Kurya inyama byabaye igice cyibanze cyimirire yabantu mu binyejana byinshi, hamwe nibintu byinshi bitandukanye byumuco, imibereho, nubukungu bigira ingaruka kumyitwarire yacu. Nyamara, mu myaka yashize, habayeho kwiyongera ku mibereho y’ibikomoka ku bimera n’ibikomoka ku bimera, byerekana impinduka mu myumvire y’abaturage ku bijyanye no kurya ibikomoka ku nyamaswa. Ihinduka ryazanye ubushake bushya muri psychologiya inyuma yo kurya inyama hamwe nuburyo bwubwenge butera guhitamo imirire. Muri iki kiganiro, tuzasesengura igitekerezo cyo guta ubwenge n’uruhare rwacyo mu kurya inyama, ndetse n’ingaruka z’imyitwarire ya sosiyete ku byemezo by’imirire. Mugusobanukirwa ibintu byimitekerereze ikinirwa, turashobora gusobanukirwa nubusabane bugoye hagati yabantu no kurya inyama kandi dushobora guhangana n imyizerere yacu n'imyitwarire yacu yashinze imizi bijyanye no kurya ibikomoka ku nyamaswa.
Gusobanukirwa na cognitive dissonance mukurya inyama
Cognitive dissonance bivuga kutoroherwa mumitekerereze kuvuka mugihe abantu bafite imyizerere cyangwa imyumvire bivuguruzanya. Mu rwego rwo kurya inyama, abantu barashobora gutahura ubwenge mugihe indangagaciro zabo hamwe no kugirira impuhwe inyamaswa bivuguruzanya no kurya ibikomoka ku nyamaswa. Nubwo bitaye ku mibereho y’inyamaswa, abantu barashobora kwishora mubikorwa byo kurya inyama kubera amahame mbonezamubano hamwe na conditioning. Aya makimbirane hagati yimyizerere n'ibikorwa arashobora kugutera kubura imitekerereze no gukenera gukemura iki kibazo. Gusobanukirwa uburyo ubwenge bwa dissonance bukora murwego rwo kurya inyama birashobora kumurika uburyo bukomeye bwimitekerereze ituma abantu bahuza imyizerere yabo ivuguruzanya kandi bagashimangira amahitamo yabo. Mugushakisha kuri iki kintu, dushobora kubona ubumenyi bwingenzi kumiterere itoroshye yimyitwarire yumuntu hamwe nuburyo bwo gufata ibyemezo.
Gucukumbura amahame mbonezamubano no kurya inyama
Ikindi kintu cyingenzi kigomba kwitabwaho mugihe cyo gusuzuma psychologiya inyuma yo kurya inyama ningaruka zamahame mbonezamubano. Sosiyete igira uruhare runini mu guhindura imyizerere yacu, indangagaciro, n'imyitwarire yacu, harimo guhitamo imirire. Kuva bakiri bato, abantu bahura nubutumwa bwabaturage buteza imbere kurya inyama nkigice gisanzwe kandi gikenewe cyimirire yuzuye. Ubu butumwa bushimangirwa binyuze mubikorwa byumuco, ubukangurambaga bwo kwamamaza, no gusabana. Kubera iyo mpamvu, abantu barashobora kwinjiza ayo mahame mbonezamubano kandi bakabona kurya inyama nkimyitwarire idashidikanywaho kandi yemewe. Iyi mibereho irashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye kumyumvire yabantu ku nyama zinyama, bigatuma bitandukana nibisanzwe. Gucukumbura ingaruka zamahame mbonezamubano mugukoresha inyama birashobora gutanga ubumenyi bwingenzi mubikorwa byimibereho hamwe nigitutu kigira uruhare mugukomeza iyi myitwarire, gushishikarizwa kurushaho gutekereza no gusuzuma neza amahitamo yacu.
