Mu myaka yashize, habaye isi igenda yiyongera ku kugabanya kurya inyama, bitewe n’impungenge z’ibidukikije, imibereho y’inyamaswa, n’ubuzima bwite. Nubwo igitekerezo cyo kugabanya inyama gishobora gusa nkigiteye ubwoba kuri bamwe, inyungu zubukungu zishobora guhinduka nkiyi ntishobora kwirengagizwa. Mugihe icyifuzo cyinyama gikomeje kwiyongera, niko n'ingaruka zacyo kuri iyi si no mubukungu. Muri iki kiganiro, tuzasuzuma ingaruka zubukungu zo kugabanya kurya inyama nimpamvu bidakenewe gusa kugirango isi yacu irambe gusa ahubwo birashoboka na societe yabantu. Kuva amafaranga yo kuzigama kubuvuzi kugeza kubushobozi bwo guhanga imirimo, tuzasuzuma inyungu nimbogamizi zo kwimukira mumirire ishingiye ku bimera. Mugusobanukirwa ningaruka zubukungu zo kugabanya inyama zinyama, turashobora gusuzuma neza niba ihinduka ryimirire ningaruka zishobora kugira kuri societe yacu. Ubwanyuma, ikibazo ntabwo ari ukumenya niba dushobora kubona ubushobozi bwo kugabanya kurya inyama, ahubwo, turashobora kubigura?
Kurya inyama no kubungabunga ibidukikije.
Ubushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa bwagaragaje ingaruka zikomeye zo kurya inyama ku bidukikije. Inganda z’inyama zigira uruhare mu gutema amashyamba, ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, n’umwanda w’amazi, hamwe n’ibindi bidukikije. Umusaruro w’amatungo usaba ubutaka bwinshi, amazi, n’ibiryo, biganisha ku kwangiza amashyamba n’aho gutura. Byongeye kandi, imyuka ya metani iva mu bworozi igira uruhare mu ihindagurika ry’ikirere, bigatuma inganda z’inyama zigira uruhare runini mu myuka ihumanya ikirere. Mugabanye kurya inyama no guteza imbere imirire ishingiye ku bimera, dushobora kugabanya izo mbogamizi z’ibidukikije kandi tugakora ejo hazaza heza.
Inyungu zubukungu zo kugabanya inyama.
Guhindura kugabanya kurya inyama ntabwo bizana ingaruka nziza kubidukikije gusa ahubwo binagira inyungu zikomeye mubukungu. Imwe mu nyungu zingenzi nuburyo bushobora kuzigama amafaranga yakoreshejwe mu kwivuza. Kurya inyama nyinshi byahujwe nibibazo bitandukanye byubuzima nkindwara z'umutima, umubyibuho ukabije, na kanseri zimwe na zimwe. Mugabanye kurya inyama no kwakira ibiryo bishingiye ku bimera, abantu barashobora kuzamura ubuzima bwabo muri rusange kandi birashobora kugabanya umutwaro kuri sisitemu yubuzima, bigatuma ibiciro byubuvuzi bigabanuka mugihe kirekire.
Byongeye kandi, kugabanya kurya inyama birashobora kugabanya ibibazo byumutungo wubuhinzi. Umusaruro w'amatungo usaba ubutaka, amazi, n'ibiryo byinshi, bishobora gushyira igitutu kuri gahunda z'ubuhinzi. Muguhindura ibiryo bishingiye ku bimera, dushobora guhindura imikoreshereze y’umutungo w’ubuhinzi, dushobora kongera ibiribwa no kugabanya ibiciro bijyanye n'ubworozi.
