Kwipimisha Ibikoko: Byihuta, Bihendutse, nuburyo bwizewe

Mu myaka yashize, isi yiboneye impinduka zikomeye mubushakashatsi bwa siyanse, cyane cyane mubijyanye no kwipimisha no kwisiga. Kwipimisha inyamaswa gakondo, bimaze kugaragara nkuburyo bukenewe bwo kurinda umutekano n’ibikorwa by’ibicuruzwa, biragenda bigorana kubera uburyo bwo gupima inyamaswa. Ubundi buryo bushya bwo guhanga udushya ntibusezeranya gusa kuba abantu gusa ahubwo byihuta, bihendutse, kandi byizewe kuruta bagenzi babo bashingiye ku nyamaswa.

Imico y'akagari

Imico y'akagari yabaye igikoresho cy'ingenzi mu bushakashatsi bwa siyansi bugezweho, butuma abahanga bakura kandi biga ingirabuzimafatizo z'abantu n'inyamaswa hanze y'umubiri. Mubyukuri ubwoko bwose bwingirabuzimafatizo zabantu ninyamaswa, kuva selile zuruhu kugeza neuron na selile yumwijima, birashobora guterwa neza muri laboratoire. Ibi byatumye abashakashatsi bashakisha imikorere yimbere ya selile muburyo butari bushoboka. Imico y'utugari ihingwa mu biryo bya petri cyangwa flasque zuzuye itangazamakuru rikungahaye ku ntungamubiri zunganira imikurire yazo. Igihe kirenze, utugingo ngengabuzima dushobora kwigana, bigatuma abashakashatsi bakomeza gutanga ubushakashatsi buhoraho. Ubu buryo butanga ibidukikije bigenzurwa aho abahanga bashobora gukoresha impinduka nkubushyuhe, urugero rwa ogisijeni, hamwe n’ibigize imiti kugirango basobanukirwe neza imyitwarire ya selile. Byongeye kandi, abahanga bashoboye kujyana imico ya selile kurwego rukurikira bahuza ingirabuzimafatizo kugirango bakure muburyo bugoye bwa 3D. Iyi mico ya selile ya 3D irahambaye cyane kuko yigana uburyo selile zisanzwe zitunganya ibinyabuzima. Aho gukura neza hejuru, nko mumico gakondo ya 2D, selile mumico ya 3D irashobora gukora imiterere isa ningingo cyangwa ingirangingo, bigaha abashakashatsi icyitegererezo cyukuri cyibinyabuzima byabantu. Izi ngingo ntoya zabantu, zizwi nka organoide, zirashobora kwigana ibintu bigoye byingingo zabantu, bigatanga amakuru menshi yo gusobanukirwa indwara, gupima ibiyobyabwenge, no gusuzuma uburyo bwo kuvura.

Inzego-kuri-Chips

Bumwe mu buryo bushimishije kandi bushya bwo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga mu muco w’akagari ni ugushinga “ingingo-kuri-chip.” Ibi bikoresho bito, microfluidic byashizweho kugirango bigane imikorere yingingo zabantu zose muburyo buto. Ingirabuzimafatizo z'umuntu zifite imico muri utwo dukoko, zirimo imiyoboro n'ibyumba bigana imiterere ya physiologique iboneka mu mubiri w'umuntu. Chips yagenewe kwigana umuvuduko wamaraso, intungamubiri, nibicuruzwa biva mu myanda, bigakora ibidukikije byerekana neza imikorere yimbere yingingo zifatika. Inzego-kuri-chip zirashobora gukorwa kugirango bigane ingingo zitandukanye zabantu, harimo ibihaha, umwijima, umutima, impyiko, n amara. Ibi bikoresho bitanga ubundi buryo butanga ikizere cyo gupima inyamaswa kuko zemerera abashakashatsi kureba ingaruka zibiyobyabwenge, imiti, nindwara kumubiri umeze nkabantu badakoresheje inyamaswa. Kurugero, ibihaha-kuri-chip bikoreshwa mugupima uburyo ibintu bihumeka, nkibyuka bihumanya ikirere cyangwa imiti, bigira ingaruka kumubiri. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, umwijima-kuri-chip ukoreshwa mu kwiga uburyo ibiyobyabwenge bihindagurika ndetse n’uburyo bishobora gutera uburozi mu mwijima. Ukoresheje ingirabuzimafatizo z'umuntu aho gukoresha ingirabuzimafatizo, ingingo-kuri-chip zitanga ibisubizo nyabyo, bifatika, kandi byerekana ubuzima bwabantu. Iyi chip ihindura ibizamini byibiyobyabwenge itanga uburyo bwihuse, buhenze cyane, nubumuntu bwo gusuzuma umutekano nuburyo bwiza bwo kuvura bushya, bukaba igikoresho cyingirakamaro mubushakashatsi bwibinyabuzima no guteza imbere imiti.

