Kwangiza ibidukikije - Humane Foundation

Muri iki gice, menya uburyo ubuhinzi bw'inganda butera kwangirika kw'ibidukikije ku rugero runini. Kuva ku miyoboro y'amazi yanduye kugeza ku miterere y'urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima iri gusenyuka, iki cyiciro kigaragaza byose ukeneye kumenya ku buryo ubuhinzi bw'inganda bushyira mu kaga isi twese dusangiye. Suzuma ingaruka zikomeye zo gusenya umutungo kamere, gutema amashyamba, kwangirika k'ikirere n'amazi, ibura ry'ibinyabuzima, n'ingaruka z'imirire ishingiye ku nyamaswa ku kibazo cy'ikirere.
Inyuma ya buri buhinzi bukomeye hari uruhererekane rw'ibyangiza ibidukikije: amashyamba yakuweho kugira ngo atunganywe n'inyamaswa, aho gutura hangiritse kugira ngo habeho urwuri, n'amazi menshi n'ibinyampeke byoherezwa mu matungo aho kugezwa ku bantu. Imyuka ya methane iva mu matungo, ifumbire y'ibinyabutabire itemba, hamwe n'ingufu zisabwa mu gukonjesha no gutwara ibintu byose bihurira hamwe kugira ngo ubuhinzi bw'amatungo bube bumwe mu nganda zangiza ibidukikije cyane ku Isi. Bukoresha ubutaka, bugakuraho amazi, kandi bugahumanya urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima - mu gihe bwihishe inyuma y'igitekerezo cy'imikorere myiza.
Mu gusuzuma ibi bintu, duhatirwa kwibaza atari uko inyamaswa zifatwa gusa, ahubwo n'uko amahitamo yacu y'ibiribwa agira uruhare mu hazaza h'isi. Kwangiza ibidukikije si ingaruka mbi cyane - ni ingaruka zitaziguye z'uburyo bwubatswe ku gukoresha ibintu byinshi. Gusobanukirwa ingano y'irimbuka ni intambwe ya mbere igana ku mpinduka, kandi iki cyiciro gitanga urumuri ku mpamvu zihutirwa zo kwerekeza ku buryo burambye kandi burangwa n'impuhwe.

Ubuhinzi bw'amatungo mu nganda, buzwi kandi nk'ubuhinzi bw'inganda, bwabaye uburyo bwiganje bwo gukora inyama, amata, n'amagi mu myaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo. Ubu buryo bwo gukora busaba ko amatungo afungirwa cyane mu bigo binini, hakoreshejwe uburyo nko gukoresha imiti igabanya ubukana bw'ibinyabuzima n'imiti yica udukoko kugira ngo umusaruro wiyongere. Nubwo ubu buryo bwatumye habaho ingano nini y'inyama zihendutse, bwanazanye ingaruka nyinshi mu by'umuco, ibidukikije, n'ubuzima. Kuva ku kuvura amatungo kugeza ku ngaruka ku isi yacu no ku mibereho myiza yacu, ingaruka zo kubyara amatungo mu nganda ziragera kure kandi zateje impungenge zikomeye mu baguzi, abaharanira inyungu, n'impuguke mu by'ubuzima. Muri iyi nkuru, tuzareba ku ngingo z'amahame agenga uburyo amatungo afatwa mu nganda, ingaruka z'ubu buryo ku bidukikije, n'ingaruka zishobora guterwa n'ubuzima zijyanye no kurya ibicuruzwa biva mu buhinzi bw'amatungo mu nganda. Dukoresheje uburyo bwo gusuzuma izi ngingo eshatu z'ingenzi,…

Mu myaka ya vuba aha, hakomeje kubaho impungenge ku ngaruka z’ibiribwa duhitamo ku bidukikije. Ikintu kimwe cyihariye cyasuzumwe ni umusaruro w’inyama n’uruhare rwazo mu ibyuka bihumanya ikirere. Kubera kwiyongera kw’abarya inyama n’ibiribwa bishingiye ku bimera, habayeho impinduka mu gushaka ubundi buryo bwo kurya inyama aho gukoresha inyama gakondo. Ariko, uburyo inyama zikora karubone ugereranije n’uburyo zikora ibikomoka ku bimera ni ingingo igoye kandi ifite ibisobanuro birambuye. Ikubiyemo ibintu bitandukanye nko gukoresha ubutaka, amazi akoreshwa, n’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere. Muri iyi nkuru, tuzareba ingaruka za karubone mu gukora inyama kandi tubigereranye n’izindi zikomoka ku bimera. Binyuze mu gusuzuma ubushakashatsi n’amakuru agezweho, tuzasuzuma ingaruka z’ibi biribwa bibiri ku bidukikije kandi tugaragaze ibyiza n’imbogamizi zishobora guterwa no guhinduka mu ndyo ikomoka ku bimera. Dukurikije uburyo ibiryo bitera karubone, …

