Ubuhinzi bw’inyamanswa nigice cyingenzi muri gahunda y’ibiribwa ku isi, biduha amasoko yingenzi y’inyama, amata, n’amagi. Ariko, inyuma yinganda zihishe inyuma yukuri. Abakozi mu buhinzi bw’inyamanswa bahura n’ibibazo byinshi by’umubiri n’amarangamutima, akenshi bakorera ahantu habi kandi hateje akaga. Mu gihe hibandwa cyane cyane ku kuvura inyamaswa muri uru ruganda, umubare w’imitekerereze n’imitekerereze ku bakozi usanga wirengagizwa. Imiterere isubirwamo kandi iruhije yimirimo yabo, hamwe no guhora bahura nububabare bwinyamaswa nurupfu, birashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye kumitekerereze yabo. Iyi ngingo igamije kumurika umubare w’imitekerereze yo gukora mu buhinzi bw’inyamaswa, ukiga ku bintu bitandukanye bigira uruhare mu ngaruka zabyo ku buzima bwo mu mutwe bw’abakozi. Binyuze mu gusuzuma ubushakashatsi buriho no kuvugana n'abakozi bakora mu nganda, tugamije kuzana ibitekerezo kuri iki kintu gikunze kwirengagizwa mu nganda z’ubuhinzi bw’amatungo no kwerekana ko hakenewe inkunga n’umutungo mwiza kuri aba bakozi.
Imvune zumuco: ihungabana ryihishe ryabakozi bashinzwe ubuhinzi bwamatungo.
Gukorera mubuhinzi bwinyamanswa birashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye kandi zigera kure kubuzima bwo mumutwe n'imibereho myiza y'abakozi bayo. Ubushakashatsi ku ngaruka z’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe ku bakozi bo mu mirima y’uruganda n’ibagiro byerekana ko hariho ibihe nka PTSD no gukomeretsa umuco. Guhora uhura n’urugomo, imibabaro, n’urupfu bigira ingaruka mbi ku mitekerereze, biganisha ku ihahamuka rirambye. Igitekerezo cyo gukomeretsa mu mico, cyerekeza ku mibabaro yo mu mutwe iterwa n’ibikorwa binyuranyije n’imyitwarire myiza cyangwa imyitwarire, ni ngombwa cyane muri uru rwego. Imikorere isanzwe irangwa mubuhinzi bwinyamanswa akenshi isaba abakozi kwishora mubikorwa bivuguruza indangagaciro zabo hamwe nimpuhwe zifitwe ninyamaswa. Aya makimbirane yo mu mutima no gutandukana arashobora gukurura ibyiyumvo byimbitse byo kwicira urubanza, isoni, no kwiciraho iteka. Kugira ngo izo ngaruka zikomeye z’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe, ni ngombwa kumenya imiterere y’iki kibazo no guharanira ko impinduka zahinduka mu musaruro w’ibiribwa ushyira imbere imibereho myiza y’inyamaswa ndetse n’abakozi.
PTSD mubakozi babagamo: ikibazo cyiganje ariko cyirengagijwe.
Ikintu gihangayikishije cyane cyane mu bijyanye n’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe ku bakozi mu buhinzi bw’amatungo ni ubwiganze bw’ihungabana ry’ihungabana (PTSD) mu bakozi b’ibagiro. Nubwo ari ikibazo cyiganje, akenshi gikomeza kwirengagizwa no kutubahirizwa. Guhura kenshi nibintu bibabaje, nko kwibonera inyamaswa zibabazwa no kwishora mubikorwa byubugizi bwa nabi, bishobora gutera iterambere rya PTSD. Ibimenyetso bishobora kuba birimo kwibuka, kwinjira nabi, hypervigilance, hamwe nimyitwarire yo kwirinda. Imiterere yumurimo, ihujwe namasaha maremare hamwe nigitutu gikomeye, ikora ibidukikije bifasha iterambere rya PTSD. Iki kibazo cyirengagijwe cyerekana ko byihutirwa ko habaho impinduka zifatika mu bikorwa by’umusaruro w’ibiribwa, hibandwa ku gushyira mu bikorwa inzira z’ikiremwamuntu n’imyitwarire ishyira imbere imitekerereze myiza y’abagize uruhare mu nganda. Mugukemura intandaro no gutanga inkunga kubakozi bagizweho ingaruka, turashobora gushiraho ejo hazaza h'impuhwe kandi zirambye kubantu ndetse ninyamaswa.
