Okwezilwane
Ngokubambisana, sakha umhlaba lapho izinkukhu, izinkomo, izingulube, nazo zonke izilwane zibonwa njengezidalwa ezizwelayo—ezikwazi ukuzwa, ezifanelwe inkululeko. Futhi ngeke sime kuze kube yilapho lowo mhlaba ukhona.
Ukuhlupheka buthule
Ngemuva kweminyango evaliwe yamapulazi efektri, izinkulungwane zezigidi zezilwane zihlala ebumnyameni nasezinhlungwini. Banomuzwa, besaba, futhi bafisa ukuphila, kepha ukukhala kwabo akukaze kuzwakale.
Amaqiniso asemqoka:
- Amakheji amancane, angcolile angenayo inkululeko yokunyakaza noma ukuveza ukuziphatha kwemvelo.
- Omama bahlukaniswe ababodwa kungakapheli amahora amaningi, kubangele ukucindezela okukhulu.
- Imikhuba enesihluku njenge-debeaking, umsila we-docking, nokuzalela okuphoqelelwe.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwama-hormone okukhula nokudla okungeyona okungokwemvelo ukusheshisa ukukhiqizwa.
- Ukubulawa ngaphambi kokufinyelela isikhathi sabo semvelo sokuphila.
- Ukuhlukumezeka kwengqondo kusuka ekuvaleni nasekuhlukaniseni.
- Abaningi bafa ekulimaleni okungalawulwa noma ukugula ngenxa yokunganakwa.
Bazizwa. Bahlupheka. Bafanelwe ngcono .
Ukuqeda Ukulima Kwasembonini Unya Nokuhlupheka Kwezilwane
Emhlabeni wonke, izigidigidi zezilwane ziyahlupheka emapulazini emboni. Bavalelwe, balinyazwa, futhi abanakwa ukuze bathole inzuzo nesiko. Inombolo ngayinye imelela ukuphila kwangempela: ingulube efuna ukudlala, isikhukhukazi esizwa ukwesaba, inkomo eyakha izibopho eziseduze. Lezi zilwane aziyona imishini noma imikhiqizo. Bayizidalwa ezizwelayo ezinemizwa, futhi bafanelwe isithunzi nozwelo.
Leli khasi libonisa lokho lezi zilwane ezibekezelela. Iveza unya olusezimbonini zokulima nezinye izimboni zokudla ezixhaphaza izilwane ngezinga elikhulu. Lezi zinhlelo azigcini nje ngokulimaza izilwane kodwa futhi zilimaza imvelo futhi zisongela impilo yomphakathi. Okubaluleke nakakhulu, lokhu ukubizela esenzweni. Uma sesilazi iqiniso, kuba nzima ukungalinaki. Uma sibuqonda ubuhlungu babo, singasiza ngokwenza ukukhetha okusimeme futhi sikhethe ukudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni. Ngokubambisana, singanciphisa ukuhlupheka kwezilwane futhi sidale umhlaba onomusa, olungile.
Ngaphakathi kokulima efektri
Abangafuni ukuthi ubone
ISINGENISO SOKUQHAWULA KWEMPILO
Kuyini ukulima efektri?
Unyaka ngamunye, izilwane ezingaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-100 emhlabeni wonke zibulawa inyama, ubisi, neminye imikhiqizo yezilwane. Lokhu kufinyelela emakhulwini ezigidi usuku ngalunye. Iningi lalezi zilwane zikhuliswa ngaphansi kwezimo eziminyene, ezingcolile, nezicindezelayo. Lezi zinsiza zibizwa ngokuthi amafamu efektri.
Ukulima kwasefekthri kuyindlela yezimboni yokukhulisa izilwane egxile ekusebenzeni kahle kanye nenzuzo kunenhlalakahle yazo. E-UK, manje sekungaphezu kwe-1,800 yale misebenzi, futhi leli nani lilokhu likhula. Izilwane kula mapulazi zigcwele ezindaweni eziminyene ezinothile noma zingacebisi nhlobo, ngokuvamile zintula izindinganiso zezenhlalakahle eziyisisekelo.