Ingaruka ku bushakashatsi bwubuvuzi no guteza imbere ibiyobyabwenge

Imico y'utugari yagize uruhare runini mugutezimbere gusobanukirwa ubuzima bwabantu nindwara. Bagize uruhare runini mu iterambere ry’ubushakashatsi mu buvuzi, cyane cyane mu bice nka kanseri, sepsis, indwara z’impyiko, na sida. Urugero, mu bushakashatsi bwa kanseri, abahanga bakoresha imico y'utugingo kugira ngo bige imikurire y'uturemangingo tw’ibibyimba no gusuzuma ingaruka z'imiti itandukanye kuri selile. Izi moderi zituma hasuzumwa imiti mishya ya anticancer, ifasha kumenya imiti ishobora kuvurwa mbere y ibizamini byo kwa muganga. Mu bushakashatsi bw’indwara ya sepsis n’impyiko, imico y’akagari ikoreshwa mu kwigana ingaruka zandura cyangwa imikorere mibi y’ingingo, bigatuma abahanga mu bya siyansi biga ku mikorere ya molekile ishingiye kuri ibi bihe. Ku ndwara nka sida, imico y'utugingo ifasha abashakashatsi gusuzuma uburyo virusi itera sida yanduza selile, uko yiyongera, n'uburyo imiti ishobora gukumira cyangwa kugenzura ikwirakwizwa ryayo. Ubu bwoko burambuye, bugenzurwa ningirakamaro mugutezimbere imiti mishya no kunoza imyumvire yindwara zikomeye.

Usibye ubushakashatsi bwindwara, imico yutugari ikoreshwa mubindi bikorwa bitandukanye byingenzi, harimo gupima umutekano w’imiti , gutanga inkingo , no guteza imbere ibiyobyabwenge . Mu gupima umutekano w’imiti, selile zihura nibintu bitandukanye kugirango zisuzume uburozi bwazo, bigabanye gukenera kwipimisha inyamaswa kandi bigafasha abashakashatsi kumenya vuba imiti ifite umutekano mukoresha abantu. Mu gutanga inkingo, imico y'utugari ikoreshwa mu gukura virusi, hanyuma igakoreshwa mu gukora inkingo zishobora kurinda umutekano indwara zanduye. Ubu buryo bwihuta kandi bukora neza kuruta uburyo gakondo, aho virusi yakundaga gukorerwa mu nyamaswa. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, mugutezimbere ibiyobyabwenge, imico y'utugari ikoreshwa mugupima uburyo ibice bishya bikorana ningirabuzimafatizo zabantu, bitanga amakuru yingirakamaro kubijyanye n'ingaruka zabyo n'ingaruka zabyo. Ukoresheje imico y'utugari muri utwo turere tw’ingenzi, abahanga barashobora kwihutisha umuvuduko wo guhanga udushya mu gihe bareba ko imiti n'ibicuruzwa bifite umutekano, bikora neza, kandi bifitanye isano n'abantu. Kubera iyo mpamvu, tekinike yumuco w'akagari ubu ifatwa nkigice cyingenzi cyibikoresho bikoresha imiti, bifasha gutera imbere mubuvuzi no kuzamura ubuzima bwabantu ku isi yose.

