Mu myaka yashize, hagaragaye impungenge n’ubukangurambaga bijyanye no gufata neza amatungo mu mirima y’uruganda. Kwiyongera kw'imbuga nkoranyambaga no kongera amakuru ku bitangazamakuru byagaragaje ukuri gukabije kw'ibi bigo, bituma abantu barakara kandi basaba impinduka. Mu gihe ubuhinzi bw’uruganda bumenyerewe mu myaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo, uruhare rw’itangazamakuru mu kwerekana urugero nyarwo rw’ubugome bw’inyamaswa muri ibyo bikorwa ntirushobora gusobanurwa. Muri iki kiganiro, tuzasesengura uburyo itangazamakuru ryagize uruhare runini mu kumenyekanisha imyitwarire mibi y’inyamaswa mu mirima y’uruganda. Kuva mu iperereza rwihishwa kugeza kuri videwo, tuzasesengura uburyo butandukanye bwakoreshejwe n’ibitangazamakuru kugira ngo tumenye kandi dusangire ukuri ku bijyanye n’uko izo nyamaswa zihatirwa gutura. Byongeye kandi, tuzasuzuma ingaruka zo gutangaza amakuru ku myitwarire y’abaguzi n’igitutu yashyize ku mabwiriza ya guverinoma n’inganda. Hamwe n'imbaraga z'itangazamakuru hazamo inshingano, kandi ni ngombwa kumva uruhare rukomeye mu kuzana impinduka zifatika mu kuvura inyamaswa mu mirima y'uruganda.
Gupfundura ukuri guhishe ukoresheje ubwishingizi
Nubushobozi bwayo bwo kugera kubantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni, gutangaza amakuru bifite ubushobozi bwo guhishura ukuri guhishe no kwerekana umwijima utagaragara munsi yinganda nkubuhinzi bwuruganda. Mugukora iperereza ryimbitse, abanyamakuru barashobora kumurikira imikorere nibikorwa bikunze gukingirwa nabantu. Bitewe n'ubwitange bwabo bwo kumenya ukuri, abahanga mu itangazamakuru bafite uruhare runini mu kwerekana ukuri gukabije k'ubugome bw'inyamaswa bugaragara mu mirima y'uruganda. Mu kugeza ibyo bibazo ku mwanya wa mbere mu myumvire ya rubanda, ibitangazamakuru bishobora kuba umusemburo w’impinduka kandi bigashishikariza abantu gufata ingamba zo kurwanya ako karengane. Imbaraga zo gutangaza amakuru zishingiye ku bushobozi bwazo bwo guha ijwi abadafite amajwi no kwita ku mibabaro ikunze guhishwa n’inyamaswa mu mirima y’uruganda.
Kugaragaza ibikorwa byubumuntu mubuhinzi
Kumenyekanisha ibikorwa byubumuntu mubuhinzi byabaye igisubizo cyingenzi cyo gutangaza amakuru mumyaka yashize. Binyuze mu itangazamakuru ryiperereza no gutanga amakuru rwihishwa, ibitangazamakuru byagaragaje ukuri gukabije kw’ubugome bw’inyamaswa mu mirima y’uruganda. Iri murikagurisha ryerekanye imiterere migufi kandi idafite isuku aho inyamaswa zibikwa, gukoresha ubuhinzi bwubugome kandi bubabaza, no kutita ku mibereho yabo. Mu gufata iri hohoterwa kuri firime no kuyisangiza rubanda, ibitangazamakuru byatumye abantu barakara kandi bituma abantu benshi basaba impinduka. Imbaraga z'itangazamakuru mu kwerekana ibikorwa bya kimuntu mu buhinzi zishingiye ku bushobozi bwazo bwo kugeza ibyo bibazo ku mwanya wa mbere mu myumvire y'abaturage, bikaduhatira guhangana n'ingaruka zishingiye ku myifatire ya gahunda yo gutanga ibiribwa.
Itangazamakuru nkumusemburo wimpinduka
Itangazamakuru ryagaragaje inshuro nyinshi kuba umusemburo w'impinduka, atari mu rwego rw'ubugome bw'inyamaswa gusa mu mirima y'uruganda ahubwo no mu bindi bibazo bitandukanye by'imibereho n'ibidukikije. Binyuze mu mbaraga zo kuvuga inkuru, gutanga raporo ziperereza, no gukwirakwiza amakuru, itangazamakuru rifite ubushobozi bwo guhindura ibitekerezo byabaturage no gukangurira abantu kugira icyo bakora. Mu kongera amajwi y'abahawe akato cyangwa bakandamijwe, ibitangazamakuru bitangaza akarengane kandi bigatera kumva ko byihutirwa kuvugurura. Ikora nk'urubuga rw'imiryango iharanira ubuvugizi, abarwanashyaka, ndetse n'abaturage bireba kugira ngo bakangurire, bigishe abaturage, kandi basabe kubazwa abari ku butegetsi. Uruhare rw'itangazamakuru nk'umusemburo w'impinduka ruri mu bushobozi bwarwo bwo gutera impuhwe, gutera ibiganiro, kandi amaherezo bigatera imbere mu iterambere.
