Amafi ninyamaswa zo mu mazi - Humane Foundation

Amafi n'izindi nyamaswa zo mu mazi zigize itsinda rinini ry'inyamaswa zicwa kugira ngo zirye, nyamara akenshi ni zo zirengagizwa cyane. Miliyoni z'amafi zifatwa cyangwa zirorerwa buri mwaka, zirenze cyane umubare w'inyamaswa zo ku butaka zikoreshwa mu buhinzi. Nubwo hari ibimenyetso bya siyansi bikomeje kwiyongera bigaragaza ko amafi yumva ububabare, stress, n'ubwoba, imibabaro yazo ihora yirengagizwa cyangwa ikitabwaho. Ubworozi bw'amafi mu nganda, buzwi nka ubworozi bw'amafi, bushyira amafi mu biraro byuzuyemo abantu benshi cyangwa mu biraro aho indwara, udukoko, n'amazi meza ari byinshi. Umubare w'impfu uri hejuru, kandi abarokotse bakomeza kubaho mu bwigunge, babuze ubushobozi bwo koga mu bwisanzure cyangwa kugaragaza imyitwarire karemano.
Uburyo bukoreshwa mu gufata no kwica inyamaswa zo mu mazi akenshi ni bubi cyane kandi bumara igihe kirekire. Amafi yo mu gasozi ashobora kubura umwuka buhoro buhoro ku kiraro, agahondwa n'inshundura zikomeye, cyangwa agapfa azize kugabanuka mu gihe akururwa mu mazi maremare. Amafi yororerwa mu mazi akunze kwicwa adatunguye, agasigara ahumeka mu kirere cyangwa ku rubura. Uretse amafi, amamiliyari y’inyamaswa zo mu bwoko bwa crustacean na mollusk—nk’isambaza, inkeri, na octopus—nazo zikorerwa ibikorwa bibabaza cyane, nubwo zikomeje kumenyekana ko zimeze neza.
Ingaruka z’uburobyi n’ubworozi bw’amafi mu nganda nazo ni mbi cyane. Uburobyi bukabije bubangamira urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima byose, mu gihe ubworozi bw’amafi bugira uruhare mu kwanduza amazi, kwangiza aho aba, no gukwirakwiza indwara ku mashyamba. Mu gusuzuma ibibazo by’amafi n’inyamaswa zo mu mazi, iki cyiciro kigaragaza ikiguzi cyihishe cyo gukoresha amafi mu mazi, gisaba ko hatekerezwa cyane ku ngaruka z’imyitwarire myiza, ibidukikije, n’ubuzima zo gufata ibi binyabuzima nk’umutungo ushobora gukoreshwa.

Inyanja ifite hejuru ya 70% yubuso bwisi kandi ibamo ubuzima butandukanye bwamazi yo mumazi. Mu myaka yashize, icyifuzo cy’ibikomoka ku nyanja cyatumye ubworozi bw’inyanja n’amafi bwiyongera nk’uburobyi burambye. Iyi mirima, izwi kandi ku bworozi bw'amafi, bakunze kuvugwa nk'igisubizo cyo kuroba cyane ndetse n'uburyo bwo guhaza ibikenerwa byo mu nyanja bigenda byiyongera. Nyamara, munsi yubuso hari ukuri kwijimye kwingaruka iyi mirima igira kubidukikije byamazi. Nubwo bisa nkibisubizo hejuru, ukuri nuko ubworozi bwinyanja n’amafi bushobora kugira ingaruka mbi kubidukikije ndetse ninyamaswa zita inyanja murugo. Muri iyi ngingo, tuzacengera cyane mu bworozi bw’inyanja n’amafi kandi dushyire ahagaragara ingaruka zihishe zibangamira urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima byo mu mazi. Kuva mu gukoresha antibiotike n'imiti yica udukoko kugeza…

Amazi yo mu nyanja ni ibiryo by'ibiryo byo ku isi, ariko urugendo rwayo ku masahani yacu akenshi ruza ku giciro cyihishe. Inyuma yo gukwega imizingo ya sushi hamwe n’amafi yuzuye amafi hari inganda zuzuyemo ibicuruzwa, aho usanga kuroba cyane, ibikorwa byangiza, hamwe no gufata nabi inyamaswa zo mu mazi. Kuva mu bworozi bw'amafi bwuzuye abantu benshi kugeza ku ifatwa ridasobanutse mu rushundura runini rwo kuroba, ibiremwa bitabarika byihanganira imibabaro myinshi itagaragara. Mu gihe ibiganiro by’imibereho y’inyamanswa byibanda ku moko ashingiye ku butaka, ubuzima bwo mu nyanja buracyirengagizwa nubwo bwifashe nabi cyane. Mugihe ubukangurambaga bugenda bwiyongera kuri ubwo bugizi bwa nabi bwirengagijwe, hagenda hahamagarwa uburenganzira bw’inyamaswa zo mu mazi no guhitamo inyanja zo mu nyanja - bitanga ibyiringiro ku bidukikije byo mu nyanja ndetse n’ubuzima babamo.

