruhare mu bugizi bwa nabi bw’inyamaswa ndetse no guhohotera abana. Muri rusange, ubushakashatsi burakenewe kugirango twumve neza ayo masano akomeye.
Nigute societe ninzobere mubijyanye n’imibereho y’inyamaswa no kurengera abana bafatanya gukumira ubugome bw’inyamaswa ndetse n’ihohoterwa rikorerwa abana?
Sosiyete ninzobere mubikorwa byimibereho yinyamaswa no kurengera abana barashobora gukorera hamwe mugusangira amakuru, umutungo, nibikorwa byiza. Bashobora gufatanya muri gahunda zuburezi ziteza imbere isano iri hagati yubugizi bwa nabi bw’inyamaswa n’ihohoterwa rikorerwa abana, ndetse n’akamaro k’impuhwe n’impuhwe ku nyamaswa ndetse n’abana. Mugushira mubikorwa protocole-protocole, abanyamwuga barashobora kwemeza ko gukekwaho ubugome bwinyamaswa cyangwa ihohoterwa rikorerwa abana byatangajwe vuba kandi bigakorwaho iperereza. Byongeye kandi, kwinjiza porogaramu zifasha inyamaswa muri serivisi zo kurinda abana birashobora gutanga inyungu zo kuvura haba ku bana ndetse n’inyamaswa, bikarushaho gushimangira isano iri hagati yimirima yombi.