Ibice byabantu

Gukoresha ingirangingo zabantu mubushakashatsi bwa siyansi bitanga uburyo bwingenzi kandi bwuzuye bwo kwiga ibinyabuzima nindwara byabantu kuruta gupima inyamaswa gakondo. Uturemangingo twabantu, twaba dufite ubuzima bwiza cyangwa turwaye, nibyingenzi mugusobanukirwa ingorane zubuzima bwabantu. Kimwe mu byiza byingenzi byo gukoresha tissue yumuntu mubushakashatsi nuko itanga ubushishozi bwukuntu umubiri wumuntu ukora nuburyo indwara zibigiraho. Mugihe icyitegererezo cyinyamanswa cyagiye mu mateka yubushakashatsi bwibinyabuzima, ntibushobora kwigana ibintu byuzuye bya physiologiya na genetike, biganisha ku itandukaniro muburyo bugenda bwiterambere nuburyo bwo kuvura bitera. Mugukoresha imyenda yatanzwe nabakorerabushake bwabantu, abashakashatsi barushaho gusobanukirwa neza kandi bifatika kubinyabuzima byabantu. Izi nyama zishobora guturuka ahantu hatandukanye, ziha abashakashatsi ibikoresho byinshi byo kwiga ibihe bitandukanye no guteza imbere imiti myiza.

Ibice byabantu birashobora gutangwa muburyo butandukanye, nko muburyo bwo kubaga. Ingero za tissue akenshi zegeranijwe mugihe cyo kubagwa nka biopsies, kubaga cosmetic, no guhinduranya ingingo. Kurugero, abarwayi barimo kubagwa kubwimpamvu zitandukanye barashobora kwemera gutanga ingirangingo zimwe zishobora gukoreshwa mubushakashatsi. Izi nyama, nk'uruhu, ijisho, umwijima, hamwe n'ibihaha, bifite agaciro gakomeye ku bahanga bakora kugira ngo basobanukirwe n'indwara nka kanseri, indwara z'uruhu, n'imiterere y'amaso. By'umwihariko, imiterere y'uruhu ikozwe mu ruhu rwabantu rwahinduwe byahindutse igikoresho gikomeye mubushakashatsi bwa siyansi. Izi ngero zemerera kwiga indwara zuruhu, ingaruka zimiti itandukanye, no gupima amavuta yo kwisiga cyangwa ibindi bintu utifashishije uburyo bwo gupima inyamaswa zubugome kandi zishaje, nkikizamini cyo kurakara amaso yinkwavu. Uruhu rwabantu rwahinduwe rwigana imiterere nimikorere yuruhu rwumuntu rusanzwe, bigatuma rugaragara neza mubikorwa byubushakashatsi kuruta icyitegererezo gikomoka ku nyamaswa. Iri ni iterambere ryingenzi, kuko rigabanya ibikenewe kwipimisha inyamaswa kandi ritanga ubundi buryo bwiza bwimyitwarire.

Iyindi soko yingenzi yumubiri wabantu ni impano ya post-mortem , aho imyenda ikusanyirizwa nyuma yuko umuntu apfuye. Inyuma ya mortem, cyane cyane ubwonko bwubwonko , yagize uruhare runini mugutezimbere gusobanukirwa nindwara zifata ubwonko nindwara. Kurugero, ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mubice byubwonko bwa post-mortem byatumye havumburwa ibintu byingenzi mubyerekeranye no kuvugurura ubwonko n'indwara zifata ubwonko, nka Multiple Sclerose (MS) n'indwara ya Parkinson . Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe ku ngingo z’ubwonko bwakozwe n’abantu bapfuye bari barwaye ibi bihe byatanze ibimenyetso bifatika ku bijyanye n’iterambere ry’izi ndwara ndetse n’uburyo bukurikira bwangiza neurone. Ubushakashatsi nk'ubwo bufasha kumenya intego zishobora kuvura kandi bukanamenyesha iterambere ry’imiti igamije gutinda cyangwa guhindura ibyangiritse biterwa nibi bihe. Byongeye kandi, kwiga inyama zubwonko bwabantu bituma abashakashatsi bumva uburyo ubwonko bwumuntu bwifata kubintu bitandukanye, nk'ihahamuka, gusaza, n'indwara, muburyo inyamanswa zidashobora kwigana byimazeyo.

