Sekungamashumi eminyaka, imboni yezolimo yezilwane isebenzisa umkhankaso wolwazi oluyindida ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yezilwane. Lo mbiko, ofinyezwe ngu-Simon Zschieschang futhi usekelwe ocwaningweni luka-Carter (2024), uhlolisisa amaqhinga asetshenziswa imboni futhi uphakamisa izisombululo zokulwa nale mikhuba ekhohlisayo.
Ukwaziswa okungelona iqiniso, okuhlukile olwazini olunganembile ngenhloso ukukhohlisa ngamabomu, sekuyindaba ebalulekile, ikakhulukazi ngokwanda kwenkundla yezokuxhumana. Umkhakha umkhakha wezolimo wezilwane ube nekhono ekwethuleni imikhankaso yokubulala ama-disinformation ukuze ivimbele ukuguqukela ekudleni okusekelwe ezitshalweni. Umbiko uveza amasu amakhulu emboni, ahlanganisa ukuphika, ukucekela phansi, ukubambezela, ukuchezuka, nokuphazamisa amaqiniso mayelana nemithelela yemvelo nempilo yokudliwa kwenyama nobisi.
Izibonelo zala maqhinga ziningi. Imboni iyawuphika umthelela wezemvelo wokukhishwa kwe-methane emfuyweni, iphazamisa izingxoxo zesayensi ngokwethula izihloko ezingahlobene, ibambezela isenzo ngokufuna ucwaningo olwengeziwe naphezu kokuvumelana okukhona, ichitha ukugxeka ngokusola ezinye izimboni, futhi iphazamisa umphakathi ngokwenza ihaba ngemiphumela emibi. yokushintshela kumasistimu asekelwe ezitshalweni. Lawa maqhinga asekelwa izinsiza zezezimali ezinkulu, ngombiko ophawula ukuthi e-US, uxhaso lwezimali lokunxenxa inyama ludlula kude lokho lokudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni.
Ukuze ulwe nalokhu kwaziswa okungelona iqiniso, umbiko uphakamisa izixazululo ezimbalwa. Ohulumeni bangakwazi ukudlala indima ebalulekile ngokuthuthukisa ukufunda kwabezindaba, baqede uxhaso lokulima izilwane zasembonini, nokweseka abalimi ekuguqukeleni kwezolimo ezisekelwe ezitshalweni. Intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, efana nobuhlakani bokwenziwa, ingasiza futhi ekukhombeni nasekubikeni ulwazi olungamanga. Ngokuqalisa lezi zinyathelo, kuyenzeka ukuthi kuliwe nokwaziswa okungelona iqiniso okusatshalaliswa imboni yezolimo yezilwane futhi kukhuthaze uhlelo lokudla oluzinzile nolunokuziphatha okuhle.
Isifinyezo Ngu: Simon Zschieschang | Isifundo Soqobo Ngu: Carter, N. (2024) | Kushicilelwe: Agasti 7, 2024
Sekungamashumi eminyaka, imboni yezolimo yezilwane isabalalise i-disinformation ukuze kugcinwe ukusetshenziswa komkhiqizo wezilwane. Lo mbiko ufingqa amaqhinga abo futhi uphakamise nezixazululo.
I-disinformation isenzo samabomu sokudala nokusabalalisa ulwazi olungalungile ngenjongo ecacile yokukhohlisa noma ukukhohlisa. Umehluko ocacile phakathi kolwazi olungalungile nolwazi oluyiphutha kuyinhloso — ulwazi olunganembile luhlanganisa ukusabalalisa ulwazi olungamanga ngokungazi, ngokuvamile ngenxa yamaphutha aqotho noma ukungaqondi kahle; ukwaziswa okungelona iqiniso kucacile enjongweni yayo yokukhohlisa kanye nokukhohlisa imibono yomphakathi. Imikhankaso ye-Disinformation iyinkinga eyaziwayo, ikakhulukazi ngenkathi yezokuxhumana. Kulo mbiko, umbhali ugqamisa ukuthi imikhankaso ye-disinformation yethulwa kanjani yimboni yezolimo yezilwane ukuvimbela ukuguqukela ekudleni okusekelwe ezitshalweni. Umbiko uchaza amasu ale mboni futhi uphakamisa nezixazululo zokubhekana nawo.
I-Disinformation Strategies Nezibonelo
Ngokwalo mbiko, amasu amakhulu emboni yezolimo yezilwane ukuphika , ukudiliza , ukubambezeleka , ukuphambukisa kanye nokuphazamisa .
Ukuphika amaqiniso ngesimo sezulu kanye nomthelela wezempilo wenyama nobisi kwenza kubonakale sengathi akukho ukuvumelana kwesayensi. Isibonelo saleli qhinga ukuphika umthelela wemvelo we-methane yenkomo. Abamele imboni baphatha ukukhishwa kwe-methane njengokungathi abafaki isandla ekufudumaleni komhlaba ngokusebenzisa i-metric yabo, engeyona eyesayensi ukubala amandla okufudumala komhlaba enyama nobisi.
