Andi matungo yororerwamo (Ihene, Inkwavu, nibindi)

Nubwo inka, ingurube, inkoko n'amafi byiganje mu nganda z'ubuhinzi ku isi, andi matungo menshi cyane—harimo ihene, intama, inkwavu, ndetse n'andi moko adakunze kumenyekana—nayo akorerwa ubuhinzi bukomeye. Aya matungo akunze kwirengagizwa mu biganiro rusange, nyamara ahura n'ibikorwa byinshi nk'ibyo: amacumbi yuzuye abantu, kutagira ubuvuzi bw'amatungo, n'ibikorwa bishyira imbere inyungu kuruta imibereho myiza. Ihene n'intama, zikoreshwa cyane cyane kubera amata yazo, inyama, n'ubwoya, zikunze gufungirwa ahantu habi aho imyitwarire karemano nko kuragira, kuzerera, no gusabana kwa nyina ntibyemewe.
Inkwavu, imwe mu moko yororerwa cyane ku isi kubera inyama n'ubwoya, ihura n'ibibazo bikomeye mu buhinzi bw'inganda. Ubusanzwe ziba mu tuzu duto tw'insinga, zihura n'ibibazo by'imihangayiko, imvune, n'indwara bitewe n'imibereho mibi n'ahantu hadakwiye. Andi matungo, nk'ibishuhe byororerwa hanze y'amasoko y'inkoko, ingurube zo mu bwoko bwa Guinea, ndetse n'amoko adasanzwe mu turere tumwe na tumwe, nazo zigurishwa kandi zigakurira mu mimerere itita ku byo zikeneye mu buryo bwihariye mu by'umubiri no mu marangamutima.
Nubwo zitandukanye, izi nyamaswa zisangiye ukuri kumwe: imiterere yazo bwite n'ubwenge bwazo byirengagizwa muri sisitemu zigamije kongera imikorere. Kuba zitagaragara z'imibabaro yazo mu bumenyi rusange bikomeza gusa uburyo zikoreshwa mu buryo busanzwe. Mu kugaragaza aba bantu bakunze kwibagirwa ubuhinzi bw'inganda, iki cyiciro gisaba ko inyamaswa zose zimenyekana mu buryo bwagutse nk'ibiremwa bikwiye icyubahiro, impuhwe, no kurindwa.

Inganda zo gusiganwa ku mafarasi nububabare bwinyamaswa kubwimyidagaduro yabantu. Irushanwa ry'amafarashi rikunda gukundwa nka siporo ishimishije no kwerekana ubufatanye bw'abantu n'inyamaswa. Nyamara, munsi yicyubahiro cyacyo hari ukuri kwubugome no gukoreshwa. Ifarashi, ibiremwa bifite ubushobozi bushobora kugira ububabare n'amarangamutima, bikorerwa imyitozo ishyira imbere inyungu kuruta imibereho yabo. Dore zimwe mu mpamvu zingenzi zituma gusiganwa ku mafarasi ari ubugome busanzwe: Ingaruka zica mu gusiganwa ku mafarashi zerekana amafarashi ibyago byinshi byo gukomeretsa, akenshi biganisha ku ngaruka zikomeye kandi rimwe na rimwe zikaba ari ibyago, harimo ihahamuka nko kuvunika amajosi, amaguru yavunitse, cyangwa izindi nkomere zangiza ubuzima. Iyo izo nkomere zibaye, euthanasiya yihutirwa akenshi niyo nzira yonyine, kuko imiterere ya anatomy ituma gukira ibikomere nkibi bitoroshye, niba bidashoboka. Ibibazo bitondekanye cyane ku mafarashi mu nganda zo gusiganwa, aho imibereho yabo ikunze gufata umwanya wo kunguka kandi…

Ubworozi bw'uruganda bukomeje kuba rumwe mu nganda zihishe kandi zitavugwaho rumwe, zikorera kure y’abaturage mu gihe zangiza inyamaswa imibabaro idashoboka. Binyuze muri firime zikomeye hamwe niperereza ryihishwa, iyi ngingo iragaragaza ukuri kwijimye guhura ninka, ingurube, inkoko, nihene mubuhinzi bwinganda. Kuva ibikorwa bidahwema gukoreshwa mu bworozi bw'amata kugeza ku buzima bubi bw'inkoko zororoka zororerwa kubagwa mu gihe kitarenze ibyumweru bitandatu, aya makuru yerekanwe ku isi itwarwa n'inyungu bitwaje ubuzima bw'inyamaswa. Mugushira ahabona ibyo bikorwa byihishe, turasabwa gutekereza ku ngeso zacu zo kurya no gutekereza ku ngaruka zabyo ku biremwa bifite ubuzima muri iyi sisitemu.