Ubushobozi bwo gukorana nuduce twabantu, bwaba bwabonetse kubakorerabushake bazima cyangwa nyuma yo gupfa, byerekana intambwe ishimishije mu kamaro n’ubushakashatsi bw’ubuvuzi. Ntabwo ubu buryo bwongerera agaciro ibyagaragaye gusa, ahubwo binashyigikira iterambere ryimiti inoze kandi itekanye kubuzima bwabantu. Itanga ubundi buryo bwiza bwo kwipimisha inyamaswa kandi itanga ubushobozi bwubuvuzi bwihariye, aho imiti ishobora guhuzwa nibinyabuzima byihariye biranga abarwayi kugiti cyabo. Mu gihe abashakashatsi bakomeje gushakisha imikoreshereze y’inyama z’abantu, ubushobozi bwo kuvumbura intambwe imaze guterwa mu gusobanukirwa indwara, iterambere ry’ubuvuzi, hamwe n’ibikorwa byo kuvura bikomeje kwiyongera, bigatuma ubushakashatsi bw’imitsi y’abantu butagira agaciro gakomeye mu kuzamura umusaruro w’ubuzima ku isi.

Moderi ya mudasobwa

Iterambere ryihuse mu ikoranabuhanga rya mudasobwa ryaguye cyane ubushobozi bwo gukoresha imiterere ya mudasobwa mu kwigana no kwigana ibintu bitandukanye bigize umubiri w'umuntu. Mugihe mudasobwa zigenda zirushaho kuba indashyikirwa, ubushobozi bwo gukora imiterere irambuye, ifite imbaraga, kandi yukuri cyane ya sisitemu yibinyabuzima iragerwaho kuruta mbere hose. Izi ngero zishingiye kuri algorithms zigoye, formulaire yimibare igoye, hamwe namakuru menshi yukuri kwisi, ibyo bigatuma abashakashatsi biga imyitwarire yingingo, ingirangingo, hamwe nibikorwa bya physiologique mubidukikije. Imwe mu nyungu zikomeye zo gukoresha imiterere ya mudasobwa nubushobozi bwabo bwo kwigana ibinyabuzima byabantu muburyo bwo gupima inyamaswa gakondo bidashobora. Mugukoresha ibishushanyo mbonera byumubiri wumuntu cyangwa sisitemu yabyo, abahanga barashobora kugerageza no kureba ingaruka zibiyobyabwenge bitandukanye, indwara, cyangwa ibidukikije bidatewe impungenge cyangwa imyitwarire yo gukoresha inyamaswa nzima. Byongeye kandi, moderi ya mudasobwa itanga uburyo bworoshye bwo gukora amashusho menshi mugice gito byatwara mubushakashatsi bwumubiri, byihuta cyane umuvuduko wo kuvumbura.

Kugeza ubu, hari imiterere ya mudasobwa igezweho cyane ya sisitemu nyinshi zingenzi zabantu, nkumutima , ibihaha , impyiko , uruhu , sisitemu yumubiri , na sisitemu yimitsi . Izi ngero zemerera kwigana ibihe nyabyo nkamaraso, imikorere yumubiri, ibisubizo bya selile, ndetse niterambere ryindwara. Kurugero, moderi yumutima irashobora kwigana ibikorwa byamashanyarazi yumutima nuburyo isubiza imiti itandukanye cyangwa imiterere nka arththmia, itanga ubushishozi mubuzima bwumutima. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, imiterere y'ibihaha irashobora kwigana uburyo umwuka winjira no gusohoka mu myanya y'ubuhumekero, bigafasha abashakashatsi gusobanukirwa n'indwara nka asima, umusonga, cyangwa indwara zidakira zifata ibihaha (COPD). Muri ubwo buryo nyene, impyiko zirashobora kwigana uburyo impyiko zungurura uburozi cyangwa uburyo ziterwa nindwara nkindwara zimpyiko zidakira, mugihe icyitegererezo cyuruhu gishobora gukoreshwa mukwiga imiterere ijyanye nuruhu, harimo gutwikwa, kurwara, ningaruka ziterwa nibidukikije nkimirasire ya UV. Ubushobozi bwo kwigana imikoranire igoye butuma habaho guhanura neza kubyerekeranye nuburyo ibikorwa bimwe na bimwe bivura bishobora kuvuka mubuzima busanzwe, bitanga ubundi buryo butemewe kandi butandukanye cyane bwo kwipimisha ku nyamaswa.