Ayikho incazelo yendawo yonke yepulazi lemboni. E-UK, ukusebenza kwemfuyo kuthathwa ngokuthi "okujulile" uma kugcina izinkukhu ezingaphezu kuka-40,000, izingulube ezingu-2,000, noma izingulube zokuzalanisa ezingu-750. Amapulazi ezinkomo awalawulwa kakhulu kulolu hlelo. E-US, le misebenzi emikhulu ibizwa nge-Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs). Indawo eyodwa ingase ifuye izinkukhu ezingu-125,000, izinkukhu zamaqanda ezingu-82,000, izingulube ezingu-2,500, noma izinkomo eziyinkulungwane.
Emhlabeni jikelele, kulinganiselwa ukuthi cishe izilwane ezintathu kwezine ezifuywayo zikhuliswa emapulazini efekthri, ingqikithi yezilwane eziyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-23 nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.
Nakuba izimo zihluka ngezinhlobo nezwe, ukulima kwasefekthri ngokuvamile kususa izilwane ekuziphatheni kwazo okungokwemvelo nasezindaweni ezizungezile. Uma sekusekelwe emapulazini amancane, aphethwe imindeni, ukulima kwezilwane kwesimanje sekuphenduke imodeli egxile enzuzweni efana nokukhiqiza umugqa wokuhlanganisa. Kulezi zinhlelo, izilwane kungenzeka zingalokothi zibone ukukhanya kwemini, zihambe otshanini, noma zenze ngokwemvelo.
Ukwandisa umkhiqizo, izilwane zivame ukuzalaniswa ngokukhetha ukuze zikhule zibe zinkulu noma zikhiqize ubisi noma amaqanda amaningi kunalokho imizimba yazo engakwazi ukuwalawula. Ngenxa yalokho, abaningi baba nobuhlungu obungapheli, ukuxhwala, noma ukwehluleka kwezitho zomzimba. Ukuntuleka kwendawo nokuhlanzeka kuvame ukuholela ekuqubukeni kwezifo, okubangela ukusetshenziswa kabanzi kwemithi elwa namagciwane ukuze nje kugcinwe izilwane ziphila kuze kuhlatshwe.
Ukulima emafekthri kunomthelela omkhulu—hhayi nje enhlalakahleni yezilwane, kodwa nasemhlabeni wethu nempilo yethu. Inomthelela ekulimaleni kwemvelo, ikhuthaza ukwanda kwamagciwane amelana nemithi elwa namagciwane, futhi ibeka engcupheni yezifo eziwubhadane ezingaba khona. Ukulima kwasefekthri kuyinkinga ethinta izilwane, abantu, kanye nemvelo ngokufanayo.
Kwenzekani emapulazini efektri?
Ukwelashwa ngobuntu
Ukulima efektri kuvame ukubandakanya imikhuba abaningi ababheka ngobuntu obungemvelo. Ngenkathi abaholi bezimboni bencane banciphise isihluku, imikhuba evamile - njengokuhlukanisa amathole komama babo, izinqubo ezibuhlungu ezinjengekusasa ngaphandle kobuhlungu, futhi ukuphika izilwane noma yikuphi okuhlangenwe nakho kwangaphandle - upende isithombe sangaphandle. Kwabameli abaningi, isimo esihlupheka esijwayelekile kulezi zinhlelo sikhombisa ukuthi ukulima ifektri kanye nokwelashwa okunobuntu akuhambelani ngokuyisisekelo.
Izilwane zivaliwe
Ukuvalelwa ngokweqile kuyisici esibalulekile sokulima efekthri. Kubangela isithukuthezi, ukukhungatheka, nokucindezeleka okukhulu ezilwaneni. Izinkomo zobisi ezitayeleni zivalelwe imini nobusuku, zingabi namathuba amancane okuhamba. Ngisho nasezindaweni ezivulekile, izimpilo zabo zichithelwa endlini ngokuphelele. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi izilwane ezivalelwe zihlupheka kakhulu kunezo ezikhuliswe emadlelweni. Izikhukhukazi ezizalela amaqanda zipakishwa emakhejini ebhethri, ngalinye linikezwa indawo elingana nephepha. Izingulube ezizalayo zigcinwa emakhrethini okumitha amancane kangangokuthi azikwazi nokuphenduka, zibhekene nalo mkhawulo isikhathi esiningi sezimpilo zazo.