Kuva kera cyane, umugani uvuga ko amafi adashobora kumva ububabare byagaragaje ubugome bukabije mu kuroba no mu bworozi bw'amafi. Nyamara, ibimenyetso byinshi bya siyansi byerekana ukuri gutandukanye cyane: amafi afite imiterere yimitsi ndetse nigisubizo cyimyitwarire ikenewe muguhura nububabare, ubwoba, numubabaro. Kuva mu bucuruzi bw’uburobyi butera imibabaro igihe kirekire kugeza kuri gahunda y’ubuhinzi bw’amafi yuzuyemo ibibazo n’indwara, amamiliyaridi y’amafi yihanganira ingaruka zitavugwa buri mwaka. Iyi ngingo yibanda ku bumenyi bwihishe inyuma y’amafi, iragaragaza amakosa y’imyitwarire y’inganda, kandi idusaba kongera gutekereza ku mibanire yacu n’ubuzima bwo mu mazi - irasaba guhitamo impuhwe zishyira imbere imibereho y’inyamaswa kuruta kuyikoresha.

Mu gicucu cy’ubuhinzi bw’uruganda, ikibazo cyihishe kibera munsi y’amazi - amafi, ibiremwa bifite ubwenge kandi bifite ubwenge, bihanganira imibabaro idashoboka mucecetse. Mu gihe ibiganiro byerekeranye n'imibereho y’inyamaswa bikunze kwibanda ku nyamaswa zo ku butaka, gukoresha amafi binyuze mu burobyi bw’inganda n’ubuhinzi bw’amafi bikomeje kwirengagizwa. Bafatiwe mu bihe byuzuye kandi bahura n’imiti yangiza no kwangiza ibidukikije, ibyo biremwa bihura nubugome budashira butamenyekana nabaguzi benshi. Iyi ngingo iragaragaza impungenge zishingiye ku myitwarire, ingaruka z’ibidukikije, no guhamagarira byihutirwa ko amafi akwiye kurindwa n’impuhwe muri gahunda zacu zibyo kurya. Impinduka itangirana no kumenya - reka tuzane ibibazo byabo mubitekerezo

Ubuhinzi bwa Octopus, igisubizo cy’ibikenerwa n’ibikomoka ku nyanja, byateje impaka zikomeye ku bijyanye n’imyitwarire n’ibidukikije. Iyi cephalopode ishimishije ntabwo ihabwa agaciro gusa kubwo guteka kwabo ahubwo inubahwa kubwubwenge bwabo, ubushobozi bwo gukemura ibibazo, hamwe nimbaraga zamarangamutima - imico itera kwibaza ibibazo bikomeye kubijyanye na morale yo kubafungira muburyo bwo guhinga. Kuva ku mpungenge z’imibereho y’inyamaswa kugeza ku buryo bwagutse bwo guharanira uburenganzira bw’inyamaswa zo mu nyanja, iyi ngingo iragaragaza ingorane zikikije ubworozi bw’amafi ya octopus. Iyo dusuzumye ingaruka zabyo ku bidukikije, kugereranya n’ubuhinzi bushingiye ku butaka, no guhamagarira abantu gufata neza abantu, duhura n’ibikenewe byihutirwa gushyira mu gaciro ibyo abantu bakoresha mu bijyanye n’ubuzima bwo mu nyanja.

Gahunda y'ibiribwa muri iki gihe niyo nyirabayazana w'impfu z’inyamaswa zirenga miliyari 9 buri mwaka. Nyamara, iyi mibare itangaje yerekana gusa imibabaro myinshi muri gahunda yacu y'ibiribwa, kuko ivuga gusa ku nyamaswa zo ku butaka. Usibye umubare w’abantu ku isi, inganda z’uburobyi zangiza ubuzima bw’inyanja, zihitana ubuzima bw’amafi y’amafi n’ibindi binyabuzima byo mu nyanja buri mwaka, haba mu buryo butaziguye kugira ngo abantu babone cyangwa bahitanwa n’ubushake bw’uburobyi. Bycatch bivuga gufata nkana ubwoko butagenewe mugihe cyo kuroba mubucuruzi. Aba bahohotewe batateganijwe akenshi bahura ningaruka zikomeye, uhereye ku gukomeretsa no gupfa kugeza guhungabanya ibidukikije. Iyi nyandiko iragaragaza ibipimo bitandukanye byacatch, itanga urumuri ku byangiritse ku ngwate zatewe n’uburobyi bw’inganda. Kuki inganda zuburobyi ari mbi? Inganda z’uburobyi zikunze kunengwa imikorere myinshi igira ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije byo mu nyanja…