Irindi terambere ryingenzi muburyo bwo kwerekana mudasobwa ni ugukoresha ibikoresho byo gucukura amakuru . Ibi bikoresho bifashisha imibare minini ituruka ahantu hatandukanye, nk'ibizamini byo kwa muganga, ubushakashatsi bwa laboratoire, n'ubushakashatsi bwabanje, kugira ngo hamenyekane ingaruka zishobora guterwa n'imiti, ibintu, cyangwa ibiyobyabwenge. Ubucukuzi bwamakuru burasesengura amakuru menshi ariho kugirango hamenyekane imiterere nisano iri hagati yibintu bifite imiti isa cyangwa ingaruka zibinyabuzima. Ibi bituma abahanga bahanura uburyo ikintu gishya gishobora kwitwara mumubiri wumuntu cyangwa mubidukikije, ndetse na mbere yuko bipimisha. Kurugero, niba imiti mishya irimo kugeragezwa kubwumutekano wacyo, ubucukuzi bwamakuru burashobora gufasha guhanura uburozi bwabwo ugereranije nindi miti isa nayo ingaruka zimaze kumenyekana. Ukoresheje ubu buryo bushingiye ku makuru, abahanga barashobora gufata ibyemezo birambuye kubyerekeye ibintu bishobora kuba bifite umutekano cyangwa byangiza, bikagabanya cyane ibikenewe kwipimisha inyamaswa. Byongeye kandi, ubucukuzi bwamakuru bushobora no gukoreshwa kugirango hamenyekane intego zishobora kuvurwa, gukurikirana imigendekere y’indwara, no kunoza ibishushanyo mbonera by’amavuriro, bityo bikazamura imikorere rusange n’ubushakashatsi bw’ubuvuzi.

Kwishyira hamwe kwicyitegererezo cya mudasobwa nibikoresho byo gucukura amakuru byerekana intambwe yimpinduramatwara mubushakashatsi bwibinyabuzima, bitanga byihuse, bihendutse, kandi byizewe muburyo busanzwe bwo gupima. Izi tekinoroji ntizidufasha gusa gusobanukirwa ibinyabuzima nindwara zabantu ahubwo binatanga amahame mbwirizamuco yo gukora ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi. Mu gushingira ku bigereranyo, guhanura, no gusesengura amakuru, abashakashatsi barashobora kugabanya ibikenewe ku ngero z’inyamaswa, kugabanya igihe cy’ubushakashatsi, kandi bakemeza ko ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi bifitanye isano n’ubuzima bw’abantu. Mugihe ikoranabuhanga rya mudasobwa rikomeje kugenda ryiyongera, ubushobozi bwa moderi zinonosoye kandi zuzuye zizaguka, bizafasha abahanga gushakisha imipaka mishya mubuvuzi no guteza imbere ibiyobyabwenge mugihe barengera imibereho yinyamaswa.

Ubushakashatsi bwabakorerabushake: Gutezimbere Ubushakashatsi bwubuvuzi Binyuze mu Kwitabira Abantu hamwe nuburyo bwiza bwo gupima inyamaswa

Iterambere ryihuse mu buhanga mu buvuzi ryahaye abashakashatsi ibikoresho bikenewe kugira ngo hakorwe ubushakashatsi nyabwo kandi bw’imyitwarire burimo abakorerabushake b’abantu, bigabanya gushingira ku gupima inyamaswa. Hamwe nogutezimbere imashini zogusikana hamwe nubuhanga bwo gufata amajwi , abahanga ubu barashobora kwiga physiologiya yabantu, iterambere ryindwara, ningaruka zubuvuzi muburyo budatera, bikarinda umutekano no guhumurizwa nabitabiriye. Kimwe mu bintu bishya byagaragaye muri kano karere ni ubushobozi bwo gukora amashusho arambuye, nyayo- nyayo . Imashini yerekana ubwonko , nka magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) hamwe na positron emission tomografiya (PET) , bituma abahanga bareba ibikorwa byubwonko, imiterere, nimikorere muburyo butigeze bubaho. Izi tekinoroji zirashobora gukoreshwa mugukurikirana iterambere ryindwara zifata ubwonko nka Alzheimer's, Parkinson, na sclerose nyinshi, ndetse no gukurikirana uburyo imiti itandukanye igira ingaruka mubwonko. Mugereranije ubwonko bwubwonko bwabakorerabushake bafite ubuzima bwiza nubwabantu barwaye indwara zubwonko, abashakashatsi barashobora kugira ubumenyi bwimbitse kubitera ibi bihe no gusuzuma akamaro ko kwivuza. Ibi biratanga ibisobanuro byukuri kandi byukuri byukuntu indwara zigenda zihinduka kandi zita kubuvuzi, zitanga uburyo bwizewe kuruta gukoresha inyamanswa, akenshi usanga zitagaragaza ibikorwa byubwonko cyangwa patologi nkabantu.