Izinkukhu ezibucayi
Izinkukhu zithembele emilonyeni yazo ukuze zihlole indawo ezikuyo, njengoba nje sisebenzisa izandla zethu. Nokho, emapulazini emboni aminyene, ukucofa kwawo ngokwemvelo kungase kube nolaka, kubangele ukulimala ngisho nokudla abantu. Kunokuba banikeze indawo eyengeziwe, abakhiqizi bavame ukusika ingxenye yoqhwaku ngensingo eshisayo, inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi ukudebeza. Lokhu kubangela kokubili ubuhlungu obusheshayo nobuhlala njalo. Izinkukhu ezihlala ezindaweni zemvelo aziyidingi le nqubo, okubonisa ukuthi ukulima kwasefekthri kudala izinkinga ezizama ukuzilungisa.
Izinkomo nezingulube zihlelwe ngomsila
Izilwane emapulazini efektri, njengezinkomo, izingulube nezimvu, zivame ukususwa kwemisila yazo - inqubo eyaziwa ngokuthi yi-tail-docking. Le nqubo ebuhlungu imvamisa yenziwa ngaphandle kwe-anesthesia, okubangela usizi olukhulu. Ezinye izifunda ziye zakuvimbela ngokuphelele ngenxa yokukhathazeka ngokuhlupheka isikhathi eside. Ezingulubeni, i-tail-docking ihloselwe ukunciphisa umsila okuluma - ukuziphatha okubangelwa yingcindezi nokuxineka kwezimo zokuphila ezigcwele kakhulu. Ukususa i-TUFT yomsila noma ubuhlungu obudala kukholakala ukuthi kwenza izingulube zibe mancane ukuluma. Ngezinkomo, umkhuba wenziwa kakhulu ukwenza ubisi lula kubasebenzi. Ngenkathi abanye embonini yobisi bathi kuthuthukisa inhlanzeko, izifundo eziningi ziye zangabaza lezi zinzuzo futhi zibonise ukuthi inqubo ingenza ingozi enkulu kunokuhle.
Ukukhohlisa kofuzo
Ukukhohlisa kwezakhi zofuzo emapulazini efektri kuvame ukubandakanya izilwane ezifuzayo ukuthuthukisa izici ezizuzisa ukukhiqizwa. Isibonelo, izinkukhu ezenziwa ngama-broiler zibalwa ukuze zikhule amabele amakhulu angajwayelekile ukuze ahlangabezane nesidingo sabathengi. Kepha lokhu kukhula okungeyona okungokwemvelo kubangela izinkinga ezinkulu zempilo, kubandakanya nobuhlungu obuhlangene, ukwehluleka kwesitho, nokuncishiswa kokuhamba. Kwezinye izimo, izinkomo zivezwa ngaphandle kwezimpondo ukuze zifanelwe izilwane eziningi zibe yizikhala ezinabantu abaningi. Ngenkathi lokhu kungandisa ukusebenza kahle, kunganaki i-biology yemvelo yesilwane futhi kunciphise ikhwalithi yempilo yabo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, imikhuba enjalo yokuzalela yehlisa ukwahlukahlukana, okwenza izilwane zibe sengozini enkulu yezifo. Ebuntwini abaningi bezilwane ezicishe zifane, amagciwane angasakazeka ngokushesha futhi aguqule kalula amanga angabizi ezilwaneni kodwa nasempilweni yabantu.
Yiziphi izilwane ezilimale efektri?
