Ibibazo

Igice cy’"Ibibazo" kiragaragaza imiterere y’imibabaro ikwirakwira kandi ikunze kwihisha inyamaswa zihura nayo mu isi ishingiye ku bantu. Ibi si ibikorwa by’ubugome gusa ahubwo ni ibimenyetso by’uburyo bunini—bwubakiye ku muco, kuborohereza, no kunguka—butuma inyamaswa zikoreshwa nabi kandi zigatakaza uburenganzira bwazo bw’ibanze. Kuva ku matungo y’inganda kugeza ku bibuga by’imyidagaduro, kuva ku macumbi ya laboratwari kugeza ku nganda z’imyenda, inyamaswa zikorerwaho ingaruka zikunze gusukurwa, kwirengagizwa, cyangwa kwemezwa n’amahame y’umuco.
Buri cyiciro muri iki gice kigaragaza urwego rutandukanye rw’ingaruka mbi. Turasuzuma ububi bwo kwica no gufungirwa, imibabaro iri inyuma y’ubwoya n’imyambarire, ndetse n’ihungabana inyamaswa zihura naryo mu gihe cyo gutwara. Duhura n’ingaruka z’imikorere y’ubuhinzi mu nganda, ikiguzi cy’amahame mbwirizamuco cyo gupima inyamaswa, no gukoresha inyamaswa mu ma circus, pariki zo mu gasozi no muri pariki zo mu mazi. Ndetse no mu ngo zacu, inyamaswa nyinshi zifatanya nazo zihura n’ihungabana, ihohoterwa ryo korora, cyangwa gutereranwa. Kandi mu gasozi, inyamaswa zirakurwa mu byabo, zigahigwa, kandi zigacuruzwa—akenshi mu izina ry’inyungu cyangwa uburyo bworoshye.
Mu kuvumbura ibi bibazo, dutumira gutekereza, inshingano, n’impinduka. Ibi ntabwo ari ubugome gusa—ni uburyo amahitamo yacu, imigenzo yacu, n'inganda zacu byaremye umuco wo kwigarurira abatishoboye. Gusobanukirwa izi nzira ni intambwe ya mbere yo kuzisenya—no kubaka isi aho impuhwe, ubutabera, no kubana neza biyobora umubano wacu n'ibiremwa byose bizima.

Ingendo ikomeje kwiyongera ku bijyanye n’ibiribwa bikomoka ku bimera byateje impinduka mu myitwarire y’abaguzi, irenga amahitamo y’imirire no mu bindi bice by’ubuzima bwa buri munsi. Izamuka ry’ibiribwa bikomoka ku bimera, bishyigikira imibereho ishingiye ku bimera no kwirinda gukoresha inyamaswa nabi, byatumye abantu benshi bashishikazwa n’imyambarire ikomoka ku bimera, ibicuruzwa by’ubwiza, n’imibereho ishingiye ku bidukikije. Uko abantu benshi bagenda bamenya ingaruka mbi z’inganda zikora imyambarire n’ubwiza ku bidukikije no ku mibereho myiza y’inyamaswa, barimo gushaka ubundi buryo bujyanye n’amahame mbwirizamuco yabo. Iyi mpinduka igana ku kurengera ibidukikije no kubirya by’umwihariko byatumye isoko ritera imbere ku bicuruzwa bikomoka ku bimera n’ibikomoka ku bimera bidafite ingaruka ku bidukikije. Muri iyi nkuru, tuzasuzuma isi y’imyambarire ikomoka ku bimera, ubwiza, n’imibereho ishingiye ku bidukikije, kandi tugenzure impamvu z’iyi gahunda n’ingaruka zayo ku nganda na sosiyete muri rusange. Binyuze muri ubu bushakashatsi, twizeye ko tuzagaragaza ibyiza bya…

Gukoresha inyamaswa nikibazo gikwirakwira muri societe yacu ibinyejana byinshi. Kuva gukoresha inyamaswa ibiryo, imyambaro, imyidagaduro, hamwe nubushakashatsi, gukoresha inyamaswa bimaze gushinga imizi mumico yacu. Bimaze kuba ibisanzwe kuburyo benshi muri twe tutabitekerezaho kabiri. Dukunze kubishimangira tuvuga tuti: "buriwese arabikora," cyangwa nukwizera gusa ko inyamaswa ari ibiremwa bito bigamije kuduha ibyo dukeneye. Nyamara, iyi mitekerereze ntabwo yangiza inyamaswa gusa ahubwo inangiza compas yacu. Igihe kirageze cyo kwigobotora iyi nzitizi yo gukoresha no gutekereza ku mibanire yacu n’inyamaswa. Muri iki kiganiro, tuzareba uburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha inyamaswa, ingaruka bigira kuri iyi si no kubayituye, nuburyo dushobora gufatanyiriza hamwe kwigobotora iyi nzitizi yangiza. Igihe kirageze ngo tujye kuri…