Kwigisha rubanda binyuze mubwishingizi
Binyuze mu makuru yuzuye kandi akomeye, itangazamakuru rifite uruhare runini mu kwigisha abaturage ibijyanye n'ubugome bukabije bw'inyamaswa bugaragara mu mirima y'uruganda. Mu kumurika ibintu bikaze by’inganda, ibitangazamakuru bifite imbaraga zo kumenyesha abantu ibikorwa bitemewe nububabare bwatewe ninyamaswa.
Binyuze mu iperereza ryimbitse no kuvuga inkuru zikomeye, itangazamakuru ryita ku bihe bigoye kandi bidafite isuku aho inyamaswa zifungirwa, gukoresha buri gihe antibiyotike na hormone, ndetse n’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku mubiri no mu mutwe ryakorewe. Mugushyikiriza rubanda aya makuru n'amashusho, ibitangazamakuru bitangaza ibintu byihishe mubuhinzi bwuruganda ubundi bitagaragara.
Byongeye kandi, ibitangazamakuru bitanga urubuga rwinzobere, abaharanira uburenganzira bw’inyamaswa, hamwe n’abatanga amakuru kugira ngo basangire ubumenyi n’ubunararibonye, bigira uruhare runini mu gusobanukirwa iki kibazo kiriho. Mu kubaza abantu babimenyeshejwe no kwerekana icyo batekereza, itangazamakuru rishobora gufasha guhinyuza imigani n'ibitekerezo bitari byo bijyanye n'ubuhinzi bw'uruganda, bigateza imbere abantu babizi kandi bafite impuhwe.
Icy'ingenzi, gutangaza amakuru ntabwo bizamura imyumvire gusa ahubwo binatera ibikorwa. Mu kwerekana abareba n'abasomyi ukuri, ibitangazamakuru bishishikariza abantu guhitamo neza kubijyanye ningeso zabo zo gukoresha, nko guhitamo ibicuruzwa biva mu mico kandi bitarangwamo ubugome. Byongeye kandi, ibitangazamakuru bifite ubushobozi bwo guhindura politiki mu gushyira igitutu ku badepite, inzego zishinzwe kugenzura inganda n’inganda ubwazo kugira ngo bikemure ibibazo biri mu buhinzi bw’uruganda.
Mu gusoza, ibitangazamakuru bigira uruhare runini mu kwerekana ubugome bw’inyamaswa mu mirima y’uruganda no kwigisha abaturage. Mu kumurika ukuri kwinganda, ibitangazamakuru bifite imbaraga zo gutwika ibiganiro, guhindura ibitekerezo byabaturage, kandi amaherezo bigatera impinduka. Binyuze mu gutanga amakuru yuzuye no gutangaza inkuru zikomeye, itangazamakuru riba umusemburo w'ejo hazaza h'impuhwe kandi zirambye.
Kuzana ibitekerezo kububabare bwinyamaswa
Mugushimangira imibabaro y’inyamaswa mu mirima y’uruganda, turashobora guhindura impinduka mu myumvire y’abaturage no gutsimbataza imyumvire y’impuhwe kuri ibyo biremwa byinzirakarengane. Ibitangazamakuru bigira uruhare runini mugushira ahabona ukuri gukomeye mu buhinzi bw’uruganda no gutanga urumuri ku nyamaswa zita ku bantu zihanganira. Binyuze muri documentaire, itangazamakuru ryiperereza, hamwe nubukangurambaga bwimbuga nkoranyambaga, dushobora kugera kubantu benshi kandi tukabigisha kubyerekeye imyitwarire myiza yo guhitamo ibiryo. Mu kongera amajwi y’abaharanira uburenganzira bw’inyamaswa no gusangira inkuru zibabaza umutima z’ubugome bw’inyamaswa, turashobora gushishikariza abantu kongera gutekereza ku nkunga yabo yo guhinga uruganda no guhitamo ubundi buryo bw’impuhwe.