Izinkukhu, kude, ziyizilwane ezifuywa kakhulu emhlabeni. Nganoma isiphi isikhathi, kunezinkukhu ezingaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-26 eziphilayo, okungaphezu kokuphindwe kathathu inani labantu. Ngo-2023, kwahlatshwa izinkukhu ezingaphezu kwezigidigidi ezingama-76 emhlabeni jikelele. Iningi lalezi zinyoni lichitha ukuphila kwazo okufushane ezindlini eziminyene, ezingenamafasitela lapho zinqatshelwa khona ukuziphatha kwemvelo, indawo eyanele, kanye nenhlalakahle eyisisekelo.
Izingulube nazo zibekezelela ukufuywa kwezimboni. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi okungenani ingxenye yezingulube zomhlaba ifuywa emapulazini emboni. Abaningi bazalelwa ngaphakathi kwamakhreyithi ensimbi aqinile futhi bachitha izimpilo zabo zonke ezivalekile ezingenandawo yokunyakaza ngaphambi kokuba bayiswe ekuhlatshweni. Lezi zilwane ezihlakaniphe kakhulu zivame ukuncishwa ukunothisa futhi zihlupheka kokubili ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo.
Izinkomo ezifuyelwe kokubili ubisi nenyama nazo ziyathinteka. Izinkomo eziningi ezinhlelweni zezimboni zihlala endlini ezimeni ezingcolile, eziminyene. Azikwazi ukufinyelela emadlelweni futhi azikwazi ukudla. Baphuthelwa ukuxhumana nabantu kanye nethuba lokunakekela izingane zabo. Izimpilo zabo zigxile ngokuphelele ekuhlangabezaneni nemigomo yokukhiqiza kunasenhlalakahleni yabo.
Ngaphandle kwalezi zinhlobo ezaziwayo, ezinhlobonhlobo zezinye izilwane nazo zibhekwa efektri. Onogwaja, amadada, ama-turkeys, nezinye izinhlobo zezinkukhu, kanye nezinhlanzi kanye ne-shellfish, ziya ngokuya ziphakanyiswa ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo zezimboni.
Ikakhulukazi, i-aquaculture-ukulima izinhlanzi nezinye izilwane zasemanzini-kukhule ngokushesha eminyakeni yamuva. Nakuba kuvame ukunganakwa ezingxoxweni ezimayelana nezolimo zezilwane, i-aquaculture manje idlula izindawo zokudoba zasendle ekukhiqizweni komhlaba. Ngo-2022, kumathani ayizigidi ezingu-185 ezilwane zasemanzini ezikhiqizwa emhlabeni wonke, ama-51% (amathani ayizigidi ezingu-94) avela emapulazini ezinhlanzi, kanti ama-49% (amathani ayizigidi ezingu-91) avela ekubanjweni zasendle. Lezi zinhlanzi ezifuywayo ngokuvamile zikhuliswa emathangeni aminyene noma ezibayeni zasolwandle, ezinekhwalithi yamanzi ephansi, amazinga aphezulu okucindezeleka, kanye nendawo encane yokubhukuda ngokukhululeka.
Noma ngabe ngomhlaba noma emanzini, ukwanda kokulima efektri kuyaqhubeka nokuphakamisa ukucindezela okuphathelene nenhlalonhle yezilwane, ukusimama kwemvelo kanye nempilo yomphakathi. Ukuqonda ukuthi yiziphi izilwane ezithintekile isinyathelo sokuqala esibalulekile ekuguquleni ukuthi ukudla kukhiqizwa kanjani.
Izithenjwa
- Umhlaba wethu kudatha. 2025. Zingaki izilwane ezilimale efektri? Kutholakala ku:
https://ourworldindata.org/how-Mamaly-anols-are-are - Umhlaba wethu kudatha. 2025. Inani lezinkukhu, ngo-1961 liye ku-2022. Kutholakala ku:
https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/animal-Welfare - Fuostat. 2025. Izilimo nemikhiqizo yemfuyo. Kutholakala ku:
https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/ - Ububele ekulimaleni komhlaba. 2025 inhlala-kahle yengulube. 2015. Kutholakala ku:
https://www.ciwf.org.uk/farm-animals/pigs/pig-welfAre/pig-welfAre/ - Inhlangano yokudla nezolimo yeNhlangano Yezizwe (i-FAO). 2018
Inani lezilwane ezibulawe
Zingaki izilwane ezibulawa emhlabeni wonke unyaka ngamunye ukuze inyama, inhlanzi, noma i-shellfish?