Guhinga uruganda bimaze kuba akamenyero gakomeye, guhindura uburyo abantu bakorana ninyamaswa no guhindura umubano wacu nabo muburyo bwimbitse. Ubu buryo bwo gutanga inyama nyinshi, amata, n'amagi bishyira imbere gukora neza ninyungu kuruta imibereho myiza yinyamaswa. Mugihe imirima yinganda ikura nini kandi igatera imbere mu nganda, bituma habaho itandukaniro rikomeye hagati yabantu ninyamaswa turya. Mugabanye inyamaswa kubicuruzwa gusa, ubuhinzi bwuruganda bugoreka imyumvire yacu yinyamanswa nkibinyabuzima bifite imyumvire ikwiye kubahwa nimpuhwe. Iyi ngingo irasobanura uburyo ubuhinzi bwuruganda bugira ingaruka mbi ku isano dufitanye n’inyamaswa ndetse n’ingaruka zagutse z’imyitwarire. Kwamburwa inyamaswa Intandaro yo guhinga uruganda ni ugutesha agaciro inyamaswa. Muri ibyo bikorwa byinganda, inyamaswa zifatwa nkibicuruzwa gusa, zititaye kubyo bakeneye cyangwa uburambe bwabo. Bakunze kugarukira ahantu hato, huzuye abantu, aho bangiwe umudendezo…

Ihohoterwa rikorerwa abana ningaruka zaryo ndende ryarigishijwe cyane kandi ryanditse. Ariko, ikintu kimwe gikunze kutamenyekana ni isano iri hagati yo guhohotera abana nibikorwa byubugome bwinyamaswa. Iyi sano yagaragaye kandi yizwe ninzobere mubyerekeranye na psychologiya, sociologie, n'imibereho myiza yinyamaswa. Mu myaka yashize, ibibazo by'ubugome bw'inyamaswa byagiye byiyongera kandi bimaze kuba impungenge kuri sosiyete yacu. Ingaruka zibyo bikorwa ntabwo zigira ingaruka ku nyamaswa zinzirakarengane gusa ahubwo zigira n'ingaruka zikomeye kubantu bakora ibikorwa nkibi. Binyuze mu bushakashatsi butandukanye bwakozwe nubuzima busanzwe, byagaragaye ko hari isano rikomeye hagati yihohoterwa rikorerwa abana nibikorwa byubugome bwinyamaswa. Iyi ngingo igamije gucengera cyane muriyi ngingo no gucukumbura impamvu zitera iri sano. Gusobanukirwa iyi sano ni ngombwa kugirango wirinde ibikorwa bizaza…

Ubugome bw’inyamaswa ni ikibazo gikwirakwira mu baturage mu binyejana byinshi, aho ibiremwa by’inzirakarengane bitabarika byahohotewe, kutita ku bikorwa, no gukoreshwa nabi. Nubwo hashyizweho ingamba zo gukumira iyi ngeso mbi, iracyari ikibazo cyiganje mu bice byinshi byisi. Ariko, hamwe niterambere ryihuse ryikoranabuhanga, ubu hariho urumuri rwicyizere mukurwanya ubugome bwinyamaswa. Kuva muburyo bukomeye bwo kugenzura amakuru kugeza kubuhanga bushya bwo gusesengura amakuru, ikoranabuhanga rihindura uburyo twegera iki kibazo cyingutu. Muri iki kiganiro, tuzasesengura uburyo butandukanye bukoreshwa mu ikoranabuhanga mu kurwanya ubugome bw’inyamaswa no kurinda icyubahiro n’imibereho myiza ya bagenzi bacu. Tuzareba kandi ingaruka ku myitwarire y’iri terambere n’uruhare abantu, imiryango, na guverinoma bigira mu gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ku nyungu nyinshi. Hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, turimo tubona impinduka igana kuri byinshi…