Igiciro cya psychologiya yo kugurisha inyamaswa mumirima yinganda.
Igiciro cya psychologiya yo kugurisha inyamaswa mumirima yinganda ntikirenze ingaruka kubuzima bwo mumutwe bwabakozi. Igikorwa ubwacyo cyo gufata inyamaswa nkibicuruzwa gusa muriyi sisitemu yinganda zirashobora gukomeretsa ababigizemo uruhare. Gukomeretsa mu mico bivuga akababaro ka psychologiya gakomoka ku kwishora mu bikorwa bivuguruza indangagaciro z'umuntu ku giti cye n'imyizerere myiza. Abakozi bo mu ruganda bakunze guhura n’ikibazo cyo kwitwara neza mu bikorwa bitera imibabaro myinshi no kutita ku mibereho y’inyamaswa. Aya makimbirane yo mu mutima arashobora gukurura ibyiyumvo byo kwicira urubanza, isoni, no kumva ko ufite agahinda gakomeye. Ni ngombwa ko tumenya ibintu bitunganijwe kandi byubaka bigira uruhare muri iki gicuruzwa, kandi tugaharanira inzira y’impuhwe kandi zirambye ku musaruro w’ibiribwa. Muguhindura imikorere yimyitwarire nubumuntu, ntidushobora kuzamura imibereho yinyamanswa gusa ahubwo tunagabanya umutwaro wimitekerereze kubakozi, dushimangira gahunda yibiribwa bizima kandi birambye kuri bose.
Abakozi bahura n'ibibazo by'imyitwarire buri munsi.
Mu bihe bigoye by’ubuhinzi bw’inyamaswa, abakozi bahura n’ibibazo by’imyitwarire buri munsi. Izi ngorane zikomoka ku mpagarara zisanzwe hagati yindangagaciro zabo nibisabwa nakazi kabo. Yaba kwifungisha no gufata nabi inyamaswa, gukoresha imiti yangiza, cyangwa kutita ku bidukikije, aba bakozi bahura n’ibihe bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku mibereho yabo yo mu mutwe. Guhora uhura namakimbirane nkaya arashobora gukurura ibibazo byimitekerereze, harimo ihungabana ryihungabana (PTSD) no gukomeretsa mumico. Aba bakozi, bakunze kwibonera ibintu bikaze byinganda, ntibakorerwa ibibazo byumubiri gusa ahubwo bafite uburemere bwamahitamo yabo. Ni ngombwa ko twemera kandi tugakemura ibyo bibazo by’imyitwarire, dushyigikira impinduka zifatika mu musaruro w’ibiribwa ushyira imbere imibereho y’inyamaswa n’abakozi. Mugutezimbere uburyo bwimpuhwe burambye kandi burambye, turashobora kugabanya umubare wimitekerereze yabagize uruhare mubuhinzi bwamatungo mugihe duharanira inganda zishingiye kumyitwarire myiza.
Kuva kuri desensitisation kugeza kumutwe.
Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe ku ngaruka z’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe ku bakozi bo mu mirima y’uruganda no mu ibagiro bugaragaza inzira ibangamiye kuva desensisation kugeza ihungabana ry’ibitekerezo. Imiterere mibi kandi isubirwamo yimirimo yabo, hamwe no guhura n’urugomo rukabije n’imibabaro, birashobora gutesha agaciro abakozi ku bugome busanzwe bw’inganda. Igihe kirenze, uku gutesha agaciro birashobora kubatesha impuhwe no kumererwa neza mumarangamutima, biganisha ku gutandukana namarangamutima yabo nububabare babonye. Iri tsinda rishobora guhungabanya ubuzima bwabo bwo mu mutwe, bikaba byaviramo kwiyongera kwiheba, guhangayika, ndetse n’ibitekerezo byo kwiyahura. Umubare w’imitekerereze yo gukora mu buhinzi bw’inyamaswa ni mwinshi, ugaragaza ko byihutirwa impinduka zifatika mu musaruro w’ibiribwa ushyira imbere imyitwarire y’inyamaswa n’imibereho myiza yo mu mutwe y’abakozi.
Umusaruro urambye wibiribwa nkigisubizo.