Byongeye kandi, kuzamuka kwinganda zindi za poroteyine zitanga amahirwe yubukungu. Mugihe abaguzi bakeneye inyama zishingiye ku bimera na laboratoire zikomeza kwiyongera, isoko ryibyo bicuruzwa riragenda ryiyongera vuba. Ibi biratanga amahirwe yo guhanga imirimo, guhanga udushya, no kuzamuka mubukungu mubindi bice bya poroteyine. Mu kwakira iri hinduka, ibihugu birashobora kwihagararaho nk'abayobozi ku isoko ryiyongera, biteza imbere ubukungu no gutandukana.
Mu gusoza, kugabanya kurya inyama ntabwo bigira uruhare mu kubungabunga ibidukikije gusa ahubwo binatanga inyungu nini mubukungu. Kuva kugabanya ibiciro byubuzima kugeza kunoza umutungo w’ubuhinzi no gushora imari ku isoko rya poroteyine, kwakira impinduka zishingiye ku mirire ishingiye ku bimera bishobora kuganisha ku bihe biri imbere kandi birambye ku muryango w’abantu.
Kugabanuka gukenera ibikomoka ku nyamaswa.
Byongeye kandi, kugabanuka kw'ibikomoka ku nyamaswa bifite ubushobozi bwo gutanga amahirwe mashya mu bukungu mu nganda y'ibiribwa. Mugihe ibyifuzo byabaguzi bihinduka mubindi bishingiye ku bimera, hari isoko ryiyongera kubicuruzwa bishya kandi birambye bishingiye ku bimera. Ibi bifungura imiryango kuri ba rwiyemezamirimo nubucuruzi kugirango bateze imbere kandi batange uburyo butandukanye bushingiye ku bimera, nk'inyama zishingiye ku bimera, ubundi buryo bw’amata, hamwe n’inyongera za poroteyine zishingiye ku bimera. Ibicuruzwa ntabwo biha gusa icyifuzo gikenewe cyo guhitamo ibiryo birambye kandi byimyitwarire ahubwo bifite n'ubushobozi bwo kwinjiza amafaranga menshi no guhanga imirimo murwego rwibiribwa.
Byongeye kandi, kugabanya kwishingikiriza ku bikomoka ku nyamaswa birashobora gutuma uzigama amafaranga mu rwego rw’ubuhinzi. Ubuhinzi bwinyamaswa busaba umutungo wingenzi, harimo ubutaka, amazi, nibiryo. Mugihe igabanuka ryibikomoka ku nyamaswa, hazakenerwa gukenerwa cyane mu bworozi bw’amatungo, bigatuma umutungo w’ubuhinzi wongera kugaruka. Ibi birashobora gutuma umuntu azigama mu bijyanye no gucunga ubutaka, imikoreshereze y’amazi, n’umusaruro w’ibiryo, kubohora umutungo ushobora kwerekezwa ku bikorwa by’ubuhinzi birambye kandi bunoze. Byongeye kandi, kugabanuka kw’ibidukikije bifitanye isano n’ubuhinzi bw’inyamaswa, nko gusohora ibyuka bihumanya ikirere no guhumana kw’amazi, bishobora kuvamo kuzigama amafaranga ajyanye no gutunganya ibidukikije no kubahiriza amabwiriza.
Mu gusoza, kugabanuka kw'ibikomoka ku nyamaswa ntabwo bigira ingaruka nziza ku bidukikije no ku buzima rusange ahubwo binagira inyungu zikomeye mu bukungu. Mugabanye kurya inyama no gukoresha ubundi buryo bushingiye ku bimera, turashobora gushyiraho amahirwe mashya yubukungu mu nganda z’ibiribwa, kuzigama amafaranga mu buvuzi n’ubuhinzi, no guteza imbere gahunda y’ibiribwa irambye kandi ihamye. Biragaragara ko guhindura inzira yo kugabanuka kwishingikiriza ku bikomoka ku nyamaswa bidashoboka gusa ahubwo binagirira akamaro ubukungu umuryango w’abantu.
Ingaruka zubuzima bwo kurya inyama.