Kugaragaza ko hakenewe ivugurura
Uruhare rwo gutangaza amakuru mu kwerekana ubugome bw’inyamaswa mu nyandiko y’uruganda rugaragaza ko hakenewe ivugururwa mu nganda. Ibitangazamakuru bitanga uruhare runini mukuzana ibitekerezo kubikorwa bitemewe nubumuntu bibera mumirima yinganda. Mu gufata no gukwirakwiza amashusho n’inkuru z’ubugome bw’inyamaswa, itangazamakuru ryerekana umwijima utagaragara w’inganda, bigatuma sosiyete ihangana n’ukuri k’uburyo inyamaswa zifatwa muri ibyo bigo. Uku kumurika ntabwo guhungabanya abaturage gusa ahubwo binatera ibiganiro no guhamagarira ivugurura. Imbaraga z'itangazamakuru zo kumurika ibyo bibazo ni ingenzi mu gutuma abantu bumva ko ibintu byihutirwa no gukangurira abantu n'imiryango guharanira impinduka.
Kumurikira akarengane
Kugaragaza akarengane binyuze mu bitangazamakuru ni igikoresho gikomeye muri sosiyete. Mu kumurika akarengane, haba mu mibereho, politiki, cyangwa ubukungu, itangazamakuru rishyiraho urubuga rw’amajwi yahejejwe inyuma kugira ngo yumve kandi ibibazo bya sisitemu bikemuke. Binyuze mu itangazamakuru ryiperereza, documentaire, no kuvuga inkuru zikomeye, ibitangazamakuru bifite ubushobozi bwo gukurura akarengane kihishe cyangwa kirengagijwe, kongerera amajwi abarengana no kubazwa abari kubutegetsi. Iyi gahunda ntabwo ikangurira abaturage muri rusange gusa ahubwo inashishikariza abantu n’imiryango kugira icyo bakora, biteza imbere ubutabera n’uburinganire. Byongeye kandi, mu kumurikira akarengane, itangazamakuru rifite ubushobozi bwo gutangiza ibiganiro byingenzi, kurwanya amahame mbonezamubano , kandi amaherezo bigatanga inzira y'impinduka zirambye.
Mu gusoza, gutangaza amakuru bigira uruhare runini mugushyira ahagaragara gufata nabi inyamaswa mumirima yinganda. Binyuze mu itangazamakuru ryiperereza no kumenyekanisha amashusho atangaje, itangazamakuru ryamuritse imiterere nubumuntu bibaho muri ibi bigo. Turabikesha iki cyerekezo, hiyongereyeho ubukangurambaga nigitutu cyimpinduka muruganda. Nyamara, ni ngombwa ko abaguzi bakomeza kwiyigisha no gushyigikira ibikorwa by’ubuhinzi bw’imyitwarire n’ubumuntu kugira ngo bagire icyo bahindura ku mibereho y’inyamaswa. Ninshingano zacu gusaba gukorera mu mucyo no kubazwa ibigo kubikorwa byabo. Icyo gihe ni bwo dushobora rwose kugira ingaruka nziza no kurema isi yuzuye impuhwe kubiremwa byose.
Ibibazo
Nigute itangazamakuru rigira uruhare mukugaragaza ubugome bwinyamaswa mumirima yinganda no gukangurira abaturage kumenya iki kibazo?
Ibitangazamakuru bigira uruhare runini mu kwerekana ubugome bw’inyamaswa mu mirima y’uruganda no gukangurira abaturage kumenya iki kibazo. Binyuze mu itangazamakuru ryiperereza hamwe na documentaire, ibitangazamakuru birashobora kumurika imikorere idahwitse nuburyo inyamaswa zihanganira muri ibyo bigo. Iyi nkuru ituma abaturage bibonera ubwabo imibabaro n’ihohoterwa riba, bigatera umujinya no guhamagarira impinduka. Byongeye kandi, ibitangazamakuru bishobora kwigisha no kumenyesha abaturage ingaruka z’ibidukikije n’ubuzima by’ubuhinzi bw’uruganda. Mu kumenyekanisha ibyo bibazo, ibitangazamakuru bishobora gufasha gukangurira abantu ibitekerezo, gufata ingamba, no gushishikariza abantu guhitamo neza kandi bafite imyitwarire myiza kubijyanye no kurya ibikomoka ku nyamaswa.
Ni izihe ngero zimwe zerekana amakuru yatangajwe mu bitangazamakuru byagaragaje ubugome bw’inyamaswa mu mirima y’uruganda kandi biganisha ku mpinduka zikomeye mu bitekerezo rusange cyangwa amategeko?