Ubuhinzi bwuruganda, uburyo bwateye imbere cyane kandi bukomeye bwo korora amatungo kubyara umusaruro, byabaye ikibazo cyibidukikije. Inzira yinyamanswa itanga ibiryo ntabwo itera gusa ibibazo byimyitwarire yimibereho yinyamaswa ahubwo inagira ingaruka mbi kwisi. Hano hari ibintu 11 by'ingenzi byerekeranye n'imirima y'uruganda n'ingaruka zabyo ku bidukikije: 1- Imirima minini y’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ni kimwe mu bigira uruhare runini mu kwangiza imyuka ihumanya ikirere ku isi, ikarekura metani na oxyde ya nitrous mu kirere. Iyi myuka irakomeye cyane kuruta dioxyde de carbone mu ruhare rwayo mu bushyuhe bw’isi, metani ikaba ifite inshuro zigera kuri 28 mu gufata ubushyuhe mu gihe cy’imyaka 100, na okiside ya nitrous ikubye inshuro 298. Inkomoko yambere y’ibyuka bya metani mu buhinzi bw’uruganda ikomoka ku nyamaswa z’amatungo, nk'inka, intama, n'ihene, zitanga metani nyinshi mu gihe cyo gusya…

Imiryango ishinzwe imibereho myiza y’inyamanswa iri ku isonga mu guhangana n’ubugome bw’inyamaswa, ikemura ibibazo byo kutita ku ihohoterwa, guhohoterwa, no gukoreshwa n’ubwitange budacogora. Mu gutabara no gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe inyamaswa zafashwe nabi, guharanira ko amategeko arengera amategeko, no kwigisha abaturage kwita ku mpuhwe, iyi miryango igira uruhare runini mu kurema isi itekanye ku binyabuzima byose. Imbaraga zabo zifatanije ninzego zubahiriza amategeko no kwiyemeza gukangurira abaturage ntibifasha gusa gukumira ubugome ahubwo binashishikarizwa gutunga amatungo ashinzwe no guhindura imibereho. Iyi ngingo iragaragaza akazi kabo gakomeye mu kurwanya ihohoterwa ry’inyamaswa mu gihe baharanira uburenganzira n’icyubahiro by’inyamaswa ahantu hose

Ingurube, izwiho ubwenge nuburebure bwamarangamutima, yihanganira imibabaro idashoboka muri gahunda yo guhinga uruganda. Kuva mubikorwa byo gupakira urugomo kugeza kubintu bitwara abantu nuburyo bwo kubaga abantu, ubuzima bwabo bugufi burangwa nubugome budashira. Iyi ngingo iragaragaza ukuri gukabije guhura n’izi nyamaswa zumva, zigaragaza ko byihutirwa impinduka mu nganda zishyira imbere inyungu kuruta imibereho myiza

Inkoko zirokoka ibintu biteye ubwoba byamazu ya broiler cyangwa akazu ka batiri akenshi bakorerwa ubugome bukabije kuko bajyanwa mubagiro. Izi nkoko, zororerwa gukura vuba kugirango zitange inyama, zihanganira ubuzima bwo kwifungisha bikabije nububabare bwumubiri. Nyuma yo kwihanganira ibintu byinshi, byanduye mumasuka, urugendo rwabo kubagiro ntakintu kibi kirimo. Buri mwaka, amamiriyoni yinkoko arwara amababa namaguru bivuye kumikorere mibi bahura nabyo mugihe cyo gutwara. Izi nyoni zoroshye akenshi zijugunywa hirya no hino nabi, bigatera imvune numubabaro. Kenshi na kenshi, kuva amaraso kugeza apfuye, ntibashobora kurokoka ihahamuka ryo guhurira mu bisanduku byuzuye abantu. Urugendo rugana ibagiro, rushobora kurambura ibirometero amagana, rwiyongera ku mibabaro. Inkoko zapakiwe cyane mu kato nta mwanya wo kwimuka, kandi nta biryo cyangwa amazi bahabwa…

Amamiriyoni y'inka yihanganira imibabaro myinshi mu nganda z’inyama n’amata, ibibazo byabo ahanini bikaba bitagaragara mu bantu. Kuva aho abantu buzuye, buzuye amakamyo atwara abantu kugeza ibihe byanyuma biteye ubwoba mu ibagiro, izo nyamaswa zumva zihura n’uburangare n’ubugome bidasubirwaho. Yanze ibikenerwa byibanze nkibiryo, amazi, nuburuhukiro mugihe cyurugendo rurerure mugihe cyikirere gikabije, benshi bahitanwa numunaniro cyangwa ibikomere mbere yuko bagera aho berekeza. Mu ibagiro, ibikorwa biterwa ninyungu akenshi bituma inyamaswa ziguma zifite ubwenge mugihe cyubugome. Iyi ngingo iragaragaza ihohoterwa rishingiye ku nganda ryashinze imizi muri izo nganda mu gihe riharanira ko abantu barushaho kumenyekana no guhindura amahitamo ashingiye ku bimera nk'inzira y'impuhwe zitera imbere