Murakaza neza ku buyobozi bwacu bwuzuye bwo kurya ibikomoka ku bimera! Uko indyo ikomoka ku bimera ikomeza kwiyongera, abantu benshi barimo gushaka uburyo bwo gushyiramo imbuto nyinshi, imboga, ibinyampeke, n'ibinyamisogwe mu mafunguro yabo. Waba uri umutangizi cyangwa uri gutekereza guhindura indyo ikomoka ku nyama, iyi nyandiko izaguha amakuru yose ukeneye kugira ngo umenye isi yo kurya ibikomoka ku bimera. Amasomo y'ibanze yo kurya ibikomoka ku bimera Kurya ibikomoka ku bimera ni iki mu by'ukuri kandi kuki birushaho gukundwa? Kurya ibikomoka ku bimera bivuga indyo yibanda cyane cyane ku kurya ibikomoka ku bimera, nk'imbuto, imboga, ibinyampeke byuzuye, ibinyamisogwe, imbuto n'imbuto. Bikuraho cyangwa bikagabanya ikoreshwa ry'ibikomoka ku matungo, harimo inyama, amata, amagi, n'ibikomoka ku mafi. Iri hitamo ry'indyo ririmo gukundwa bitewe n'inyungu zaryo ku buzima, kwita ku mahame mbwirizamuco, no kubungabunga ibidukikije. Abantu benshi bahitamo…

Nkuko abatuye isi bakomeje kwiyongera, ni nako ibikenerwa mu biribwa. Imwe mu nkomoko y'ibanze ya poroteyine mu mafunguro yacu ni inyama, kandi kubera iyo mpamvu, kurya inyama byazamutse cyane mu myaka yashize. Nyamara, umusaruro winyama ufite ingaruka zikomeye kubidukikije. By'umwihariko, kwiyongera kw'inyama bigira uruhare mu gutema amashyamba no gutakaza aho gutura, bikaba bibangamira urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima ndetse n'ubuzima bw'isi yacu. Muri iyi ngingo, tuzasuzuma isano iri hagati yo kurya inyama, gutema amashyamba, no gutakaza aho tuba. Tuzasesengura ibyingenzi byingenzi byiyongera ku nyama ziyongera, ingaruka z’umusaruro w’inyama ku gutema amashyamba no gutakaza aho tuba, hamwe n’ibisubizo byakemuka kugira ngo ibyo bibazo bikemuke. Mugusobanukirwa isano iri hagati yo kurya inyama, gutema amashyamba, no gutakaza aho tuba, dushobora gukora kugirango dushyireho ejo hazaza heza kuri iyi si yacu ndetse natwe ubwacu. Kurya inyama bigira ingaruka ku mashyamba…

Ubworozi bwabaye igice cyingenzi mumico yabantu mumyaka ibihumbi, bitanga isoko yingenzi yibiribwa nubuzima kubaturage kwisi yose. Nyamara, kwiyongera no gukaza umurego mu nganda mumyaka mirongo ishize byagize ingaruka zikomeye kubuzima no gutandukana kwibinyabuzima byisi. Gukenera ibikomoka ku nyamaswa, biterwa n’ubwiyongere bw’abaturage no guhindura imirire, byatumye ubworozi bw’ubworozi bwaguka, bituma habaho imikoreshereze y’ubutaka no kwangiza aho gutura. Ibi byagize ingaruka zikomeye ku binyabuzima, amoko menshi ahura n’ibinyabuzima ndetse n’ibinyabuzima byahinduwe ku buryo budasubirwaho. Mugihe dukomeje kwishingikiriza ku bworozi bwamatungo kugirango tubatunge kandi tuzamure ubukungu, ni ngombwa gusuzuma no gukemura ingaruka z’inganda ziterwa no gutakaza urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima. Muri iki kiganiro, tuzasuzuma uburyo butandukanye uburyo ubworozi bwagize uruhare mu gutakaza urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima ndetse n’ibisubizo bishoboka…