Kuzenguruka inganda zinyamanswa nyamara akenshi birengagizwa, imbuni zigira uruhare rutangaje kandi rwinshi mubucuruzi bwisi. Yubahwa nk'inyoni nini zitagira indege ku isi, ibyo bihangange bihanganye byahindutse mu myaka miriyoni kugira ngo bitere imbere ahantu habi, ariko uruhare rwabo ntirurenga akamaro k’ibidukikije. Kuva gutanga uruhu ruhebuje kumyambarire yo mu rwego rwo hejuru kugeza gutanga ubundi buryo bwiza ku isoko ryinyama, ostre ni intandaro yinganda zikomeje kuba impaka mu mpaka zishingiye ku myitwarire ndetse n’ibibazo by’ibikoresho. Nubwo bafite ubushobozi mu bukungu, ibibazo nk’imfu nyinshi z’impfu, impungenge z’imirima, imicungire mibi y’ubwikorezi, hamwe n’ibikorwa byo kubaga bitavugwaho rumwe byateye igicucu inganda. Mugihe abaguzi bashaka ubundi buryo burambye kandi bwikiremwamuntu mugihe baringaniza ibitekerezo byubuzima bijyanye no kurya inyama, igihe kirageze cyo kumurikira ibyo bihangange byibagiwe - haba mumateka yabo adasanzwe ndetse no gukenera impinduka muburyo bwabo bwo guhinga.

Ubworozi bw'ubwoya bukomeje kuba bumwe mu buryo butongana cyane mu buhinzi bwa kijyambere, bugaragaza amamiriyoni ya mink, imbwebwe, n’andi matungo ubuzima bw’ubugome budasanzwe ndetse no kwamburwa. Gufungirwa mu kato gafite insinga zidafite amahirwe yo kwerekana imyitwarire karemano, ibyo biremwa bifite ubwenge bihanganira imibabaro yumubiri, imibabaro yo mumitekerereze, hamwe no gukoreshwa imyororokere - byose bigamije imyambarire myiza. Mu gihe imyumvire ku isi igenda yiyongera ku ngaruka z’imyitwarire n’ibidukikije biva mu musaruro w’ubwoya, iyi ngingo iratanga ibisobanuro ku bintu bibi byugarije inyamaswa zororerwa mu gihe isaba ko hajyaho inzira zishingiye ku mpuhwe zishingiye ku mpuhwe.

Inkwavu zikunze kugaragazwa nkikimenyetso cyinzirakarengane nubupfura, gushushanya amakarita yo kubasuhuza hamwe nibitabo byabana. Nyamara, inyuma yuru ruhande rwiza hari ukuri gukabije kuri miliyoni zinkwavu zahinzwe kwisi yose. Izi nyamaswa zibabazwa cyane mwizina ryinyungu, ibibazo byabo akenshi birengagizwa hagati yinsanganyamatsiko yagutse ku mibereho yinyamaswa. Iyi nyandiko igamije kumurika ububabare bwibagiwe ninkwavu zahinzwe, gusuzuma imiterere bihanganira ningaruka zimyitwarire yabyo. Ubuzima Kamere bw'Inkwavu Inkwavu, nk'inyamaswa zihiga, zahinduye imyitwarire yihariye n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere kugira ngo ibeho aho ituye. Nibimera cyane cyane ibyatsi, birisha ibimera bitandukanye, kandi birakora cyane mugitondo na nimugoroba kugirango birinde inyamaswa zangiza. Iyo hejuru yubutaka, inkwavu zigaragaza imyitwarire yo kuba maso, nko kwicara ku maguru yinyuma kugirango isuzume akaga no kwishingikiriza ku myumvire yabo ikaze y’impumuro na peripheri…