Kwemeza uburyo burambye bwo gutanga ibiribwa bitanga igisubizo gifatika cyo gukemura ikibazo cy’imitekerereze ikabije y’abakozi bakora mu mirima y’uruganda no kubaga. Muguhindura inzira yuburyo bwa kimuntu nubwitonzi, nkubuhinzi bushya ndetse nubundi buryo bushingiye ku bimera, turashobora kugabanya abakozi bakorerwa ihohoterwa rikabije n’imibabaro ikomoka mu nganda z’ubuhinzi bw’amatungo. Byongeye kandi, ubuhinzi burambye buteza imbere ubuzima bwiza kandi buringaniye kubakozi, bigatera kumva intego no kunyurwa mubikorwa byabo. Gushimangira umusaruro urambye w’ibiribwa ntabwo bigirira akamaro imitekerereze y’abakozi gusa, ahubwo binagira uruhare mu kuzamura muri rusange gahunda y’ibiribwa, bituma isi ibaho kandi yuzuye impuhwe ku bafatanyabikorwa bose babigizemo uruhare.
Gukenera impinduka zifatika.
Kugira ngo dukemure rwose ingaruka z’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe abakozi bakora mu mirima y’uruganda no mu ibagiro, ni ngombwa ko tumenya ko hakenewe impinduka zifatika muri gahunda yo gutanga ibiribwa. Ingero zigezweho mu nganda zishyira imbere inyungu kuruta imibereho myiza y’abakozi, inyamaswa, n’ibidukikije, bikomeza uruziga n’ihungabana ry’imyitwarire. Mu kwibanda ku nyungu z'igihe gito no gukora neza, twirengagije ingaruka z'igihe kirekire ku buzima bwo mu mutwe bw'abagize uruhare mu nganda. Igihe kirageze ngo duhangane niyi paradizo idashoboka kandi dushyigikire impinduka zose zijyanye na gahunda y'ibiribwa birangwa n'impuhwe kandi birambye. Ibi bisaba kongera gusuzuma urwego rwose rutanga, kuva kumurima kugeza kumurima, no gushyira mubikorwa amabwiriza na politiki ashyira imbere umutekano w'abakozi, imibereho myiza y’inyamaswa, no kubungabunga ibidukikije. Gusa binyuze mu mpinduka zifatika dushobora kwizera ko tuzagabanya umubare w’imitekerereze ku bakozi no gushyiraho uburyo bwiza bwo gutanga ibiribwa mu myifatire kandi ihamye.
Gukemura ubuzima bwo mumutwe mubuhinzi.
Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe ku ngaruka z’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe ku bakozi mu buhinzi bw’inyamaswa bugaragaza ko hakenewe cyane gukemura imibereho myiza y’abantu bakora muri uru ruganda. Imiterere isaba akazi mu mirima y’uruganda no mu ibagiro igaragariza abakozi imihangayiko itandukanye ishobora gutera ingaruka mbi ku buzima bwo mu mutwe. Indwara yo guhahamuka nyuma yo guhahamuka (PTSD) no gukomeretsa mu mico biri mu bibazo byo mu mutwe abantu bahura nabyo. PTSD irashobora guterwa no guhura nibintu bibabaje, nko guhamya ubugome bwinyamaswa cyangwa kwishora mubikorwa bya euthanasiya. Byongeye kandi, imvune zatewe n’abakozi zikomoka ku makimbirane hagati y’indangagaciro z'umuntu ku giti cye n'ibisabwa n'akazi kabo, bigatera umubabaro ukomeye mu mutwe. Kugira ngo izo ngaruka zigabanuke ku buzima bwo mu mutwe, ni ngombwa guharanira ko habaho impinduka zifatika mu musaruro w’ibiribwa ushyira imbere imibereho myiza y’abakozi, uteza imbere imyitwarire y’inyamaswa, kandi ugakora ibikorwa birambye. Mugushira mubikorwa uburyo bunoze bwo gutera inkunga, guteza imbere abakozi, no gushyiraho umuco wimpuhwe, dushobora gukemura ibibazo byubuzima bwo mumutwe bahura nabyo mubuhinzi bwamatungo kandi tugatanga inzira yinganda zirangwa nubumuntu kandi zirambye.
Kubabarana inyamaswa n'abakozi.
