Ubuhinzi bw’inyamaswa n’ibidukikije: Ibiciro byihishe by’inyama, amata, n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe

Tekereza ifunguro ryiza ryashyizwe imbere yawe, rikurura impumuro nziza yuzuye umwuka. Mugihe uri kurya, wigeze wibaza urugendo ibyo bicuruzwa byinyamanswa biryoshye byafashe mbere yuko bigwa ku isahani yawe? Kuva mubuhinzi bwa idiliki kugeza kubagiro buzuye, inkuru y'ibiryo byacu ntabwo iri byoroshye. Uyu munsi, turatangira ubushakashatsi bwimbitse ku ngaruka z’ibidukikije ku bicuruzwa bikomoka ku nyamaswa, kuva mu murima kugeza ku cyatsi.

Gusobanukirwa n'ingaruka ku bidukikije mu buhinzi bw'amatungo

Gusesengura ibyuka bihumanya ikirere

Ubuhinzi bw’inyamaswa bugira uruhare runini mu kwangiza ikirere ku isi , bigira uruhare runini mu ihindagurika ry’ikirere. Ibyo byuka biza mu buryo bwa karuboni (CO2) na metani (CH4), byombi bigira ingaruka zikomeye zo gushyuha. Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku biribwa n'ubuhinzi rivuga ko mu by'ukuri, umusaruro w'amatungo ugera kuri 14.5% by'ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ku isi.

Ariko ntabwo ari ibyuka bihumanya ikirere gusa. Kwagura ubworozi bwanagize uruhare mu gutema amashyamba no guhindura imikoreshereze y'ubutaka. Kurandura amashyamba yo kurisha ubutaka no gutanga ibiryo by'amatungo ntibitera kwangirika gusa ahubwo binarekura umwuka wa karuboni wabitswe mu kirere.

Ibikorwa byo guhinga mu nganda, nkibikorwa byo kugaburira amatungo (CAFOs) cyangwa imirima yinganda, byongera ibyo bibazo by’ibidukikije. Ubworozi bukomeye no korora amatungo muri ubu buryo bisaba umutungo utubutse, bikarushaho kwiyongera ku ngaruka ku bidukikije.

Gusuzuma ikoreshwa ry'amazi n'umwanda

Ubuhinzi bwinyamaswa nigikorwa cyinyota. Umusaruro w'ibiryo by'amatungo, amazi yo kunywa amatungo, hamwe no gucunga imyanda bigira uruhare runini mu gukoresha amazi. Kugira ngo tubyerekane neza, byagereranijwe ko gutanga ikiro kimwe cy'inka bisaba hafi litiro 1.800 (hafi litiro 6.814) y'amazi, ugereranije na litiro 39 gusa (litiro 147) ku kilo kimwe cy'imboga.

Usibye gukoresha amazi, ubuhinzi bwinyamanswa nisoko yanduza amazi. Ifumbire mvaruganda ivuye mubikorwa byubworozi irashobora kwanduza amasoko y'amazi meza, bigatuma habaho kurekura intungamubiri zirenze urugero nka azote na fosifore. Uyu mwanda utera imikurire y’indabyo zangiza, zishobora guhungabanya ubuzima bw’amazi no guhungabanya ubwiza bw’amazi ku bantu no ku nyamaswa.

Ingaruka zo gucunga imyanda

Gucunga imyanda idahagije ni ikibazo gikomeye mu nganda z’ubuhinzi bw’amatungo. Kwirundanya cyane imyanda y’amatungo birashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku bidukikije. Intungamubiri ziva mu ifumbire zishobora kwinjira mu mazi, biganisha kuri eutrophasique ndetse no kugabanuka kwa ogisijeni. Ibi na byo, byangiza urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima byo mu mazi kandi bikangiza ubwiza bw’amazi.

Byongeye kandi, irekurwa rya metani mu kubora ibinyabuzima mu ifumbire bigira uruhare mu myuka ihumanya ikirere, byongera imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Biragaragara ko uburyo bunoze kandi burambye bwo gucunga imyanda ari ngombwa mu kugabanya izo ngaruka ku bidukikije.

Gucukumbura ubundi buryo burambye no guhanga udushya

Igishimishije, ibisubizo bishya bigenda bigaragara kugirango duhangane n’ibibazo byo gucunga imyanda. Ikoranabuhanga nka anaerobic digester irashobora gufata neza biogaz mumyanda yinka hanyuma ikayihindura ingufu zikoreshwa. Sisitemu yo gufumbira kandi itanga uburyo bwangiza ibidukikije bwo gutunganya ifumbire mvaruganda, itanga ifumbire mvaruganda ikungahaye ku ntungamubiri mu gihe hagabanywa ingaruka z’umwanda.