Ubundi buryo butangaje bukoreshwa mubushakashatsi bwabakorerabushake ni microdose , uburyo butuma abahanga bapima uburyo dosiye ntoya cyane yimiti mishya ishobora kwitwara mumubiri wumuntu. Microdose ikubiyemo gutanga urugero ruto, rudasanzwe rwo kuvura imiti ku bushake bw'umuntu-akenshi ku rwego rwo hasi ku buryo rutatanga ingaruka zo kuvura, ariko biracyahagije mu gupima. Izi dosiye mubisanzwe zanditseho radio kugirango zishobore gukurikiranwa no gukurikiranwa uko zinyura mumubiri. Ukoresheje umuvuduko wihuta wa sprometrike - igikoresho cyunvikana cyane gishobora kumenya umunota wibikoresho bya radio-abashakashatsi barashobora gupima ubunini bwibiyobyabwenge mumaraso kandi bakagenzura ikwirakwizwa ryayo, metabolisme, no kurandurwa. Ubu buhanga ni ingirakamaro mu gupima ibiyobyabwenge hakiri kare, kuko butanga amakuru yingenzi yukuntu ibiyobyabwenge bishya bitwara abantu bitagaragarije abitabiriye dosiye ishobora kwangiza. Mugukora ubu bushakashatsi kubakorerabushake bwabantu, abahanga barashobora guhanura neza uburyo ibiyobyabwenge bishobora gukora mubigeragezo binini byamavuriro, bifasha koroshya inzira yiterambere ryibiyobyabwenge no kugabanya ingaruka ziterwa ningaruka mbi mubyiciro byanyuma.

Usibye uburyo buhanga buhanitse, hariho ubushakashatsi butoroshye ariko buhambaye kimwe ubushakashatsi bwabakorerabushake bugira uruhare runini mugutezimbere siyanse yubuvuzi. Ubu bushakashatsi bwibanze ku bice nk'imirire , ibiyobyabwenge , no gucunga ububabare , kandi birashobora gukorwa akenshi bidakenewe ibikoresho bihanitse. Kurugero, abashakashatsi barashobora kwiga uburyo indyo itandukanye igira ingaruka kubuzima, uburyo abantu bitabira uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura ububabare budakira, cyangwa uburyo ibiyobyabwenge bitera kandi bishobora kuvurwa. Ubu bwoko bwubushakashatsi busanzwe burimo abakorerabushake batanga uruhushya rubimenyeshejwe kandi bakurikiranirwa hafi mubikorwa byubushakashatsi. Imwe mu nyungu zingenzi zogukora ubushakashatsi kubakorerabushake bwabantu ni uko bashobora kuvuga ibyababayeho , bagatanga ubushishozi bwibanze kubyo bumva kandi bitabira ibikorwa. Ibi bitekerezo bitaziguye ni ikintu icyitegererezo cyinyamanswa kidashobora gutanga, kuko inyamaswa zidashobora kwerekana uburambe bwazo muburyo bumwe. Ubushobozi bwo gukusanya raporo zirambuye kubantu bitabiriye amahugurwa byongera cyane kwizerwa n’akamaro k’ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi, kuko abashakashatsi bashobora kumva neza uburyo uburyo bumwe na bumwe bwo kuvura cyangwa ibintu bigira ingaruka ku bantu ku muntu ku giti cye. Ubu bwoko bwubushakashatsi bwabaye ingenzi mubice nkubuvuzi bwihariye , aho ubuvuzi bugomba guhuzwa nibisubizo byihariye bya buri murwayi.

