Amagi yo gutera amagi: Kubabaza Kubaho Amabati ya Hens

Murubuga rukomeye rwa sisitemu yo gutanga ibiryo, ikintu kimwe gikunze kwirengagizwa ni kuvura inyamaswa zirimo. Muri ibyo, ibibazo by'inkoko bigarukira mu kato ka batiri birababaje cyane. Utuzu twerekana ukuri gutangaje k'umusaruro w'amagi mu nganda, aho inyungu zunguka akenshi zitwikira imibereho y'ibiremwa bibyara inyungu. Iyi nyandiko yibanze ku mibabaro ikomeye yatewe ninkoko ziri mu kato ka batiri, yerekana impungenge zishingiye ku myitwarire ndetse n’ibikenewe byihutirwa mu nganda z’inkoko.

Akazu ka Batiri: Gereza yububabare

Akazu ka bateri ni uruzitiro rwinsinga zikoreshwa mugukora amagi yinganda kugirango zifungire inkoko zitera amagi, bakunze kwita inkoko ziteye, mubuhinzi bwuruganda. Utuzu dukora nk'ahantu hambere ho gutura inkoko mubuzima bwabo bwose, uhereye igihe amagi yatangiriye kugeza igihe bazicirwa inyama. Igipimo cyo gukora mu murima umwe utanga amagi kirashobora kuba igitangaza, hamwe n’inkoko ibihumbi n’ibihumbi zifungirwa mu kato ka batiri icyarimwe.

Igisobanuro kiranga akazu ka batiri ni ukugara kwabo gukabije. Mubisanzwe, buri kato kibamo inkoko zigera kuri 4 kugeza kuri 5, zitanga buri nyoni umwanya muto. Umwanya wagabanijwe ku nkoko akenshi usanga ari muto cyane, ugereranije kuri santimetero kare 67 kuri buri nyoni. Kugirango ubishyire mubitekerezo, ibi ntibiri munsi yubuso bwurupapuro rusanzwe 8.5 kuri 11-yimpapuro. Ibihe nkibi bigabanya cyane ingendo nimyitwarire yinkoko. Ntibafite icyumba gihagije cyo kurambura amababa, kwagura amajosi, cyangwa kwishora mu myitwarire isanzwe yinkoko nko kugenda cyangwa kuguruka, ubusanzwe babikora aho batuye.

Gufungirwa mu kato ka batiri bitera umubabaro mwinshi ku mubiri no mu mutwe. Mu buryo bw'umubiri, kubura umwanya bigira uruhare mubibazo bitandukanye byubuzima, harimo n'indwara ya skeletale nka osteoporose, kubera ko inkoko zidashobora kwishora mubikorwa byo gutwara ibiro cyangwa kugenda mu bwisanzure. Ikigeretse kuri ibyo, insinga zometse ku kato akenshi zitera gukomeretsa ibirenge no gukomeretsa, bikababangamira. Mubitekerezo, kwamburwa umwanya no kubura ibidukikije bikabuza inkoko amahirwe yimyitwarire karemano, biganisha ku guhangayika, kurambirwa, no guteza imbere imyitwarire idasanzwe nko guhonda amababa no kurya abantu.

Muri rusange, amakarito ya batiri yerekana ibintu bifatika by’umusaruro w’amagi mu nganda, ushyira imbere umusaruro mwinshi w’amagi n’inyungu kuruta imibereho myiza y’inkoko. Gukomeza gukoresha amakarito ya batiri bitera impungenge zikomeye zijyanye n’imibereho y’inyamaswa kandi bishimangira ko hakenewe ivugururwa mu nganda z’inkoko. Ubundi buryo nka sisitemu yubusa kandi sisitemu yubuntu itanga ubundi buryo bwikiremwamuntu bushyira imbere imibereho yinkoko mugihe bikeneye abaguzi bakeneye amagi. Ubwanyuma, gukemura ibibazo bikikije akazu ka batiri bisaba imbaraga zihuriweho nabaguzi, ababikora, nabafata ibyemezo kugirango bahindure inzira yimyitwarire myiza kandi irambye mugukora amagi.

Nibisanzwe Bangahe?

Ikibari cya batiri birababaje cyane cyane muruganda rukora amagi, hamwe nigice kinini cyinkoko zo mu bwoko bwazo zikorerwa muri ubwo buzima. Dukurikije imibare yatanzwe n’ishami ry’ubuhinzi muri Amerika (USDA), hafi 74% y’inkoko zose zo muri Amerika zifungirwa mu kato. Iyi mibare isobanura inkoko zitangaje miliyoni 243 zihanganira ibyo bidukikije kandi bigabanya igihe icyo ari cyo cyose mugihe runaka.