Kurya cyane inyama byajyanye ningaruka zitandukanye zubuzima. Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko gufata inyama zitukura kandi zitunganijwe bifitanye isano no kwiyongera kwindwara zidakira, nk'indwara z'umutima n'imitsi, diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2, na kanseri zimwe na zimwe. Ibinure byinshi hamwe na cholesterol biri mu nyama birashobora kugira uruhare mu iterambere ry’indwara z'umutima mu kuzamura urugero rwa cholesterol mu maraso no guteza imbere iyubakwa rya plaque mu mitsi. Byongeye kandi, inyama zitunganijwe, nka bacon, sosiso, hamwe n’inyama zitangwa, akenshi usanga ari nyinshi muri sodium no kubungabunga ibidukikije, ibyo bikaba bishobora kongera ibyago by’umuvuduko ukabije w’amaraso ndetse n’ibindi bibazo by’ubuzima. Mugabanye kurya inyama no kwinjiza ubundi buryo bushingiye ku bimera mubiryo byacu, abantu barashobora kuzamura ubuzima bwabo muri rusange no kugabanya ibyago byubuzima bubi.
Ibishobora kuzigama kubakoresha.
Usibye inyungu zishobora kubaho kubuzima bwo kugabanya inyama, hari nogushobora kuzigama kubaguzi. Ibimera bishingiye kubihingwa bikomoka ku nyama, nka tofu, ibishyimbo, ibinyomoro, n'imboga, usanga bihendutse kandi byoroshye kuboneka. Igiciro cyinyama kirashobora kuba kinini, cyane cyane iyo urebye igiciro cyo kugabanya ubuziranenge nuburyo bwo guhitamo. Mu kwinjiza amafunguro ashingiye ku bimera mu mafunguro yabo, abaguzi barashobora kwagura ingengo y’ibiribwa, birashoboka ko bazigama amafaranga kuri fagitire y'ibiribwa. Byongeye kandi, kugabanya kurya inyama birashobora gutuma ibiciro byubuvuzi bigabanuka mu gihe kirekire, kubera ko abantu bashobora kugira ingaruka nziza ku buzima ndetse no kugabanuka kw’indwara zidakira zijyanye no kurya inyama nyinshi. Izi ngaruka zishobora kuzigama zishobora guha abantu imbaraga zamafaranga yo kwakira indyo ishingiye ku bimera, bikagira uruhare runini mubukungu haba kurwego rwumuntu ndetse na societe.
Ubundi poroteyine zituruka ku kuzamuka.
Guhindura ubundi buryo bwa poroteyine bigenda bigaragara cyane muri iki gihe. Kubera ko impungenge zigenda ziyongera ku ngaruka z’ibidukikije ku musaruro w’inyama ndetse no gukenera gahunda y’ibiribwa birambye, hakenerwa ubundi buryo bwa poroteyine bushingiye ku bimera buragenda bwiyongera. Amasosiyete amenya iki cyerekezo no gushora imari mugutezimbere ibicuruzwa bishya bigana uburyohe nuburyo bwinyama gakondo. Byongeye kandi, iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga ryatanze inzira yo kubyara ubundi buryo bwa poroteyine nk’inyama zifite umuco n’ibicuruzwa bishingiye ku dukoko. Izi nzira zigaragara ntabwo zitanga ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije gusa kandi bitanga igisubizo cyiza kugirango gikemure ibibazo by’umutekano w’ibiribwa ku isi . Mu gihe imyumvire y’abaguzi no kwemerwa bikomeje kwiyongera, ubundi buryo bwa poroteyine bufite ubushobozi bwo guhindura inganda z’ibiribwa no guha inzira ejo hazaza heza kandi hashoboka ku muryango w’abantu.
Inkunga ku bahinzi bato.