Ubwoya bumaze igihe kinini buvuga kimwe no guhumurizwa no kwinezeza, ariko munsi yacyo yoroheje hari ukuri gukomeye abaguzi benshi batabizi. Inganda zubwoya, zikunze gukundwa mubukangurambaga bwo kwamamaza, zuzuyemo ibikorwa byo guhohotera inyamaswa ndetse n’imikorere idahwitse ishyira imbere inyungu kuruta imibereho myiza yintama. Kuva mubikorwa bibabaza nko kwikinisha kugeza mubikorwa byubugizi bwa nabi bwo kogoshesha, izi nyamaswa zoroheje zihanganira imibabaro idashoboka mu nganda zubakiwe. Iyi ngingo iracengera mubugome bwihishe inyuma yubwoya bwintama, bugaragaza ihohoterwa ryimyitwarire, impungenge z’ibidukikije, hamwe n’ibikenewe byihutirwa by’impuhwe. Muguhishura uku kuri guteye ubwoba, tugamije guha imbaraga abasomyi guhitamo neza no kunganira ejo hazaza heza - kuko nta mwenda ukwiye ubuzima bwububabare.

Ihene y’amata ikunze kugaragazwa nkikimenyetso cyumutuzo w’abashumba, kurisha mu bwisanzure mu murima utoshye. Ariko, ukuri kwihishe inyuma yiyi shusho idiliki irakabije. Munsi yubuso bwamata yihene azwi neza hariho isi yihishe yubugome no gukoreshwa. Kuva mu bworozi bwororerwa no konsa hakiri kare kugeza kuvanaho amahembe kubabaza hamwe nubuzima bwuzuye, ihene y’amata yihanganira imibabaro myinshi kugirango ishobore gukenera inganda. Iri perereza ryerekanye ukuri gukomeye mu mibereho yabo, rirwanya imyumvire itari yo ku bijyanye n’umusaruro w’amata y’amata kandi ugasaba abakiriya kongera gutekereza ku byo bahisemo kugira ngo ejo hazaza harangwe impuhwe

Ubworozi bw'uruganda bwabaye uburyo bwiganje mu gutanga inyama, bitewe no gukenera inyama zihenze kandi nyinshi. Ariko, inyuma yorohereza inyama zakozwe na benshi hari ukuri kwijimye kwubugome bwinyamaswa nububabare. Kimwe mu bintu bibabaza cyane mu buhinzi bw’uruganda ni ifungwa ry’ubugome ryihanganwe na miliyoni z’inyamaswa mbere yo kubagwa. Iyi nyandiko iragaragaza imiterere yubumuntu ihura ninyamaswa zororerwa mu ruganda ningaruka zifatika zifungwa. Kumenya inyamaswa zororerwa Izi nyamaswa, akenshi zororerwa kubwinyama, amata, amagi, zigaragaza imyitwarire idasanzwe kandi ifite ibyo ikeneye bitandukanye. Dore incamake yinyamanswa zimwe na zimwe zororerwa: Inka, kimwe nimbwa dukunda, zishimira gutungwa no gushaka imibanire ninyamaswa bagenzi bacu. Aho batuye, bakunze kugirana umubano urambye nizindi nka, bisa nubucuti burigihe. Byongeye kandi, bakundana cyane nabagize amashyo yabo, bakerekana akababaro iyo…

Ibura ry'inzuki ryabaye impungenge ku isi mu myaka yashize, kubera ko uruhare rwabo nk'ibyangiza ari ingenzi ku buzima no guhungabanya ibidukikije. Hafi ya kimwe cya gatatu cyibiribwa byacu bitaziguye cyangwa butaziguye biterwa n’umwanda, igabanuka ry’abaturage b’inzuki ryazamuye inzogera zivuga ku buryo burambye gahunda y’ibiribwa byacu. Mu gihe hari ibintu bitandukanye bigira uruhare mu kugabanuka kwinzuki, ibikorwa byo guhinga inganda byagaragaye ko ari nyirabayazana. Gukoresha imiti yica udukoko hamwe nubuhanga bwo guhinga monoculture ntabwo byangije gusa abaturage b’inzuki, ahubwo byanabangamiye aho batuye ndetse n’isoko ry’ibiribwa. Ibi byavuyemo ingaruka za domino, ntabwo bigira ingaruka ku nzuki gusa ahubwo no ku yandi moko ndetse no kuringaniza ibidukikije. Mu gihe dukomeje gushingira ku buhinzi bw’inganda kugira ngo duhuze ibiribwa bikenerwa, ni ngombwa gusuzuma ingaruka z’ibi…