Njalo ngonyaka, cishe izilwane zomhlaba ezingama-83 zezigidi zezigidi kuhlatshwa inyama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izigidigidi eziningi zezinhlanzi kanye nama-shellfish zibulawa - izinombolo ziningi zivame ukukalwa ngesisindo kunokuba ziphile.
Izilwane zomhlaba
Izinkukhu
75,208,676,000
Ama-turkeys
515,228,000
Izimvu namawundlu
637,269,688
Izingulube
1,491,997,360
Izinkomo
308,640,252
Amadada
3,190,336,000
I-Goose kanye ne-Guinea Fobini
750,032,000
Izimbuzi
504,135,884
Amahhashi
4,650,017
Onogwaja
533,489,000
Izilwane zasemanzini
Inhlanzi yasendle
1.1 kuya ku-2.2 trillion
Ayifaki ukudoba okungekho emthethweni, ukulahla kanye nokudoba okuyisipoki
I-Shellfish yasendle
Izigidigidi eziningi
Inhlanzi epulazi
124 billion
AmaCrustaceans alima
253 kuya ku-605 billion
Izithenjwa
- I-Mood A neBrooo P. 2024. Ukulinganisa izinombolo zezinhlanzi zomhlaba ezibanjwe kusukela endle minyaka yonke kusuka ngo-2000 kuya ku-2019. Inhlala-kahle yezilwane. 33, E6.
- Amanani ama-crustaceans apulazi.
https://fishcount.org.uk/fiount-estimates-2/numbers-fer-fecapod-duskans.
Ukubulawa: Zibulawa kanjani izilwane?
Nsuku zonke, cishe izilwane zasemhlabeni eziyizigidi ezingama-200 - kufaka phakathi izinkomo, izingulube, izimvu, izinkukhu, ama-turkeys namadada - zithuthwa zithuthelwe ezihlalweni. Hhayi eyodwa ehamba ngokuzikhethela, futhi akekho oshiya ephila.
Iyini i-CASUNTHERE?
Isilaha yindawo lapho kubulawa khona izilwane ezifuywayo bese imizimba yazo ibe inyama neminye imikhiqizo. Le misebenzi igxile ekusebenzeni kahle, ukubeka isivinini kanye nokuphumayo ngaphambi kwenhlalakahle yezilwane.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ilebula esemkhiqizweni wokugcina ithini—kungakhathaliseki ukuthi “i-free-range,” “organic,” noma “dlelo-raised”—umphumela uyafana: ukufa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwesilwane esingafuni ukufa. Ayikho indlela yokuhlaba, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi idayiswa kanjani, engasusa ubuhlungu, ukwesaba, kanye nokuhlukumezeka kwezilwane ezibhekana nazo ezikhathini zazo zokugcina. Abaningi balabo ababulawayo basebancane, ngokuvamile nje izingane noma intsha ngokwezindinganiso zabantu, futhi abanye baze bakhulelwe ngesikhathi sokuhlatshwa.
Zibulawa kanjani izilwane ezihlanjululweni ezihlanjululwe?
Ukubulawa kwezilwane ezinkulu
Imithetho Ehlanjiwe idinga lezo zinkomo, izingulube, nezimvu 'zithuke "ngaphambi kokuba ama-throats abo acashile ukwenza ukufa ngokulahleka kwegazi. Kodwa izindlela ezimangalisa - ekuqaleni zenzelwe ukuba zibuthakathaka - zivame ukuba buhlungu, ezingathembekile, futhi zihluleka njalo. Ngenxa yalokho, izilwane eziningi zihlala ziqaphela njengoba zisopha kuze kube sekufeni.