Uburyo impuhwe zigira ingaruka ku kurya inyama
Gusesengura uburyo bwimitekerereze yemerera abantu kurya inyamaswa nubwo bitaye kumibereho yabo, harimo no guta ubwenge no kubana neza, byerekana uruhare rukomeye impuhwe zigira mukurya inyama. Kubabarana, ubushobozi bwo gusobanukirwa no gusangira ibyiyumvo byabandi, byagaragaye ko bifite ingaruka zikomeye kumahitamo yacu. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko abantu bafite impuhwe zo mu rwego rwo hejuru bashobora kuba bagaragaza kurya inyama zagabanutse cyangwa bagahitamo ubundi buryo bushingiye ku bimera. Ni ukubera ko impuhwe zituma abantu bakora isano hagati yinyamaswa barya nububabare bihanganira mubuhinzi bwuruganda. Ariko, gutahura ubwenge, kutoroherwa guterwa no kugira imyizerere cyangwa imyifatire bivuguruzanya, bishobora kuvuka mugihe impuhwe zabantu zishyamiranye nimico yabo yashinze imizi hamwe ningeso zijyanye no kurya inyama. Ibi birashobora gutuma abantu badakinisha cyangwa bagashyira mu gaciro ibitekerezo byerekeranye no kurya inyama. Mu gucengera cyane isano iri hagati yimpuhwe no kurya inyama, abashakashatsi barashobora gusobanukirwa neza nimpamvu zo mumitekerereze ikinishwa kandi bagashobora guteza imbere ingamba zo guca icyuho cyimyitwarire yimitekerereze, biteza imbere guhitamo indyo yuzuye impuhwe.
Uruhare rwo gutunganya umuco
Imiterere yumuco nayo igira uruhare runini muguhindura imirire yacu, cyane cyane mugihe cyo kurya inyama. Kuva tukiri bato, duhura namahame mbonezamubano n'indangagaciro zemeza kandi zisanzwe kurya inyama nkigice cyingenzi cyimirire yacu. Imico, imigenzo, n'imyizerere akenshi bishimangira igitekerezo kivuga ko inyama zikenewe mu mirire n'ikimenyetso cy'imibereho n'imibereho myiza. Iyi miterere yashinze imizi itera ingaruka zikomeye kumyitwarire yacu n'imyitwarire yacu ku nyama, bigatuma bigorana gutandukana numuco no gutekereza kubundi buryo. Byongeye kandi, imiterere yumuco irashobora gutuma umuntu yumva ko ari indangamuntu kandi ko ari mu matsinda ashingiye ku guhitamo ibiryo bisangiwe, bikarushaho gushimangira kurya inyama kandi bikagorana gutandukana n’imirire yashizweho. Kubera iyo mpamvu, uruhare rwimiterere yumuco muguhindura imyifatire yacu nimyitwarire yacu yo kurya inyama ntidushobora kwirengagizwa mugihe dushakisha psychologiya inyuma yo guhitamo imirire.
Gushyira mu gaciro kurya inyamaswa
Gusesengura uburyo bwimitekerereze yemerera abantu kurya inyamaswa nubwo bitaye kumibereho yabo, harimo no guta ubwenge no kubana neza, bitanga ubumenyi bwingenzi mubintu byo gushyira mu gaciro kurya inyamaswa. Cognitive dissonance, imiterere yimitekerereze idahwitse iyo umuntu afite imyizerere ivuguruzanya, irashobora kugira uruhare mukwemeza kurya inyamaswa. Abantu barashobora gutandukana hagati yabo bahangayikishijwe n’imibereho y’inyamaswa no guhitamo imirire yabo, bigatuma bashyira mu gaciro imyitwarire yabo bagabanya ububabare bugaragara bw’inyamaswa cyangwa bashimangira izindi nyungu zo kurya inyama. Byongeye kandi, imibereho myiza ihindura imyumvire yabantu ku kurya inyamaswa bashimangira amahame mbonezamubano n'indangagaciro zijyanye no kurya inyama. Kuva mu bwana, duhura n'imigenzo gakondo n'imigenzo ihuza inyama mumirire yacu, bigatera kumva ibintu bisanzwe no kwemerwa. Umuvuduko wo guhuza ibyifuzo byabaturage no gukomeza kumva ko uri mubaturage bacu birashimangira gushyira mu gaciro inyamaswa zirya. Gusobanukirwa nuburyo bwimitekerereze biratwongerera kumva impamvu abantu bashobora gukomeza kurya inyama nubwo bahangayikishijwe n’imibereho y’inyamaswa, bikagaragaza isano iri hagati yimikorere yimikorere ningaruka zabaturage.