Mu buhinzi bwuruganda, imikorere irashyirwa imbere kuruta ibindi byose. Ubusanzwe inyamaswa zororerwa ahantu hanini, zifunze aho zipakiye hamwe kugirango umubare w’inyamaswa zishobora kororerwa ahantu runaka. Iyi myitozo ituma umusaruro mwinshi hamwe nigiciro gito, ariko akenshi biza byangiza imibereho yinyamaswa.Muri iyi ngingo, uzasangamo ibintu byose ukeneye kumenya kubijyanye nubuhinzi bwuruganda. Ubworozi bw'uruganda muri Amerika bukubiyemo inyamaswa zitandukanye, zirimo inka, ingurube, inkoko, inkoko, n'amafi. Inka Ingurube Ifi Hens Inkoko Uruganda rwororerwa Inkoko & Hens Uruganda rwinkoko rurimo ibyiciro bibiri byingenzi: zororerwa kubyara inyama nizikoreshwa mugutera amagi. Ubuzima bwinkoko za Broiler mumirima yinganda Inkoko zororerwa inyama, cyangwa inkoko za broiler, akenshi zihanganira ibihe bibi mubuzima bwabo. Ibi bisabwa birimo abantu benshi kandi badafite isuku, bishobora…

Inyanja, yuzuye ubuzima kandi ni ngombwa kugira ngo isi iringanize, iragoswe no kuroba cyane no kuroba - imbaraga ebyiri zangiza zitera amoko yo mu nyanja gusenyuka. Kuroba cyane bigabanya umubare w’amafi ku gipimo kidashoboka, mu gihe gufata byinjira mu buryo butarondoreka ibiremwa byugarijwe n’inyenzi zo mu nyanja, dolphine, n’inyoni zo mu nyanja. Iyi myitozo ntabwo ihungabanya urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima byo mu nyanja gusa ahubwo inabangamira abaturage bo ku nkombe zishingiye ku burobyi butera imbere kugira ngo babeho. Iyi ngingo iragaragaza ingaruka zikomeye z’ibi bikorwa ku binyabuzima ndetse no muri sosiyete z’abantu, isaba ko byihutirwa binyuze mu buryo burambye bwo gucunga no gufatanya n’isi yose kubungabunga ubuzima bw’inyanja yacu.

Ubworozi bw'uruganda bwabaye uburyo bwiganje mu gutanga inyama, bitewe no gukenera inyama zihenze kandi nyinshi. Ariko, inyuma yorohereza inyama zakozwe na benshi hari ukuri kwijimye kwubugome bwinyamaswa nububabare. Kimwe mu bintu bibabaza cyane mu buhinzi bw’uruganda ni ifungwa ry’ubugome ryihanganwe na miliyoni z’inyamaswa mbere yo kubagwa. Iyi nyandiko iragaragaza imiterere yubumuntu ihura ninyamaswa zororerwa mu ruganda ningaruka zifatika zifungwa. Kumenya inyamaswa zororerwa Izi nyamaswa, akenshi zororerwa kubwinyama, amata, amagi, zigaragaza imyitwarire idasanzwe kandi ifite ibyo ikeneye bitandukanye. Dore incamake yinyamanswa zimwe na zimwe zororerwa: Inka, kimwe nimbwa dukunda, zishimira gutungwa no gushaka imibanire ninyamaswa bagenzi bacu. Aho batuye, bakunze kugirana umubano urambye nizindi nka, bisa nubucuti burigihe. Byongeye kandi, bakundana cyane nabagize amashyo yabo, bakerekana akababaro iyo…

Amafi ni ibiremwa byiyumvamo ubushobozi bwo kumva ububabare, ukuri kurushijeho kwemezwa nibimenyetso bya siyansi bikuraho imyizerere ishaje. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, inganda z’amafi n’ibikomoka ku nyanja akenshi birengagiza akababaro kabo. Kuva mu bworozi bw'amafi magufi kugeza ku buryo bwo kubaga bunyamaswa, amafi atabarika yihanganira akababaro gakomeye kandi akangiza ubuzima bwabo bwose. Iyi ngingo iragaragaza ukuri inyuma y’ibicuruzwa byo mu nyanja - gusuzuma ubumenyi bw’imyumvire y’ububabare bw’amafi, imbogamizi zishingiye ku myitwarire y’ubuhinzi bwimbitse, n’ingaruka ku bidukikije bifitanye isano n’inganda. Irahamagarira abasomyi kongera gutekereza kubyo bahisemo no kunganira inzira zubumuntu kandi zirambye mubuzima bwamazi