Gufasha abahinzi-borozi bato ni ngombwa mu kubaka gahunda y'ibiribwa birambye kandi byuzuye. Aba bahinzi bafite uruhare runini mu kubungabunga urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima, guteza imbere ubukungu bw’ibanze, no kubungabunga umutekano w’ibiribwa aho batuye. Mugushora imari mubikorwa remezo, kubona ibikoresho, hamwe ninkunga ya tekiniki, turashobora guha abo bahinzi gutera imbere no gutanga umusanzu murwego rwubuhinzi rukomeye. Byongeye kandi, ingamba ziteza imbere amasoko ataziguye, nk'amasoko y'abahinzi ndetse n'ubuhinzi buterwa inkunga n'abaturage, birashobora gufasha abahinzi bato kubona ibiciro byiza ku bicuruzwa byabo mu gihe biteza imbere abaturage no guhuza ibicuruzwa n'abaguzi. Mu gushyigikira abahinzi bato, ntabwo dutanga umusanzu mu mibereho myiza y’ubukungu gusa ahubwo tunateza imbere gahunda y’ibiribwa iringaniye kandi irambye kuri buri wese.
Guteza imbere ibikorwa by’ubuhinzi birambye.
Kugira ngo turusheho guteza imbere ibikorwa by’ubuhinzi birambye, ni ngombwa gushora imari mu bushakashatsi no guteza imbere tekiniki y’ubuhinzi bushya. Ibi birimo gushakisha ubundi buryo bwo guhinga nka agroforestry, hydroponics, hamwe n’ubuhinzi buhagaze, bushobora gufasha gukoresha neza ubutaka no kugabanya ingaruka z’ibidukikije. Mu gushyira mu bikorwa tekinoroji y’ubuhinzi n’uburyo bushingiye ku makuru, abahinzi barashobora gukoresha neza umutungo nk’amazi, ifumbire, n’imiti yica udukoko, kugabanya imyanda no kugabanya ibidukikije by’ibikorwa by’ubuhinzi. Byongeye kandi, gushyigikira gahunda z’amahugurwa n’amahugurwa ku bahinzi ku bikorwa birambye birashobora gutuma hakoreshwa tekiniki zangiza ibidukikije no guteza imbere ubuzima bw’ubutaka n’ibinyabuzima bitandukanye. Mugutezimbere no gushimangira ibikorwa byubuhinzi burambye, ntidushobora kugabanya gusa ingaruka mbi z’ibidukikije ziterwa n’ubuhinzi busanzwe ahubwo tunashyiraho gahunda y’ibiribwa ihamye kandi irambye ku gisekuru kizaza.
Kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere.
Kugabanya neza ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, ni ngombwa gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba zuzuye zikubiyemo inzego zitandukanye za sosiyete. Igice kimwe cyingenzi cyemeza kwitabwaho ni urwego rwingufu. Guhinduranya ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu nkizuba, umuyaga, ningufu za hydro birashobora kugabanya cyane gushingira ku bicanwa biva mu kirere hanyuma bikagabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere. Byongeye kandi, kuzamura ingufu mu nyubako no gukoresha uburyo burambye bwo gutwara abantu nkibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi birashobora kurushaho kugira uruhare mu kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere. Byongeye kandi, gushyira mu bikorwa politiki n’amabwiriza biteza imbere kubungabunga ingufu no gushishikariza ikoreshwa ry’ikoranabuhanga rifite isuku birashobora gushyiraho ibidukikije byiza ku bikorwa birambye. Mugushira imbere kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere mubice byose bigize societe yacu, ntidushobora kugabanya gusa ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ahubwo tunatanga inzira y’ejo hazaza harambye kandi harambye.
Kugabanya inyama nkigikorwa cyisi yose.