Abathunjiwe bolt emangalisa
I-bap bolt yindlela ejwayelekile esetshenziselwa "ama-stun" izinkomo ngaphambi kokubulawa. Kubandakanya ukudubula induku yensimbi egebhelweni lesilwane ukuze libangele usizi lobuchopho. Kodwa-ke, le ndlela ivame ukwehluleka, idinga imizamo eminingi futhi ishiye izilwane ezithile ziqaphela futhi zisezinhlungwini. Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi aluthembekile futhi kungaholela ekuhluphekeni okukhulu ngaphambi kokufa.
Okumangalisa Kagesi
Ngale ndlela, izingulube zicwiliswe ngamanzi bese zishaqeka ngomsinga kagesi ekhanda ukuze zibangele ukuquleka. Noma kunjalo, le ndlela ayisebenzi ezikhathini eziningi ezifika ku-31%, okuholela ekutheni izingulube eziningi zihlale ziqwashile ngesikhathi sokunqunywa umphimbo wazo. Le ndlela futhi isetshenziselwa ukuqeda izingulube ezibuthakathaka noma ezingafuneki, eziveza izinkinga ezibalulekile zenhlalakahle yezilwane.
Igesi emangalisa
Le ndlela ifaka ukubeka izingulube emakamelweni agcwele amazinga aphezulu e-carbon dioxide (Co₂), ahlose ukubabalaza bangazi lutho. Kodwa-ke, inqubo ihamba kancane, ayithembekile, futhi icindezela kakhulu. Noma kusebenza, ukuphefumula okuhlanganisiwe co₂ kubangela ubuhlungu obukhulu, ukwethuka, nokuhlupheka okuphefumula ngaphambi kokulahleka kokwazi.
Kuhlaba izinkukhu
Okumangalisa Kagesi
Izinkukhu nama-turkeys zihlatshwe umxhwele zibheke phezulu - zivame ukudala amathambo aphukile - ngaphambi kokuba adonswe ngebhavu lamanzi enziwe ngogesi kwakusho ukubabaza. Indlela ayithembeki, futhi izinyoni eziningi zihlala zikwazi lapho ama-Throats awo acwebezela noma lapho efika ethangini elisenkingeni, lapho abanye bebilisiwe bephila.
Ukubulawa kwegesi
E-PoulTry Scurehhousees, amakhreyithi ezinyoni ezibukhoma abekwe emakamelweni kaphethiloli esebenzisa i-carbon dioxide noma i-inert amagesi afana ne-argon. Yize i-Co₂ ibuhlungu futhi isebenza kangako ngokumangazayo kunegesi, ishibhile - ngakho-ke kuhlala kuyindlela ekhethwe imboni naphezu kokuhlupheka okungeziwe kweze kube yinhloso yezenziso.
Kungani ukulima efektri kubi?
Ukulima efektri kubeka izinsongo ezinkulu ezilwaneni, imvelo kanye nempilo yabantu. Kuyaziwa kabanzi njengohlelo olungagcineki olungaholela emiphumeleni eyinhlekelele emashumini eminyaka azayo.
Inhlalakahle Yezilwane
I-Factory Farming iphika izilwane ngisho nezidingo zazo eziyisisekelo. Izingulube azikaze zizwe umhlaba ngaphansi kwazo, izinkomo zidwengulwa amathole azo, futhi amadada agcinwa emanzini. Iningi libulawa njengezingane. Ayikho ilebula elingafihla ukuhlupheka - ngemuva kwazo zonke izitika "zenhlala-kahle ephakeme kuyimpilo yokuxineka, izinhlungu nokwesaba.
Umthelela wendawo
Ukulima efektri kuyalimaza kakhulu iplanethi. Inesibopho cishe ama-20% okukhishwa kwegesi okuvikela abamba ukushisa emhlabeni wonke futhi adla amanani amaningi amanzi - kuzo zombili izilwane nokudla kwazo. Lawa mapulazi angcolisa imifula, avuse izindawo ezifile emachibini, futhi aqhube isikhathi esiningi samahlathi, njengoba ingxenye yesithathu yazo zonke izimbono zikhula ukuze zondle izilwane ezilimazeke - kaningi emahlathini asusiwe.