Ingaruka z'igitutu cy'abaturage
Ingaruka z'umuvuduko w'abaturage ku guhitamo imirire y'abantu ku giti cyabo, cyane cyane ku bijyanye no kurya inyama, ni ikintu cy'ingenzi ugomba gusuzuma iyo usuzumye imitekerereze iri inyuma yo kurya inyama. Sosiyete ikunze kugira uruhare runini muguhindura imyitwarire n'imyizerere yacu, harimo nibyo duhitamo kurya. Imyitwarire mbonezamubano, imigenzo gakondo, hamwe nurungano rwabo bigira uruhare mubitutu abantu bashobora kumva ko bihuye nimirire yiganje mumiryango yabo. Uyu muvuduko urashobora gutuma bigora abantu gutandukana nibyifuzo byabaturage byo kurya inyama, kabone niyo baba bafite ibyo banga cyangwa bahangayikishijwe n’imibereho y’inyamaswa. Icyifuzo cyo guhuza no kwirinda ivangura ry’imibereho gishobora kurenga ku myitwarire y’abantu ku giti cyabo, bigatuma bakomeza kugira uruhare mu kurya inyamaswa nubwo amakimbirane ari mu gihugu. Gusobanukirwa n'ingaruka z'igitutu cy'abaturage ni ingenzi cyane mu gusobanukirwa ingorane zo kurya inyama n'uburyo abantu bayobora imyizerere n'indangagaciro bivuguruzanya.
Gukemura ikibazo cyimyitwarire
Kugira ngo ikibazo gikemuke kijyanye no kurya inyama, ni ngombwa gusesengura uburyo bwo mu mutwe butuma abantu bahuza kwita ku mibereho y’inyamaswa bahitamo kurya inyamaswa. Cognitive dissonance, ibintu bya psychologiya bibaho mugihe habaye amakimbirane hagati yimyizerere ye nibikorwa bye, bigira uruhare runini muriki gikorwa. Iyo abantu bafite imyizerere yerekeye akamaro k’inyamanswa ariko bagakomeza kurya inyama, bahura nubwonko. Kugira ngo ibyo bigabanuke, abantu barashobora gukoresha ingamba zitandukanye zubwenge, nko gushyira mu gaciro imyitwarire yabo cyangwa kugabanya akamaro k’imyitwarire yabo. Byongeye kandi, imibereho myiza yabaturage, ikubiyemo ingaruka zumuco gakondo n'imigenzo, birashimangira kwemerera kurya inyama. Mugusobanukirwa nuburyo bwimitekerereze, dushobora gushyiraho ingamba zo guteza imbere imyumvire, impuhwe, no gufata ibyemezo bijyanye no kurya inyamaswa.
Kuyobora imyizerere n'ibikorwa byawe bwite
Kuyobora imyizerere n'ibikorwa byawe birashobora kuba inzira igoye iterwa n'impamvu zitandukanye zo mumitekerereze. Ku bijyanye no kurya inyama, abantu barashobora kwisanga bahanganye n'imyizerere n'ibikorwa bivuguruzanya. Gusesengura uburyo bwimitekerereze nka cognitive dissonance hamwe nubuzima bwiza bishobora gutanga urumuri kuriyi mbaraga. Kumenya gutandukana bivuka mugihe abantu bafite imyizerere ijyanye n'imibereho yinyamaswa ariko bagakomeza kurya inyama. Kugirango uyobore uku gutandukana, abantu barashobora kwishora mubikorwa byimbere byo gutsindishirizwa cyangwa gupfobya ingaruka zumuco bahisemo. Byongeye kandi, amahame n'imigenzo bya societe bigira uruhare runini muguhindura imyizerere n'ibikorwa byawe. Gusobanukirwa nuburyo bwimitekerereze irashobora guha abantu ubushobozi bwo gusuzuma no guhuza indangagaciro zabo nimyitwarire yabo, amaherezo biganisha kumyumvire ifatika kandi ifata ibyemezo.