Muri rusange, ubushakashatsi bwabakorerabushake butanga inyungu nyinshi, zirimo amakuru yukuri, gutekereza kubitekerezo, hamwe nubushobozi bwo kumva ibisubizo byabantu. Mugukoresha tekinoroji igezweho nko gufata ubwonko na microdose hamwe nuburyo gakondo bwo kwiga imirire nububabare, abashakashatsi barashobora gusobanukirwa byimbitse kubuzima bwabantu nindwara. Ubu bushakashatsi butanga ubundi buryo bwizewe kandi bwimyitwarire mugupima inyamaswa, kugabanya ibikenerwa byinyamanswa mugihe biteza imbere siyanse yubuvuzi no kunoza ubuvuzi bw’abarwayi. Mugihe ikoranabuhanga rikomeje gutera imbere, nta gushidikanya ko ubushakashatsi bw’abakorerabushake buzagira uruhare runini mu iterambere ry’imiti mishya, kunoza imiti ihari, no gushyiraho ibisubizo by’ubuvuzi byihariye.

Inyungu zo Kwipimisha Ibikoko

Guhindura uburyo bwo gupima atari inyamaswa bizana inyungu zisobanutse:

1. Ibisubizo byihuse : Uburyo bwo gupima inyamaswa, cyane cyane muri vitro no muri silico, butuma abashakashatsi babona ibisubizo byihuse. Kurugero, mugihe kwipimisha inyamaswa bishobora gufata amezi cyangwa imyaka kugirango bitange ibisubizo, mugupima vitro birashobora kurangira mugihe cyibyumweru cyangwa iminsi. Ibi ni ingirakamaro cyane cyane mu nganda zihuta nka farumasi, aho igihe ari gikomeye.
2. Ikiguzi-Cyiza : Kwipimisha inyamaswa ninzira ihenze. Harimo ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga ubukoroni bwinyamanswa, ubuvuzi bwamatungo, hamwe nibikoresho byingenzi bisabwa mu ikusanyamakuru no gusesengura. Ibinyuranye, uburyo bwo gupima atari inyamaswa, cyane cyane uburyo bwo kubara, busaba amikoro make cyane kandi burashobora gukorwa murwego runini, bikagabanya cyane ibiciro.
3. Amakuru Yerekeye Umuntu : Ahari inyungu zingenzi zo kwipimisha inyamaswa nubushobozi bwayo bwo gutanga amakuru akoreshwa mubuzima bwabantu. Ubwoko bwinyamanswa ntabwo buri gihe butanga ishusho nyayo yerekana uko abantu babibona, kuko itandukaniro ryubwoko rishobora gutera ibisubizo bitandukanye kubintu bimwe. Uburyo butari inyamanswa, cyane cyane ingingo-kuri-chip hamwe n’imico yabantu, bitanga ubuhanuzi bwizewe bwukuntu ibintu bizitwara mumubiri wumuntu.
4. Ibitekerezo byimyitwarire : Imwe mumbaraga nyamukuru zitera kwimuka kwipimisha atari inyamaswa ni impungenge zimyitwarire yerekeye ikoreshwa ryinyamaswa mubushakashatsi. Igitutu cya rubanda, kimwe n’amabwiriza nk’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi wabujije kwipimisha inyamaswa zo kwisiga, byatumye habaho ubundi buryo bw’ikiremwamuntu. Uburyo bwo gupima ibitari inyamaswa birinda ikibazo cyimyitwarire yo gukurikiza inyamaswa inzira zishobora kwangiza cyangwa zibabaza.

Ejo hazaza h'ibizamini bya siyansi nta gushidikanya ko bigenda byerekeza ku buryo butari inyamaswa. Hamwe niterambere ryubuhanga buhanitse kandi bwizewe, uburyo bwo gupima inyamaswa butanga amasezerano yuburyo bwihuse, buhendutse, nubundi buryo bwa kimuntu bwo gupima inyamaswa gakondo. Nubwo hakiri imbogamizi zo gutsinda, iterambere rikomeje muri uru rwego riratanga inzira yigihe gishya cyubushakashatsi, kimwe cyateye imbere mubuhanga kandi gifite inshingano.