Mu rwego rwo kwishyurwa n’imitekerereze y’abakozi bahura n’ubuhinzi bw’amatungo, ni ngombwa gutsimbataza impuhwe atari abakozi ubwabo ahubwo no ku nyamaswa zirimo. Kumenya guhuza ubunararibonye bwabo birashobora gutuma umuntu yumva neza ibibazo byinganda. Mugutsimbataza umuco wo kwishyira mu mwanya w'abandi, twemera ko amarangamutima ashyirwa ku bakozi bashobora guhatirwa gukora imirimo ivuguruza indangagaciro zabo bwite. Icyarimwe, tuzi ko ari ngombwa kugirira impuhwe inyamaswa zishobora guhura n’ihungabana kandi ry’ikiremwamuntu. Kubabarana n’inyamaswa n’abakozi ni umusingi wo kunganira impinduka zifatika mu musaruro w’ibiribwa ushyira imbere imibereho myiza yo mu mutwe mu gihe uteza imbere imyitwarire y’inyamaswa. Mugukemura imibereho myiza yabafatanyabikorwa bombi, turashobora gukora kugirango dushyireho ejo hazaza heza kandi harambye kubantu bose bagize uruhare muruganda.
Gushiraho uburyo bwiza bwibiryo.
Kugira ngo ibibazo by’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe bigire ingaruka ku bakozi bo mu mirima y’uruganda no kubagamo, ndetse no guteza imbere imibereho myiza n’imyitwarire y’inyamaswa, ni ngombwa gushakisha uburyo hashyirwaho uburyo bwiza bw’ibiribwa. Ibi bikubiyemo gushyira mubikorwa ibikorwa birambye kandi byubumuntu mubikorwa byose byokurya, kuva kumurima kugeza kumeza. Mugushira imbere tekiniki yubuhinzi bushya, kugabanya gushingira ku musaruro w’imiti, no guteza imbere umusaruro ukomoka ku buhinzi n’ibanze, dushobora kugabanya ingaruka z’ibidukikije n’ubuzima zijyanye n’ubuhinzi busanzwe. Byongeye kandi, gutera inkunga abahinzi-borozi bato bashyira imbere imibereho y’inyamaswa no gushyira mu bikorwa amabwiriza akomeye ku bikorwa by’ubuhinzi bw’inganda birashobora gufasha abakozi kutagira ibibazo by’ihungabana kandi biteje akaga. Byongeye kandi, guteza imbere uburezi bw’abaguzi no kumenya ibyiza by’imirire ishingiye ku bimera birashobora gushishikariza abantu guhitamo ibiryo birambye kandi birangwa n'impuhwe. Gushiraho uburyo bwiza bwibiryo ntabwo ari ngombwa gusa kugirango imibereho yabakozi ninyamaswa zibigiramo uruhare gusa, ahubwo no mubuzima burambye kandi burambye bwumubumbe wacu.
Mu gusoza, umubare wimitekerereze yo gukora mubuhinzi bwinyamaswa ntushobora kwirengagizwa. Ni ikibazo kitoroshye kitareba abakozi gusa, ahubwo kireba inyamaswa n'ibidukikije. Ni ngombwa ko ibigo n'abafata ibyemezo bakemura ibibazo by'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe n'imibereho myiza y'abari mu nganda, kugira ngo habeho ejo hazaza heza kandi harangwa imyitwarire myiza kuri bose. Nkabaguzi, natwe tugira uruhare mugushyigikira ibikorwa byubumuntu kandi bifite inshingano mubuhinzi bwinyamaswa. Reka dufatanye kugana isi nziza kandi yuzuye impuhwe kubantu ninyamaswa.
Ibibazo
Nigute gukora mubuhinzi bwinyamaswa bigira ingaruka kubuzima bwo mumutwe bwabantu bagize uruhare munganda?
Gukorera mu buhinzi bw’inyamaswa birashobora kugira ingaruka nziza kandi mbi ku buzima bwo mu mutwe bw’abantu bagize uruhare mu nganda. Ku ruhande rumwe, guhura cyane ninyamaswa no kubona kunyurwa no kubitaho no kubirera birashobora kuba byiza kandi bizana intego. Ariko, imiterere isaba akazi, amasaha menshi, hamwe no guhura nibibazo bitesha umutwe nkindwara zinyamaswa cyangwa impfu zirashobora kugira uruhare mukwongera imihangayiko, guhangayika, no gucika intege. Byongeye kandi, imyitwarire ishingiye ku buhinzi bw’inyamaswa irashobora kandi gupima ubuzima bwiza bwo mu mutwe bwabantu bakora mu nganda. Muri rusange, ni ngombwa gushyira imbere infashanyo zubuzima bwo mu mutwe n’ibikoresho by’ubuhinzi bw’amatungo.
Ni izihe ngorane zimwe na zimwe zikunze guhura n’abakozi mu buhinzi bw’inyamaswa, nk'abakozi babaga cyangwa abakozi bo mu ruganda?