Ikoreshwa ryinshi rya kasho ya batiri irashimangira igipimo cy’umusaruro w’amagi y’inganda muri Amerika no gushyira imbere imikorere n’inyungu kuruta imibereho y’inyamaswa. Nubwo abantu bagenda bamenya impungenge zijyanye n’imyitwarire ya batiri ndetse no kongera abaguzi ku buryo bwo gutanga amagi y’ikiremwamuntu, ubwinshi bw’izi nganda buracyakomeza mu nganda.

Impamvu Utuzu twa Batteri ari mubi Kurenza uko Buzuye

Amabati ya bateri ashyiraho ingaruka mbi nyinshi kumibereho yinkoko zitera amagi birenze ibintu byuzuye. Dore bimwe mubibazo byingenzi bifitanye isano na bage ya batiri:

1. Guhata ku gahato n'inzara: Kugira ngo umusaruro w’amagi urusheho kwiyongera, inkoko ziri mu kato ka batiri akenshi zishongeshwa ku gahato, imyitozo aho babura ibiryo iminsi myinshi kugira ngo bateze kandi bashishikarize gutera amagi mashya. Ubu buryo burahangayitse cyane kandi bushobora gutera imirire mibi, intege nke z'umubiri, ndetse no kwandura indwara.
2. Gukoresha Umucyo: Umusaruro w'amagi mu nkoko uterwa n'igihe n'uburemere bw'urumuri. Muri sisitemu ya cage ya batiri, itara ryubukorikori rikoreshwa muburyo bwo kwagura inkoko kurenza ubushobozi bwazo, bigatuma imihangayiko yiyongera ndetse numubiri wumubiri winyoni.
3. Osteoporose na Cage Layer Umunaniro: Ibihe bigufi byamazu ya batiri bigabanya kugenda kwinkoko, bikababuza kwishora mubikorwa byo kwikorera ibiro byingenzi mubuzima bwamagufwa. Kubera iyo mpamvu, inkoko zikunze kurwara osteoporose hamwe numunaniro wa cage layer, imiterere irangwa namagufa yoroheje hamwe nintege nke zimitsi.
4. Ibibazo by'ibirenge: Igorofa yo hasi ya kasho ya batiri irashobora gukomeretsa ibirenge bikabije no gukuramo inkoko, bigatera kubura amahwemo, kubabara, no kugora kugenda. Byongeye kandi, kwirundanya imyanda na ammonia mu kato birashobora kugira uruhare mu mikurire y’indwara zibabaza ibirenge.
5. Imyitwarire ikaze: Umwanya ufungiwemo utuzu twa batiri wongera amakimbirane mu mibereho hagati yinkoko, bigatuma igitero cyiyongera n’imyitwarire y’akarere. Hens irashobora kwishora mu guhonda amababa, kurya abantu, nubundi buryo bwo kwibasirwa, bikaviramo gukomeretsa no guhangayikishwa ninyoni.
6. Debeaking: Kugirango bagabanye ingaruka mbi ziterwa nubugizi bwa nabi no kurya abantu muri sisitemu ya cage ya bateri, inkoko zikunze gukorerwa debeaking, inzira ibabaza aho hakuweho igice cyiminwa yabo. Kwiyanga ntibitera gusa ububabare bukabije nububabare ahubwo binabuza ubushobozi bwinyoni kwishora mubikorwa bisanzwe nko kubanza no kurisha.

Muri rusange, amakarito ya batiri yinkoko yibibazo byinshi byumubiri na psychologiya, bikabangamira imibereho yabo nubuzima bwiza. Ibi bibazo byerekana ko byihutirwa hakenewe ubundi buryo bwa kimuntu kandi burambye mugukora amagi ashyira imbere imibereho myiza yinyamaswa zirimo.

Nibihe bihugu byahagaritse amakarito ya batiri?

Nkurikije ivugurura ryanjye rya nyuma muri Mutarama 2022, ibihugu byinshi byafashe ingamba zikomeye zo gukemura ibibazo by’imibereho ijyanye n’ingobyi ya batiri mu gushyira mu bikorwa ibihano cyangwa kubuza gukoresha umusaruro w’amagi. Dore bimwe mubihugu byabujije bage bateri burundu:

1. Ubusuwisi: Ubusuwisi bwabujije amakarito ya batiri yo gutera inkoko mu 1992 mu rwego rw’amategeko agenga imibereho y’inyamaswa.
2. Suwede: Suwede yakuyeho akazu ka batiri yo gutera inkoko mu 1999 kandi kuva icyo gihe yimukiye mu bundi buryo bwo guturamo bushyira imbere imibereho myiza y’inyamaswa.
3. Otirishiya: Otirishiya yabujije akazu ka batiri kubera gutera inkoko mu 2009, ibuza kubaka ibikoresho bishya bya batiri no gutegeka guhindura ubundi buryo.
4. Ubudage: Ubudage bwashyize mu bikorwa itegeko ryabuzaga amakarito ya batiri yo gutera inkoko mu mwaka wa 2010, hamwe n’igihe cy’inzibacyuho kugira ngo ibikoresho bihari bikoreshe ubundi buryo bwo guturamo.
5. Noruveje: Noruveje yabujije amakarito ya batiri yo gutera inkoko mu 2002, itegeka gukoresha ubundi buryo nk'ububiko cyangwa amazu yubusa.
6. Ubuhinde: Ubuhinde bwatangaje ko bwahagaritse akazu ka batiri ku nkoko zitera amagi mu 2017, hakaba hateganijwe gahunda yo gushyira mu bikorwa icyiciro cyo kwimukira muri sisitemu idafite akazu.
7. Bhutani: Bhutani yabujije amakarito ya batiri yo gutera inkoko, yerekana ubushake bwayo mu mibereho y’inyamaswa ndetse n’ubuhinzi burambye.

Ibikorwa by’ibi bihugu byerekana ko abantu bagenda barushaho kumenya ibibazo bijyanye n’imyitwarire ya batiri ndetse no kwiyemeza guteza imbere ibikorwa by’ikiremwamuntu kandi birambye mu gutanga amagi. Ariko, ni ngombwa kumenya ko amabwiriza nogukurikiza bishobora gutandukana, kandi ibihugu bimwe bishobora kugira ibisabwa byongeweho cyangwa ibipimo byubundi buryo bwimiturire.

Kwishyurwa kumubiri no mubitekerezo

Umubare wumubare wibikoresho bya batiri ugaragara mubibazo byinshi byubuzima inkoko zihura nazo. Bitewe n'ahantu hafunganye, inkoko zikunze kurwara indwara zifata amagufwa, nka osteoporose, kuko zidashobora kugenda mu bwisanzure cyangwa kwishora mu bikorwa byo kwikorera ibiro. Gutakaza amababa, gukuramo uruhu, no gukomeretsa ibirenge nabyo birasanzwe, bikabije kubera insinga zo hasi. Byongeye kandi, kutagira imbaraga zo mu mutwe n’imikoranire myiza biganisha ku bibazo byimyitwarire nko guhonda amababa no kurya abantu, bikabangamira imibereho y’inyoni.

Imyitwarire myiza

Gukoresha akazu ka batiri bitera impungenge zikomeye zijyanye n'imibereho yinyamaswa ninshingano zabantu. Mugukurikiza inkoko mubihe nkibi byubumuntu, tuba duhemukiye inshingano zacu zo gufata inyamaswa impuhwe n'icyubahiro. Ubugome busanzwe bwo gufunga ibiremwa bifite imyumvire mu kato kagufi hagamijwe inyungu bivuguruza amahame shingiro yubupfura no kwishyira mu mwanya w'abandi. Byongeye kandi, ingaruka z’ibidukikije ku musaruro w’amagi y’inganda, harimo umwanda no kugabanuka kw’umutungo, bishimangira ko hakenewe imyitozo irambye kandi y’imyitwarire.

Icyo ushobora gukora kugirango ufashe

Inganda z’ubuhinzi bw’inyamanswa zikunze gushyira imbere inyungu kuruta kwita ku mibereho y’inyamaswa. Ariko, ibigo bisubiza ibyifuzo byabaguzi, bituma biba ngombwa gutora hamwe numufuka wawe. Niba bishoboka, tekereza kurandura burundu amagi yawe.
Kubaho kwinkoko ziri mu kato ka batiri biratwibutsa cyane imyitwarire igoye muri sisitemu y'ibiryo. Nkabaguzi, dukoresha imbaraga zitari nke mugushiraho ejo hazaza h’ubuhinzi bw’inyamaswa binyuze mu byemezo byacu byo kugura no guharanira ubuvugizi. Mugusaba gukorera mu mucyo kurushaho gukorera mu mucyo, kubazwa, n'impuhwe, dushobora gutanga inzira igana ahazaza h’ubumuntu kandi burambye aho inyamaswa zidafatwa nkibicuruzwa gusa, ahubwo nkibinyabuzima bifite imyumvire ikwiye icyubahiro no kubahwa. Icyo gihe ni bwo dushobora rwose kugabanya amagi yo gutera amagi yinkoko no kubaka isi yimpuhwe kuri bose.