Mu myaka yashize, habaye isi igenda yiyongera ku kugabanya kurya inyama ku mpamvu zitandukanye, zirimo ibidukikije, ubuzima, ndetse n’imyitwarire myiza. Ihinduka ry’imirire rigenda ryiyongera mu gihe abantu ku giti cyabo n’imiryango bamenya ingaruka zikomeye umusaruro w’inyama ugira ku byuka bihumanya ikirere, gutema amashyamba, no gukoresha amazi. Byongeye kandi, ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko kurya inyama nyinshi bishobora kugira uruhare mu bibazo by’ubuzima nk’indwara z'umutima, umubyibuho ukabije, ndetse na kanseri zimwe na zimwe. Kubera iyo mpamvu, guverinoma, ubucuruzi, n'abantu ku giti cyabo barimo gushakisha ubundi buryo bwo guhitamo imirire , nk'ibiryo bishingiye ku bimera cyangwa flexitarism, bikubiyemo kugabanya inyama mu gihe zinjiza ibiryo bishingiye ku bimera mu ifunguro rya buri munsi. Iyi gahunda y’isi yose igabanya kugabanya inyama itanga amahirwe yo kuzamuka mu bukungu no guhanga udushya, kubera ko icyifuzo cy’ibindi binyabuzima bishingiye ku bimera ndetse n’ibiribwa birambye bikomeje kwiyongera. Mugukurikiza iyi mpinduka, societe ntishobora guteza imbere ibidukikije gusa ahubwo inateza imbere imibereho myiza no gushyiraho ejo hazaza harambye ibisekuruza bizaza.
Mw'isi ya none, igitekerezo cyo kugabanya kurya inyama gishobora gusa naho giteye ubwoba, ariko inyungu z’ubukungu zishobora kuba ingirakamaro. Ntabwo ishobora gusa gutuma ibiciro byubuzima bigabanuka ndetse n’ibidukikije birambye, ariko bifite n'ubushobozi bwo guhanga imirimo mishya n'inganda. Nubwo inzibacyuho igana ku mirire ishingiye ku bimera idashobora kubaho mu ijoro rimwe, ni intambwe ishoboka kandi ikenewe mu kuzamura ubukungu bwacu ndetse na sosiyete muri rusange. Muguhindura bike mumico yacu yo kurya, turashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye kwisi idukikije.
Ibibazo
Ni izihe nyungu zishobora kubaho mu bukungu zo kugabanya kurya inyama ku rugero runini?
Kugabanya kurya inyama kurwego runini birashobora kugira inyungu nyinshi mubukungu. Ubwa mbere, irashobora gutuma amafaranga azigama mubuvuzi kuko kugabanuka kwinyama bifitanye isano ningaruka nke zindwara zidakira nkindwara z'umutima hamwe na kanseri zimwe na zimwe. Ibi birashobora gutuma amafaranga yo kwivuza agabanuka. Icya kabiri, guhindura ibiryo bishingiye ku bimera bishobora kugabanya icyifuzo cyo gutanga inyama, zikaba zikoresha umutungo cyane. Ibi birashobora gutuma ibiciro byibidukikije bigabanuka, nko kugabanya imikoreshereze y’amazi n’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere. Byongeye kandi, izamuka ry’inganda zishingiye ku bimera zishingiye ku bimera zirashobora guhanga imirimo mishya no kuzamura ubukungu mu buhinzi n’ibiribwa.
Nigute kugabanya gukoresha inyama byagira ingaruka ku buhinzi n’ubworozi, kandi ni ubuhe buryo bwo guhindura ubukungu bwaba bukenewe?
Kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'inyama byagira ingaruka zikomeye ku buhinzi n'ubworozi. Mugihe icyifuzo cyinyama kigabanutse, hashobora kubaho kugabanuka kwamatungo yororerwa kubyara inyama. Ibi bizasaba abahinzi n'aborozi guhindura ibitekerezo byabo mubindi bikorwa byubuhinzi cyangwa ubundi buryo bwo kwinjiza amafaranga. Byongeye kandi, hashobora kubaho impinduka mu bukungu, nko gutandukanya ibikorwa by’ubuhinzi no gushora imari mu musaruro ukomoka kuri poroteyine. Inzibacyuho ishobora kandi gutuma habaho gutakaza akazi mu nganda zinyama, ariko birashobora gutanga amahirwe mashya murwego rwibiribwa bishingiye ku bimera. Muri rusange, kugabanya kurya inyama byasaba guhuza n'imihindagurikire y'ubuhinzi n'ubworozi.