Impilo Yomphakathi
Ukulima efektri kubeka usongo olukhulu empilweni yomhlaba. Cishe ama-75% ama-antibiotics omhlaba asetshenziswa ezilwaneni ezilimazayo, ukushayela ukumelana namagciwane akwazi ukumelana nomdlavuza ekufeni komhlaba ngo-2050. Ukuqeda ukulima efektri akuyona nje indlela yokuziphatha - kubalulekile ukuze sisinde.
Izithenjwa
- I-XU X, Sharma P, Shu S et al. 2021. Ukukhishwa kwegesi yomhlaba wonke kusuka ekudleni okususelwa ezilwaneni kukhona kabili lokho kokudla okususelwa kwizitshalo. Ukudla kwemvelo. 2, 724-732. Kutholakala ku:
http://www.fao.org/3/a0701e.pdf - Walsh, F. 2014. Ama-Superbugs ukubulala 'ngaphezu komdlavuza' ngo-2050 ngo-2050. I-AT:
https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/Health-30416844
Igalari Yezithombe
Isiyalo
Lesi sigaba esilandelayo siqukethe okuqukethwe okucacile okuthi abanye ababukeli bangakuthola kucasula.
Amaqiniso
Ama-franganchickens
I-Bred for inzuzo, izinkukhu zenyama zikhula ngokushesha kakhulu imizimba yazo yehluleka. Abaningi bahlushwa i-Organ Collapse-yingakho igama elithi "uFranknChickens" noma "PlofKkips" (liqhuma izinkukhu).
Ngemuva kwemigoqo
Ubhajwe amakhrati amakhulu kunemizimba yabo, izingulube ezikhulelwe zikhuthazelela ukukhulelwa konke kungakwazi ukuhambisa - ukuvalelwa okunonya kwezinto ezihlakaniphile, ezinobumfihlo.
Ukubulawa Okuthule
Emapulazini obisi, cishe isigamu sawo wonke amathole abulawa ukuze nje abe nowesilisa ngaphandle kokuhluleka ukukhiqiza ubisi, bathathwa njengezesizingeli futhi babulawa ngempumelelo kungakapheli amasonto noma izinyanga zokuzalwa.
Ukunqunywa
Uqhwaku, imisila, amazinyo nezinzwane kuyanqunywa—ngaphandle kokulaliswa izinzwa—ukuze kube lula ukuvalela izilwane ezimweni eziminyene, nezicindezelayo. Ukuhlupheka akwenzeki ngephutha—kwakhelwe ohlelweni.
Izilwane Ezolimo Zezilwane
Izingqinamba Ezinazo
Unya Lwezilwane
Ukuhlolwa Kwezilwane
Izingubo
Izilwane Eziwumngane
Ukuvalelwa
Ezokuzijabulisa
Imikhuba Yokulima Embonini
Ukudla
Hlaba
Ezokuthutha
Izilwane zasendle
Kwakamuva
Ukuxhashazwa kwezilwane kuyindaba edlangile osekungamakhulu eminyaka ihlupha umphakathi wethu. Kusukela ekusebenziseni izilwane ukudla, okokugqoka, ukuzijabulisa,...
Ngokuqwashisa okwandayo komthelela omubi wemikhuba yethu yokudla kwansuku zonke endaweni ezungezile nenhlalakahle yezilwane, izimiso zokuziphatha...
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, igama elithi “bunny hugger” belisetshenziswa ukugcona nokubukela phansi labo abalwela amalungelo ezilwane...
Ulwandle lumboza ngaphezu kwama-70% obuso boMhlaba futhi luyikhaya lezinhlobonhlobo zezilwane zasemanzini. E...
I-Veganism ingaphezu nje kokukhetha ukudla-imele ukuzibophezela okujulile kwezimiso zokuziphatha nokuziphatha ekwehliseni ukulimala kanye nokukhuthaza ...
