Amatungo ya Mugenzi - Humane Foundation

Inyamaswa zigendana n’inyamaswa—nk’imbwa, injangwe, inyoni, n’izindi nyamaswa zo mu rugo—zifite umwanya wihariye mu muryango w’abantu, akenshi zifatwa nk’abagize umuryango n’inshuti zizewe. Kuba zihari bitanga ibyishimo, inkunga y’amarangamutima, n’isano rikomeye rigaragaza isano ikomeye hagati y’abantu n’inyamaswa. Ariko, nubwo hari uyu mubano wihariye, inyamaswa nyinshi zigendana n’inyamaswa hirya no hino ku isi zikomeje guhura n’ibibazo byo kutitabwaho, gutereranwa, guhohoterwa no gukoreshwa nabi. Ibibazo nk’inganda z’imbwa, korora nabi, kutagira ubuvuzi bw’amatungo bukwiye, no gutereranwa bitewe n’imimerere ihinduka y’abantu bigira uruhare mu mibabaro ikunze kwihisha inyuma y’ishusho y’urukundo y’amatungo.
Imbogamizi zikikije inyamaswa zigendana nazo zitera ibibazo ku nshingano n’amahame mbwirizamuco. Ubwinshi bw’abaturage buterwa no korora mu buryo budakurikije amategeko butuma inyamaswa za miriyoni zijya mu macumbi, aho nyinshi zihura n’ikibazo cyo gupfa kubera kubura amazu. Byongeye kandi, imigenzo imwe n’imwe y’umuco, ibibazo by’ubukungu, ndetse n’imyitwarire y’abaguzi bishobora gutuma amatungo ahinduka ibicuruzwa aho kuyafata nk’ibiremwa bifite ubwenge bikwiye kwitabwaho no kubahwa. Ibi bitera uruhererekane rw’imibabaro isaba impinduka mu buryo bw’imikorere binyuze mu burezi, amategeko, n’ibikorwa by’impuhwe mu baturage.
Iki cyiciro gisuzuma ingorane n’ibisubizo bijyanye n’amatungo zigendana n’inyamaswa. Ishimangira akamaro ko kwakira inyamaswa kuruta kuzigura mu borozi, gukenera uburinzi bukomeye mu mategeko, uruhare rwa gahunda zo kugabanya ubucucike bw’inyamaswa n’izidafite aho zibohoye mu kugabanya umubare w’inyamaswa zikomoka ku matungo, n’inshingano z’abantu zo gutanga ahantu hatekanye kandi habungabungwa. Mu kuzamura ubumenyi no gushishikariza abantu guhitamo neza, umuryango ushobora kwerekeza ku hazaza aho inyamaswa zose zijyana nazo zifatwa neza, zigakundwa, kandi zigahabwa icyubahiro nk’ibiremwa bisangiye mu isi yacu.

Umubano wacu ninyamaswa urangwa no kwivuguruza gukomeye, gushingiye kumico gakondo, gutekereza kubitekerezo, no guhuza amarangamutima. Kuva mu matungo akunzwe atanga ubusabane n'amatungo yororerwa ibiryo cyangwa ibiremwa bikoreshwa mu myidagaduro, uburyo tubona kandi dufata inyamaswa bugaragaza imikoranire igoye yo kubaha no gukoreshwa. Iyi myumvire ivuguruzanya iraduhatira guhangana n’ingorabahizi zishingiye ku mibereho y’inyamaswa, kuramba, ndetse n’ibinyabuzima - bidutera gutekereza cyane ku kuntu amahitamo yacu agira ingaruka ku buzima bwa buri muntu ndetse n’isi muri rusange?