Kurenga inzinguzingo
Kureka ingengabihe ya conditioning bisaba imbaraga zifatika zo guhangana no kwibaza imyizerere n'imyitwarire yashinze imizi. Harimo inzira yo kwigaragaza no gutekereza kunegura, kwemerera abantu gusuzuma impamvu zifatika zituma bahitamo. Mu kumenya uruhare rwo gutandukanya ubwenge no guhuza imibereho muguhindura imyumvire yabo yo kurya inyama, abantu barashobora gutangira gupfundura ibyiciro kandi bagafata ibyemezo byinshi. Ibi birashobora kuba bikubiyemo gushaka ubundi buryo bwo kuvuga, kwishora mubiganiro byeruye nabandi, no kwiyigisha kubyerekeye ingaruka zimyitwarire nibidukikije byo kurya ibikomoka ku nyamaswa. Kurenga inzinguzamatwara bisaba ubutwari nubushake bwo gutera ikirenge mucya societe, ariko birashobora gutuma umuntu akura, guhuza indangagaciro z'umuntu, hamwe nuburyo bwuzuye impuhwe kumahitamo duhitamo.
Guteza imbere kurya inyama
Gusesengura uburyo bwimitekerereze yemerera abantu kurya inyamaswa nubwo bitaye kumibereho yabo, harimo no guta ubwenge no kubana neza, bitanga akamaro ko guteza imbere kurya inyama mubitekerezo. Mugusobanukirwa uburyo ubwenge bwa dissonance bukora, abantu barashobora kumenya amakimbirane yimbere avuka mugihe imyizerere yabo nibikorwa bidahuje. Iyi myumvire irashobora kuba umusemburo wimpinduka, gushishikariza abantu gushakisha ubundi buryo bwa kimuntu kandi burambye bwo kurya inyama gakondo. Byongeye kandi, gukemura uruhare rwimibereho ifasha kwerekana imbaraga zamahame mbonezamubano muguhindura ibyo kurya. Mu kurwanya aya mahame no guteza imbere uburezi ku bijyanye n’imyitwarire n’ibidukikije ku kurya inyama, dushobora gushyiraho umuryango uha agaciro imibereho y’inyamaswa kandi ugashyira imbere ibikorwa by’ibiribwa birambye.
Mu gusoza, icyemezo cyo kurya inyama ni imyitwarire igoye kandi yashinze imizi cyane iterwa namahame mbonezamubano, kutamenya ubwenge, hamwe n'imyizerere ya buri muntu. Nubwo bishobora kugorana guhangana niyi myizerere yashinze imizi, ni ngombwa kumenya ingaruka amahitamo yacu ku buzima bwacu, ibidukikije, no kuvura inyamaswa. Mu kwiyigisha no kuba twiteguye kwibaza ku myizerere yacu, dushobora gufata ibyemezo byinshi kandi byimyitwarire kubyerekeye guhitamo ibiryo. Ubwanyuma, buri muntu niwe ugomba guhitamo icyo yemera ko kibereye kuri bo no ku isi ibakikije.
Ibibazo
Nigute cognitive dissonance igira uruhare mubantu barya inyama ariko bakita no kubuzima bwiza bwinyamaswa?
Kumenya gutandukana bivuka kubantu barya inyama mugihe banaha agaciro imibereho yinyamaswa kuko bafite imyizerere n'imyitwarire bivuguruzanya. Amakimbirane aturuka ku itandukaniro riri hagati yo kwita ku mibereho y’inyamaswa no kugira uruhare mu nganda z’inyama, bigatuma bumva bamerewe nabi kandi bahangayitse. Kugira ngo iki kibazo kigabanuke, abantu barashobora gushyira mu gaciro kurya inyama zabo mu gupfobya ingaruka zishingiye ku myitwarire cyangwa gushaka izindi nyama z’ikiremwamuntu. Ubwanyuma, amakimbirane yimbere yerekana imiterere igoye yimyitwarire yumuntu nibibazo abantu bahura nabyo muguhuza ibikorwa byabo nindangagaciro zabo.