Mugukoresha ubundi buryo burambye no gushishikariza kubishyira mubikorwa murwego rwubuhinzi, turashobora kugabanya cyane ingaruka z’ibidukikije by’imyanda y’amatungo, mu gihe tunakoresha ingufu zisukuye mu zindi ntego.

Gukoresha Ubutaka no Kurimbura Imiturire

Gusaba ubutaka kugira ngo umusaruro w’amatungo byongereye amashyamba ku rugero runini. Amashyamba arasukurwa kugirango habe umwanya wo kurisha no guhinga imyaka yo kugaburira amatungo. Iri shyamba rikabije ntirisenya gusa urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima kandi ryangiza urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima ahubwo runarekura imyuka myinshi ya dioxyde de carbone yabitswe, igira uruhare mu ihindagurika ry’ikirere.

Kumenya iyi nzira iteye ubwoba, uburyo bwo guhinga burambye hamwe nuburyo bwo gucunga ubutaka buragenda bwiyongera. Ubuhinzi bushya, urugero, bushimangira akamaro ko kugarura imiterere yangiritse binyuze mubikorwa biteza imbere ubuzima bwubutaka no gukwirakwiza karubone. Mugukoresha ubwo buryo, ntidushobora kugabanya ingaruka z’ibidukikije mu buhinzi bw’inyamaswa gusa ahubwo tunubaka gahunda y’ibiribwa irambye ku gisekuru kizaza.

Kugaragaza uburyo bwo guhinga burambye hamwe nuburyo bwo gucunga ubutaka

Kwimukira mubikorwa byubuhinzi birambye nibyingenzi mukugabanya ingaruka z’ibidukikije ku buhinzi bw’inyamaswa. Mugukurikiza uburyo bwo kurisha kuzunguruka no guhinga amashyamba, abahinzi barashobora kuzamura ubuzima bwubutaka kandi bikagabanya ifumbire mvaruganda nudukoko twangiza. Ubu buhanga ntibusubiza gusa ahantu nyaburanga gusa ahubwo binazamura urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima, bigatuma habaho uburinganire bwiza hagati y'ubuhinzi na kamere.

Ingaruka ku Imihindagurikire y’ibihe no kugabanuka kw'ibikoresho

Imihindagurikire y’ibihe ni imwe mu mbogamizi zikomeye duhura nazo, kandi ubuhinzi bw’inyamaswa bugira uruhare runini mu gukaza iki kibazo ku isi. Umusaruro w’ibikomoka ku nyamaswa, cyane cyane inyama n’amata, ugira uruhare runini mu byuka bihumanya ikirere. Umubare munini wibikoresho, birimo ubutaka, amazi, ningufu, bisabwa mu korora amatungo nabyo bigira uruhare mu kugabanuka kw umutungo no kwangiza ibidukikije.

Byongeye kandi, ubuhinzi bw’amatungo bwiganje bugaragaza ikibazo cy’umutekano w’ibiribwa. Mugihe abatuye isi bakomeje kwiyongera, imikorere mibi yimirire ishingiye ku nyamaswa iragaragara. Kwimura muburyo burambye kandi bushingiye kubihingwa birashobora gufasha kugabanya iyo mikazo mugihe uteza imbere indyo yuzuye kubantu ndetse nisi.

Gutezimbere ubundi buryo bwo guhitamo ibiryo hamwe nimirire yuzuye

Guhitamo indyo ishingiye ku bimera ni bumwe mu buryo bukomeye abantu bashobora kugabanya ibirenge byabo bya karubone kandi bikagira uruhare mu gihe kizaza kirambye. Mugushyiramo imbuto nyinshi, imboga, ibinyamisogwe, nintete zose mubiryo byacu, ntidushobora kugabanya gusa imitwaro yibidukikije ahubwo tunatezimbere ubuzima bwacu. Gushyigikira ibikorwa by’ubuhinzi byita ku bidukikije kandi byangiza ibidukikije nabyo ni ngombwa mu gushishikariza kwimuka muri gahunda y’ibiribwa birambye.

Umwanzuro

Urugendo ruva mu murima rugana ku ruganda rutwara ingaruka zikomeye ku bidukikije. Umusaruro wibikomoka ku nyamaswa bisaba umutungo mwinshi, ugira uruhare mu myuka ihumanya ikirere, kwangiza urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima, no gutakaza umutungo w’ingenzi. Biragaragara ko guhindura gahunda y'ibiribwa kuri gahunda irambye kandi iringaniye byihutirwa.

Nkabaguzi babizi, reka ntidusuzugure imbaraga dufite. Muguhitamo neza, guhitamo ubundi buryo bushingiye ku bimera, no gushyigikira ibikorwa byubuhinzi bwimyitwarire, turashobora guhuriza hamwe kugabanya ingaruka z’ibidukikije ku buhinzi bw’inyamanswa kandi tukareba ejo hazaza heza, heza mu bihe bizaza.