Inyoni ni ibiremwa bikurura bizwi kubera amabara meza, indirimbo zitoroshye, hamwe na kamere yo gukina. Mu binyejana byashize, abantu barabashimye, akenshi babigumana nk'amatungo mu kato. Ariko rero, kugumisha inyoni mu kato biramenyekana ko byangiza ubuzima bwabo, biganisha ku mubabaro ku mubiri no mu mutwe. Iyi ngingo irasobanura impamvu kugumisha inyoni mu kato byangiza ubuzima bwabo n’ibyishimo, ikanasobanura ingaruka zikomeye zo kwifungisha ku myitwarire yabo isanzwe, imibanire myiza, n’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe. Ubuzima Kamere bwinyoni: Isi Yubwisanzure nubusabane Mubusozi, inyoni ni ibiremwa byimibereho cyane, bikozwe muburyo bwimiterere yibidukikije. Ntabwo ari ibiremwa byonyine ahubwo bitera imbere mumiryango ifite imbaraga, ifitanye isano ibafasha kumarangamutima no mumubiri. Bitandukanye no kubaho kwonyine inyoni nyinshi zifunze zihura nazo, bagenzi babo bo mwishyamba bakora ubumwe bukomeye, ubuzima bwabo bwose hamwe nabakunzi babo, bigatuma habaho urusobe rwimibanire…

Ihohoterwa ry’inyamanswa ni ikibazo gikomeye kandi kibabaje gifata uburyo butandukanye, uhereye ku kutita ku ihohoterwa n’ihohoterwa ry’umubiri kugeza ku mitekerereze mibi. Ni ikibazo kitoroshye cyatewe nimpamvu nyinshi zitanga umusanzu, harimo kubura amashuri, ingorane zubukungu, ibibazo byubuzima bwo mumutwe, n imyumvire yumuco ku nyamaswa. Iri hohoterwa ntabwo ryangiza inyamaswa zirimo gusa ahubwo rifite ingaruka nini muri societe, akenshi rifitanye isano nubundi bwoko bwihohoterwa. Iyi ngingo iracengera muburyo butandukanye bwo guhohotera inyamaswa ziherekejwe, zitanga isesengura rirambuye ryuburyo butandukanye inyamaswa zifatwa nabi, haba kubirengagiza, guhunika, ihohoterwa ryumubiri, cyangwa kubabaza amarangamutima. Byongeye kandi, irasuzuma impamvu zifatika zigira uruhare muri iyo myitwarire yangiza, ikerekana impamvu abantu bamwe bashobora kwishora mubikorwa nkibi. Byongeye kandi, ingingo ishimangira akamaro ko kumenya no kwigisha mukumenya ibimenyetso byo guhohotera inyamaswa. Irasobanura uburyo buri wese muri twe,…

Isano ryimbitse hagati yabantu ninyamanswa rirenga igihe, riva mubufatanye bwa utilitarian kugera kumurongo wamarangamutima cyane atungisha ubuzima bwacu muburyo butabarika. Kuva mumico ya kera aho inyamanswa zubahwa nkabarinda ninshuti kugeza ingo zigezweho aho inyamanswa zikundwa nabagize umuryango, iyi mibanire yakomeje guhindura umuco wabantu n'imibereho myiza. Muri iki gihe, inyamanswa ntizitanga gusa urukundo rutagira icyo rushingiraho, ahubwo zitanga inyungu zikomeye zo mu mutwe, mu marangamutima, no ku mubiri - kugabanya imihangayiko, kugabanya irungu, gushishikariza imyitozo ngororamubiri, ndetse no gufasha mu kuvura. Iyi ngingo iracengera mu bucuti burambye hagati yabantu na bagenzi babo b’inyamanswa, ishakisha uburyo iyi mibanire itezimbere ubuzima bwacu mugihe hagaragajwe ubwitonzi bushimangira ubwo bufatanye budasanzwe.

Kutagira inyamanswa ni ikibazo cyisi yose yibasira miriyoni zinyamaswa buri mwaka. Injangwe n'imbwa byangiritse bihura n'ibibazo byinshi, birimo kubura aho kuba, ibiryo, no kwivuza. Ariko, hamwe nimbaraga rusange, turashobora kugira icyo duhindura no guha aya matungo amazu meza kandi yuje urukundo akwiye. Hano hari inzira zifatika zafasha kurangiza amazu atagira aho aba: 1. Sobanukirwa nimpamvu zitera urugo rwamatungo Amatungo menshi atagira aho aba yararangije muri ibyo bihe kubera ibihe bitabaturutseho. Mugihe bamwe bashobora gutereranwa cyangwa kubura, abandi benshi usanga badafite inzu kubera ibintu bigira ingaruka kuri ba nyirabyo. Ingorane zamafaranga, kurugero, zirashobora gutuma bidashoboka ba nyiri amatungo kubitaho no kubakira amatungo yabo akeneye. Imiterere yubuvuzi cyangwa uburwayi butunguranye muri ba nyirabyo birashobora gutuma badashobora kwita kubitungwa byabo, rimwe na rimwe bigatuma inyamanswa zishyikirizwa aho ziherereye cyangwa zigatereranwa. Amazu…