Zimwe mu mbogamizi zo mu mutwe zihura n’abakozi mu buhinzi bw’inyamaswa zirimo guhura n’imihangayiko, ihahamuka, n’imibabaro. Abakozi ba Slaughterhouse bakunze guhangana n’amarangamutima yo kwica inyamaswa buri munsi, ibyo bikaba bishobora gutera guhangayika, kwiheba, ndetse n’ihungabana ry’ihungabana (PTSD). Abakozi bo mu ruganda barashobora guhura namakimbirane yimyitwarire no gutahura ubwenge mugihe babonye ubugome bwinyamaswa nibikorwa byubumuntu. Bashobora kandi guhura n’umutekano muke mu kazi, akazi gasaba umubiri, hamwe no kwigunga, bishobora kugira uruhare mubibazo byubuzima bwo mumutwe. Gukemura ibyo bibazo bisaba gutanga sisitemu yo gushyigikira, ibikoresho byubuzima bwo mu mutwe, no gushyira mubikorwa ibikorwa byubumuntu mubikorwa byinganda.
Haba hari ibibazo byihariye bya psychologiya cyangwa ibintu byiganje cyane mubantu bakora mubuhinzi bwinyamaswa?
Hariho ubushakashatsi buke kubibazo byihariye byo mumitekerereze cyangwa imitekerereze ikunze kugaragara mubantu bakora mubuhinzi bwinyamaswa. Ariko, imiterere yakazi, nkamasaha menshi, ibyifuzo byumubiri, hamwe no guhura nibibazo bitesha umutwe, birashobora kugira uruhare mubibazo byuburwayi bwo mumutwe. Ibi bishobora kuba bikubiyemo kwiyongera kwimyitwarire, guhangayika, kwiheba, hamwe nihungabana nyuma yo guhahamuka (PTSD). Byongeye kandi, ibibazo by'imyitwarire n'imyitwarire bifitanye isano n'ubuhinzi bw'inyamaswa nabyo bishobora kugira ingaruka kumibereho myiza ya psychologiya. Ni ngombwa kurushaho gucukumbura no gukemura ibibazo byubuzima bwo mu mutwe bwabantu muri uru ruganda kugirango batange inkunga ihagije nibikoresho.
Nigute guhangayikishwa n'amarangamutima yo gukora mubuhinzi bwinyamanswa bigira ingaruka mubuzima bwabakozi nubusabane bwabo?
Guhangayikishwa n'amarangamutima yo gukora mubuhinzi bwinyamanswa birashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye mubuzima bwabakozi nubusabane bwabo. Imiterere isaba akazi, kwibonera imibabaro y’inyamaswa, no guhangana n’imyitwarire iboneye mu nganda birashobora gutuma umunaniro ukabije, guhangayika, no kwiheba. Ibi birashobora guhungabanya umubano nimiryango ninshuti, ndetse bikagira ingaruka kubushobozi bwo kwishora mubikorwa byimibereho cyangwa gukomeza ubuzima bwiza bwakazi. Amakimbirane mbwirizamuco n'umutwaro w'amarangamutima birashobora kandi kuganisha ku byiyumvo byo kwigunga no gutandukana, bigatuma bigorana gushiraho no gukomeza amasano afite akamaro hanze yakazi.
Ni ubuhe buryo bumwe cyangwa ingamba zishobora gushyirwa mu bikorwa kugira ngo hagabanuke umubare w'imitekerereze yo gukora mu buhinzi bw'inyamaswa?
Gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba nko kongera ubumenyi n’uburere ku bijyanye n’ingaruka z’imyitwarire n’ibidukikije ku buhinzi bw’inyamanswa, gutanga ibikoresho byita ku buzima bwo mu mutwe na serivisi z’ubujyanama ku bakozi, guteza imbere umurimo mwiza kandi ushyigikirwa, no gutanga ubundi buryo n’amahirwe ku bakozi bajya mu nganda zirambye kandi zishingiye ku myifatire bishobora gufasha kugabanya umubare w’imitekerereze ikorwa mu buhinzi bw’amatungo. Byongeye kandi, gushyigikira no guharanira iterambere ry’imibereho myiza y’inyamaswa no gushyira mu bikorwa ibikorwa by’ubuhinzi birambye birashobora gufasha kugabanya ibibazo by’imyitwarire byatewe n’abakozi bakora muri uru ruganda.