Ubworozi bw'uruganda, buzwi kandi nk'ubuhinzi mu nganda, bwabaye uburyo bwiganje mu gutanga ibiribwa mu bihugu byinshi ku isi. Ubu buryo bukubiyemo korora ubwinshi bwamatungo ahantu hafunzwe, intego nyamukuru yo kongera umusaruro ninyungu. Nubwo bisa nkuburyo bwiza bwo kugaburira abaturage biyongera, ingaruka mbi zubuhinzi bwuruganda kubidukikije ndetse nibidukikije muri rusange ntibishobora kwirengagizwa. Kuva kwanduza amasoko y'amazi kugeza kurimbura ahantu nyaburanga, ingaruka zubu buryo bwubuhinzi bwateye imbere ziragera kure kandi ni mbi. Muri iki kiganiro, tuzacukumbura cyane ku ngaruka mbi z’ubuhinzi bw’uruganda ku bidukikije byaho, tunasuzume uburyo dushobora gukangurira abantu kumenya iki kibazo cy’ingutu. Mugusobanukirwa aho ikibazo kigeze no gufata ingamba zo kugikemura, dushobora gukora kugirango dushyireho gahunda y'ibiribwa birambye kandi bitangiza ibidukikije…

Muraho, abakunzi b'inyamaswa n'inshuti zita ku bidukikije! Uyu munsi, tugiye kwibira mu ngingo ishobora kuba idashimishije kuganira, ariko imwe ifite akamaro gakomeye: imirima yinganda. Ibi bikorwa bikomeye ntabwo ari ugukora ibiryo ku rugero runini - bigira uruhare runini mu gukwirakwiza indwara no kwangiza ibidukikije. Reka dusuzume uruhande rwijimye rwo guhinga uruganda n'impamvu ari ngombwa gukemura ibyo bibazo. Kwanduza indwara mu mirima y'uruganda Kimwe mu bintu bihangayikishije imirima y'uruganda ni uburyo bishobora guhinduka ahantu ho kororera indwara. Shushanya ibi: inyamaswa zipakiye hamwe ahantu hafunzwe, byoroshye byoroshye indwara gukwirakwira nkumuriro. Kuba hafi no mubihe bitesha umutwe bigabanya intege nke z'umubiri wabo, bigatuma barwara indwara. Ibi na byo, byongera ibyago byo kwandura indwara mu nyamaswa ziri mu murima. Ni iki ndetse…

Inyanja ifite hejuru ya 70% yubuso bwisi kandi ibamo ubuzima butandukanye bwamazi yo mumazi. Mu myaka yashize, icyifuzo cy’ibikomoka ku nyanja cyatumye ubworozi bw’inyanja n’amafi bwiyongera nk’uburobyi burambye. Iyi mirima, izwi kandi ku bworozi bw'amafi, bakunze kuvugwa nk'igisubizo cyo kuroba cyane ndetse n'uburyo bwo guhaza ibikenerwa byo mu nyanja bigenda byiyongera. Nyamara, munsi yubuso hari ukuri kwijimye kwingaruka iyi mirima igira kubidukikije byamazi. Nubwo bisa nkibisubizo hejuru, ukuri nuko ubworozi bwinyanja n’amafi bushobora kugira ingaruka mbi kubidukikije ndetse ninyamaswa zita inyanja murugo. Muri iyi ngingo, tuzacengera cyane mu bworozi bw’inyanja n’amafi kandi dushyire ahagaragara ingaruka zihishe zibangamira urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima byo mu mazi. Kuva mu gukoresha antibiotike n'imiti yica udukoko kugeza…

Mu gihe abatuye isi bakomeje kwiyongera no gukenera ibiribwa byiyongera, inganda z’ubuhinzi zirahura n’igitutu cyinshi kugira ngo ibyo bikenerwa ari nako bigabanya ingaruka z’ibidukikije. Kimwe mu bihangayikishije ni umusaruro w’inyama, wagize uruhare runini mu myuka ihumanya ikirere, gutema amashyamba, no kwanduza amazi. Nyamara, igisubizo cyizewe gikurura abantu mubuhinzi nubuhinzi bushya. Ubu buryo bwo guhinga, bushingiye ku mahame yo kuramba no kuringaniza ibidukikije, byibanda ku kubaka ubutaka bwiza no kugarura urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima. Mugushira imbere ubuzima bwubutaka, ubuhinzi bushya bufite ubushobozi bwo kutazamura ubwiza bwibiribwa byakozwe gusa, ahubwo binagabanya ingaruka mbi z’ibidukikije ku musaruro w’inyama. Muri iki kiganiro, tuzasuzuma icyerekezo cy’ubuhinzi bushya n’ubushobozi bwacyo bwo gukemura ibibazo by’ibidukikije biterwa n’umusaruro w’inyama. Tuzacengera siyanse inyuma yubuhanga bwo guhinga, inyungu zayo,…