Ukulima kwasefekthri sekuphenduke umkhuba osabalele, oguqula indlela abantu abaxhumana ngayo nezilwane futhi ulolonge ubudlelwano bethu nazo...
Ukuzwela Kwezilwane
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Onogwaja ngokuvamile bayizilwane ezinempilo, ezikhuthele futhi ezihlala nabantu, kodwa njenganoma yisiphi isilwane esifuywayo, bangagula. Njengezilwane ezizingelayo,...
Izilaha izindawo lapho izilwane zigaywa khona ukuze kutholwe inyama neminye imikhiqizo yezilwane. Ngenkathi abantu abaningi bengazi nge ...
Izingulube sekuyisikhathi eside zihlotshaniswa nempilo yasepulazini, ngokuvamile ibhekwa njengezilwane ezingcolile, ezingahlakaniphile. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo lwakamuva luphonsela inselelo lokhu...
Inhlalakahle Yezilwane Namalungelo
Ukuxhashazwa kwezilwane kuyindaba edlangile osekungamakhulu eminyaka ihlupha umphakathi wethu. Kusukela ekusebenziseni izilwane ukudla, okokugqoka, ukuzijabulisa,...
Ngokuqwashisa okwandayo komthelela omubi wemikhuba yethu yokudla kwansuku zonke endaweni ezungezile nenhlalakahle yezilwane, izimiso zokuziphatha...
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, igama elithi “bunny hugger” belisetshenziswa ukugcona nokubukela phansi labo abalwela amalungelo ezilwane...
I-Veganism ingaphezu nje kokukhetha ukudla-imele ukuzibophezela okujulile kwezimiso zokuziphatha nokuziphatha ekwehliseni ukulimala kanye nokukhuthaza ...
Ubudlelwano phakathi kwamalungelo ezilwane namalungelo abantu sekuyisikhathi eside kuyimpikiswano yefilosofi, yokuziphatha, kanye nezomthetho. Ngenkathi...
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, umqondo wezolimo zamaselula, owaziwa nangokuthi inyama ekhuliswe elebhu, uthole ukunakwa okubalulekile njengento engaba khona...
Ukulima Kwemboni
Ulwandle lumboza ngaphezu kwama-70% obuso boMhlaba futhi luyikhaya lezinhlobonhlobo zezilwane zasemanzini. E...
Izinkukhu ezisinda ezimeni ezinyantisayo zamashedi wenyama noma amakheji amabhethri zivame ukuhlushwa isihluku esikhulu kakhulu njengoba...
Iqiniso elinokhahlo lokuhamba ngenkondlweni nokubulawa: Ukwembulela unya ezimbonini zenyama nezobisi
Ukwembula Okuthusayo: Izinhlobo Eziyisi-6 Zokuhlukumeza Izingulube Zibekezelela Emapulazini Efekthri
Ukulima kwasefekthri, okwaziwa nangokuthi ukulima kwezimboni, sekuyinto evamile ekukhiqizweni kokudla emhlabeni wonke. Nakuba kungase...
Izinkinga
Ukuxhashazwa kwezilwane kuyindaba edlangile osekungamakhulu eminyaka ihlupha umphakathi wethu. Kusukela ekusebenziseni izilwane ukudla, okokugqoka, ukuzijabulisa,...
Ukulima kwasefekthri sekuphenduke umkhuba osabalele, oguqula indlela abantu abaxhumana ngayo nezilwane futhi ulolonge ubudlelwano bethu nazo...
Ukuhlukunyezwa kwezingane kanye nemiphumela yako yesikhathi eside kuye kwacwaningwa kabanzi futhi kwabhalwa phansi. Kodwa-ke, isici esisodwa esivame ukunganakwa ...
Unya lwezilwane luyinkinga egcwele yonke indawo osekungamakhulu eminyaka ihlupha imiphakathi, izidalwa ezingenacala ezingenakubalwa ziba yizisulu zodlame,...
Ukulima kwasefekthri, indlela enezimboni kakhulu futhi ejulile yokukhulisa izilwane ukuze kukhiqizwe ukudla, sekuyinkinga enkulu yezemvelo....