Haba hari ubushakashatsi cyangwa ibimenyetso byerekana ingaruka nziza zubukungu zo kugabanya inyama mu turere cyangwa ibihugu byihariye?
Nibyo, hari ibimenyetso byerekana ko kugabanya kurya inyama bishobora kugira ingaruka nziza mubukungu mukarere cyangwa mubihugu runaka. Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko guhindura ibiryo bishingiye ku bimera bishobora kugabanya amafaranga y’ubuzima ajyanye n’indwara ziterwa n’imirire, nk'indwara z'umutima ndetse na kanseri zimwe na zimwe. Byongeye kandi, kugabanya kurya inyama birashobora kugabanya ibiciro byibidukikije, nko gusohora ibyuka bihumanya ikirere no gukoresha amazi. Ibi birashobora kuganisha ku kuzigama mu rwego rwo kugabanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere no kubungabunga umutungo kamere. Byongeye kandi, guteza imbere ubuhinzi bushingiye ku bimera n’ubundi buryo bwa poroteyine bishobora guhanga imirimo mishya mu nganda z’ibiribwa kandi bikagira uruhare mu kuzamura ubukungu.
Ni izihe ngaruka zishobora kubaho mu bukungu cyangwa imbogamizi zijyanye no kwimukira muri sosiyete yagabanije kurya inyama?
Ibiciro byubukungu cyangwa imbogamizi zijyanye no kwimukira muri societe yagabanijwe n’inyama zirimo ingaruka ku nganda z’inyama n’ubucuruzi bujyanye nayo, gutakaza akazi mu nganda, ndetse no gushora imari mu zindi poroteyine. Byongeye kandi, hashobora kubaho imbogamizi zijyanye no kwakira abaguzi no guhindura imyitwarire, hamwe n’ingaruka zishobora kuba mu bukungu ku bihugu byishingikiriza cyane ku byoherezwa mu mahanga. Icyakora, hari inyungu zishobora kubaho mu bukungu, nko kugabanya amafaranga y’ubuvuzi ajyanye n’abaturage bafite ubuzima bwiza no kuzamuka kw’isoko rya poroteyine. Muri rusange, ibiciro byubukungu nibibazo bizaterwa n'umuvuduko nubunini bwinzibacyuho n'ingamba zashyizwe mu bikorwa kugirango hagabanuke ingaruka mbi.
Nigute leta nubucuruzi bishobora gushishikariza no gushyigikira igabanywa ry’inyama kugira ngo ubukungu bwifashe neza?
Guverinoma n’ubucuruzi birashobora gushishikariza no gushyigikira igabanywa ry’inyama zishyira mu bikorwa politiki iteza imbere indyo y’ibihingwa, nko gutanga imisoro ku masosiyete akora ubundi buryo bushingiye ku bimera, gutera inkunga ibiciro by’ibiribwa bishingiye ku bimera, no gushyira mu bikorwa ubukangurambaga bukangurira abaturage ibijyanye n’ibidukikije n’ubuzima bwo kugabanya kurya inyama. Byongeye kandi, guverinoma zishobora gushora imari mu bushakashatsi n’iterambere kugira ngo inyama zirambye kandi zihendutse, zitange inkunga n’umutungo ku bahinzi bava mu buhinzi bw’amatungo bajya mu buhinzi bushingiye ku bimera, kandi bagashyigikira ibikorwa biteza imbere ubuhinzi burambye. Mugushiraho ibidukikije byunganira no gutanga ubukungu, guverinoma nubucuruzi birashobora koroshya impinduka zubukungu zigenda zigabanuka ku nyama zinyama.