Urugero rumwe rwo gutangaza amakuru akomeye ni documentaire “Ibiryo, Inc.” ryerekanaga imiterere mumirima yinganda ningaruka zayo ku nyamaswa. Iyi filime yatumye abantu barushaho gukanguka no kurakara mu baturage, bituma havuka ibiganiro bijyanye no kuvura inyamaswa mu nganda z’ibiribwa. Urundi rugero ni iperereza rwihishwa ryakozwe na Mercy For Animals mu 2011, ryafashe amashusho y’ihohoterwa ry’inyamaswa mu batanga amagi akomeye. Iyi videwo yagiye ahagaragara, bituma abantu bataka kandi bafata ibyemezo, ibihugu byinshi bishyira mu bikorwa amabwiriza akomeye ku mirima y'uruganda. Izi ngero zerekana uburyo itangazamakuru rishobora guteza impinduka mukumenyesha no gukangurira abaturage kubibazo byubugome bwinyamaswa mumirima yinganda.
Ni izihe mbogamizi abanyamakuru bahura nazo iyo batanga raporo ku bugome bw’inyamaswa mu mirima y’uruganda, kandi ni gute bashobora gutsinda izo nzitizi kugira ngo bakore neza?
Abanyamakuru bahura nibibazo byinshi mugihe batanga raporo kubugome bwinyamaswa mumirima yinganda. Ibi birimo uburyo buke bwo kugera kubikoresho, iterabwoba ryikurikiranarubanza, no kurwanya inganda. Kugira ngo batsinde izo nzitizi, abanyamakuru barashobora gukoresha iperereza rwihishwa, bakubaka umubano n’abatanga amakuru, kandi bagafatanya n’imiryango iharanira uburenganzira bw’inyamaswa. Barashobora kandi kugenzura amakuru binyuze mumasoko menshi kandi bakerekana icyerekezo cyuzuye kugirango bizewe. Byongeye kandi, abanyamakuru barashobora gukangurira abaturage, gukomeza amahame mbwirizamuco, no guharanira ko politiki ihinduka kugira ngo bakemure ubugizi bwa nabi bw’inyamaswa mu mirima y’uruganda.
Nigute itangazamakuru rivuga ku bugome bw’inyamaswa mu mirima y’uruganda rigira ingaruka ku myitwarire y’abaguzi, nko gufata ibyemezo byo kugura no gutera inkunga imiryango ishinzwe imibereho myiza y’inyamaswa?
Itangazamakuru ryerekana ubugome bwinyamaswa mumirima yinganda zirashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye kumyitwarire yabaguzi. Iyo abaguzi bahuye nubwishingizi nkubwo, birashobora gutuma abantu bumva kandi bakababarana nububabare bwinyamaswa muriyi mirima. Ubu bumenyi bushya bushobora guhindura ibyemezo byabo byo kugura, bikabayobora guhitamo ibicuruzwa bikomoka kumico kandi byubumuntu. Byongeye kandi, ibitangazamakuru bishobora kandi kongera inkunga ku miryango ishinzwe imibereho myiza y’inyamaswa mu gihe abaguzi bashaka gufata ingamba no gushyigikira ingamba zigamije kuzamura imibereho y’inyamaswa . Muri rusange, ibitangazamakuru bigira uruhare runini mu guhindura imyitwarire y’abaguzi no guteza imbere kwita ku mibereho y’inyamaswa.
Ni ibihe bintu bimwe bishobora gutekereza ku myitwarire abanyamakuru n'ibitangazamakuru bagomba kuzirikana mugihe batanga amakuru ku bugome bw’inyamaswa mu mirima y’uruganda, cyane cyane mu rwego rwo kuringaniza ibikenewe gushyira ahagaragara amakosa no kurengera ubuzima bwite bw’abantu cyangwa ubucuruzi babigizemo uruhare?
Abanyamakuru nibitangazamakuru bivuga ku bugome bw’inyamaswa mu mirima y’uruganda bigomba kugendera ku myitwarire y’imyitwarire yo kwerekana amakosa mu gihe cyo kurinda ubuzima bwite. Bagomba gushyira imbere uburenganzira bwabaturage bwo kumenya ibijyanye n’imibereho y’inyamaswa no kubiryozwa. Ariko, bagomba kandi kuzirikana kutarenganya abantu cyangwa ubucuruzi, bishobora kuviramo kwangirika kwicyubahiro, ingaruka zamategeko, cyangwa kwibasira ubuzima bwite. Ni ngombwa gushyira mu gaciro hibandwa ku bibazo bya sisitemu utiriwe usuzugura bitari ngombwa abantu cyangwa ibigo runaka, ukemeza ko raporo ari ukuri, ikwiye, kandi ishinzwe.