Ni ayahe mahame mbonezamubano agira uruhare mu kwemera kurya inyama, kandi ni mu buhe buryo bigira ingaruka ku myumvire y'abantu ku bimera cyangwa ibikomoka ku bimera?
Imico mbonezamubano nk'imigenzo, umuco gakondo, hamwe no kurya inyama nk'isoko ya poroteyine bigira uruhare mu kwemera kurya inyama. Aya mahame akunze guhindura imyumvire yabantu ku bimera cyangwa ibikomoka ku bimera bitera inzitizi nkumuvuduko wimibereho, guca imanza, ndetse no kumva ko ibikomoka ku bimera ari ugutandukana nibisanzwe. Byongeye kandi, ishyirahamwe ryo kurya inyama nubugabo cyangwa imibereho yabantu birashobora kurushaho kubuza abantu gufata ibimera cyangwa ibikomoka ku bimera. Muri rusange, amahame mbonezamubano agira uruhare runini muguhindura imyumvire muburyo bwo guhitamo imirire.
Ese cognitive dissonance irashobora kugabanuka cyangwa gukurwaho kubantu bazi ingaruka zimyitwarire yo kurya inyama?
Nibyo, gutahura ubwenge birashobora kugabanuka cyangwa kurandurwa mubantu bazi ingaruka zimyitwarire yo kurya inyama binyuze mumashuri, guhura nibindi bitekerezo, no gutekereza kugiti cyawe biganisha kumahinduka mumyitwarire cyangwa imyizerere. Iyi nzira ikubiyemo gusubiramo imyifatire n'indangagaciro, kongera ubumenyi ku ngaruka z'ibikorwa, no guhuza imyitwarire n'imyizerere yabo kugira ngo habeho ubwumvikane no guhuzagurika. Ubwanyuma, abantu barashobora guhitamo imyitwarire myiza kubijyanye no kurya inyama mugukemura no gukemura ikibazo cyo guta ubwenge kijyanye niki kibazo.
Ni mu buhe buryo ingaruka z'umuco n'umuryango bigira ingaruka ku cyemezo cy'umuntu ku giti cye cyo kurya inyama, nubwo imyizerere ivuguruzanya ku burenganzira bw'inyamaswa?
Ingaruka zishingiye ku muco n’umuryango zigira uruhare runini mu guhindura imirire y’umuntu ku giti cye, harimo icyemezo cyo kurya inyama nubwo imyizerere ivuguruzanya y’uburenganzira bw’inyamaswa. Imigenzo, amahame mbonezamubano, n'indangagaciro z'umuryango akenshi bishimangira kurya inyama nk'ikimenyetso cy'ubwinshi, kwizihiza, cyangwa indangamuntu. Byongeye kandi, imirire yumuryango hamwe nubusanzwe bwo kurya inyama mumico yumuco birashobora gutera inzitizi ikomeye mumitekerereze yo gufata indyo yandi, nubwo abantu bafite imyizerere ivuguruzanya kuburenganzira bwinyamaswa. Kureka izo ngaruka birashobora gusaba guhuza uburezi, guhura nibindi bitekerezo, no gutekereza kumuntu kugiti cye.
Ni ubuhe buryo bwo mu mutwe bukoreshwa mu gihe abantu bashimangira kurya inyama zabo binyuze mu myizerere nk'abantu bagenewe kurya inyama cyangwa inyamaswa ziri munsi y'ibiryo?
Umuntu ku giti cye akoresha gukoresha ubwenge no guta umuco kugirango agaragaze ko barya inyama. Imyizerere nkabantu igenewe kurya inyama cyangwa inyamaswa ziri munsi yuruhererekane rwibiryo bifasha kugabanya ibyiyumvo byo kwicira urubanza cyangwa amakimbirane uhuza imyitwarire yabo na societe cyangwa ishingiro ryibinyabuzima. Iyi nzira ikubiyemo kugabanya ingaruka zigaragara zatewe ninyamaswa no gushyira mu gaciro ibikorwa byazo kugirango bikomeze guhuza nishusho yabo. Ubu buryo bukora kugirango umuntu arinde ibitekerezo bye kandi akomeze kumva ko ari inyangamugayo nubwo yishora mu myitwarire ishobora kuvuguruza imyizerere yabo.