Kubona inyamaswa zizerera zizerera mu mihanda cyangwa zirembye mu buhungiro nibutsa umutima wibibazo bikomeje kwiyongera: kutagira aho uba mu nyamaswa. Amamiriyoni y'injangwe, imbwa, n'andi matungo ku isi abaho adafite amazu ahoraho, ashobora kwibasirwa n'inzara, indwara, ndetse n'ihohoterwa. Gusobanukirwa nintandaro yiki kibazo no gufata ingamba zifatika zo kubikemura birashobora kugira itandukaniro ryimbitse. Kuri buri mbwa cyangwa injangwe byamahirwe yishimira urugo rwiza kandi urukundo rutagira akagero rwumurinzi wumuntu witanze, hariho abandi batabarika ubuzima bwabo bwaranzwe ningorane, kutitaho, nububabare. Izi nyamaswa zihura n’ibibazo bitavugwa, ziharanira kubaho mu mihanda cyangwa kwihanganira gufatwa nabi n’abantu badafite ubushobozi, abatishoboye, barengerwa, uburangare, cyangwa bahohotera. Benshi barambaraye mu nyamaswa zuzuye abantu, bizeye umunsi bazabona urugo rwuje urukundo. Imbwa, bakunze kwitwa "inshuti magara yumuntu," akenshi bahura nubuzima bwo kubabazwa. Benshi…

Inkwavu muri rusange ni nzima, zikora, hamwe n’imibereho, ariko kimwe ninyamaswa zose, zirashobora kurwara. Nka nyamaswa zihiga, akenshi zihisha ububabare bwazo nuburangare, bigatuma bigora ba nyirubwite kumenya indwara hakiri kare. Kumenya ibimenyetso byo kuburira indwara murukwavu ningirakamaro kugirango amatungo yawe ameze neza. Muri iki kiganiro, tuzasesengura ibimenyetso bimwe bitangaje ugomba kureba, bishobora kugufasha gufata ibibazo byubuzima mbere yuko biba bikomeye. Urukwavu rwose ni ibiremwa bifite akamenyero, ndetse no gutandukana gato nimyitwarire yabo isanzwe birashobora kuba ikimenyetso cyingenzi cyibibazo byubuzima. Kubera ko inkwavu zikunda guhisha ibibazo byazo cyangwa uburwayi bitewe na kamere yazo nk'inyamaswa zihiga, ni ngombwa kwitondera impinduka zoroshye. Niba urukwavu rwawe rukora "off" muburyo ubwo aribwo bwose - bwaba ari impinduka mu ngeso yo kurya, imyitwarire, cyangwa isura igaragara - bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cyuko ikintu…

Indyo ishingiye ku bimera ku matungo yagiye ikundwa cyane mu myaka yashize, aho abafite amatungo menshi kandi benshi bahitamo kugaburira bagenzi babo b'ubwoya indyo igizwe gusa n'ibimera. Iyi myumvire yatewe ahanini n’inyungu zigenda ziyongera ku mirire ishingiye ku bimera ku bantu no kwizera ko indyo ishingiye ku bimera ari amahitamo meza ku bantu no ku nyamaswa. Icyakora, iyi mpinduka yerekeza ku mirire ishingiye ku bimera ku matungo nayo yateje impaka hagati y’abatunze amatungo, abaveterineri, n’inzobere mu mirire y’inyamaswa. Mu gihe bamwe bemeza ko indyo ishingiye ku bimera ishobora gutanga ubuzima butandukanye ku matungo, abandi bakavuga ko idashobora gutanga intungamubiri zikenewe ku buzima bwiza ndetse ko ishobora no kwangiza ubuzima bwabo. Ibi biganisha ku kibazo: indyo ishingiye ku bimera kubitungwa bifite ubuzima bwiza cyangwa byangiza? Muri iki kiganiro, tuzasesengura ibyiza n'ibibi byo kugaburira amatungo indyo ishingiye ku bimera, ishyigikiwe na siyansi…