Ukwethula izihloko ezintsha noma ezingahlobene kuphazamisa izifundo nezimpikiswano. Isusa ukunaka kude nenkinga yangempela. Njengesibonelo, lapho iqembu lososayensi abahamba phambili emhlabeni litusa ukushintshela ekudleni okusekelwe ezitshalweni embikweni weKhomishana ye-EAT Lancet,” i-UC Davis CLEAR Center - inhlangano exhaswe ngezimali iqembu lokuphakela imfuyo - ididiyele umkhankaso wokuphikisa. Baphromothe i-hashtag ethi #Yes2Meat, ebibusa izinkundla zezingxoxo eziku-inthanethi futhi yavusa ukungabaza ngalo mbiko isonto ngaphambi kokuthi ushicilelwe.
Abamele imboni bavame ukuzama ukubambezela izinqumo nezinyathelo zoshintsho oluya ezinhlelweni zokudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni . Baphikisa ngokuthi ucwaningo olwengeziwe luyadingeka futhi ngalokho kubukela phansi ukuvumelana okukhona kwesayensi. Lezi zimpikiswano zisekelwa ucwaningo oluxhaswe yimboni ngemiphumela echemile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abacwaningi ngokuhlelekile abavezi ukungqubuzana kwabo kwezintshisekelo.
Elinye isu wukusola ezinye izimboni ngezinkinga eziphuthumayo. Leli yisu lokubukela phansi imithelela yemboni ngokwayo. Kuhlanekezela ukugxekwa nokunaka komphakathi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imboni yezolimo yezilwane ivame ukuziveza njengesisulu ukuze zithole uzwela. Inkampani ekhiqiza inyama enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, i-JBS, ikwenze lokhu ngokuhlasela indlela yombiko egqamisa iqhaza labo elikhulu ekuguquguqukeni kwesimo sezulu. Bathi bekuwukuhlola okungalungile okungabanikezanga ithuba lokuphendula, ngaleyo ndlela bathole ukuzwelana nomphakathi nokugxeka ukugxekwa.
Okokugcina, abamele imboni bathanda ukuphazamisa izinzuzo zokushintshela ezinhlelweni zokudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni. Imiphumela engemihle yoshintsho, njengokulahleka kwemisebenzi, ihaba futhi ihlanekezelwe ukuze yenze abantu besabe futhi bamelane noshintsho.
Ukwenza la maqhinga imboni yezolimo yezilwane isebenzisa imali eningi yezinsiza. Umbiko uthi e-US, imali ephindwe ka-190 isetshenziswa ekufuneni inyama uma kuqhathaniswa nokunxenxa ukudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni.
Izixazululo Zokubhekana Ne-Disinformation
Umbhali uphakamisa izindlela eziningi zokulwa ne-disinformation embonini yezolimo yezilwane.
Okokuqala, ohulumeni banendima ngezindlela eziningi. Bangasiza izakhamizi zabo ukuthi zilawule ama-disinformation ngokufundisa ukufunda nokubhala kwabezindaba kanye nokucabanga okujulile esikoleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bangaqeda uxhaso lokufuywa kwezilwane ezimbonini. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kufanele basize abalimi bezilwane ukuthi baqhubekele ekulimeni kwezitshalo ngokuthenga nangemihlomulo, njengoba kubonakala eNetherlands nase-Ireland. Amadolobha angajoyina izinhlelo zokukhuthaza ezolimo ezisekelwe esitshalweni, njengokuthi “NgoLwesihlanu Okuxhaswa Ngezitshalo” eNew York City.
Ngokusho kombhali, ubuchwepheshe besimanje bungaba amathuluzi anamandla ngokumelene ne-disinformation. Ubuhlakani bokwenziwa bungase busize ekutholeni nasekubikeni ulwazi olungamanga ezinkundleni zokuxhumana futhi amawebhusayithi ahlola amaqiniso aqondene nokudla angasiza ukuqhubekisela phambili ukwenza buthaka imikhankaso ye-disinformation. Izithombe zesathelayithi zingabonisa ukudoba okungekho emthethweni okukhulu noma ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, futhi izithombe zasemoyeni phezu kwezindawo zokudla zobisi zingabonisa ukuthi ingakanani i-methane ekhiqizwa imboni yenyama nobisi.
Umbiko uveza ukuthi izinhlangano ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni ( NGO) kanye nabameli ngabanye bangadlala indima ebalulekile ekulweni nokwaziswa okungalungile. Ama-NGO anganxusa ohulumeni ukuthi baphendule lezo zinkampani ezisabalalisa ulwazi olungaqondile futhi zikhuthaze imiphumela engokomthetho ngazo. Lo mbiko ugcizelela isidingo sesizindalwazi esimele amabhizinisi ezolimo - isizindalwazi esisendaweni eyodwa esilandelela imininingwane engafanele phakathi kwezinkampani. Ama-NGO kanye nabantu ngabanye bangabhekana ne-disinformation ngezindlela eziningi, njengokuhlola amaqiniso, ukwethula imikhankaso yemfundo, ukunxenxa ukuthi kuguqukele ezitshalweni, ukusekela ezinye izindlela ezisekelwe ezitshalweni, ukuzibandakanya kwabezindaba, ukwakha inethiwekhi yokubambisana phakathi kwezifundiswa nezimboni, kanye nokunye okuningi.
Ekugcineni, umbhali ukholelwa ukuthi imboni yezolimo yezilwane maduze izobhekana nemiphumela yezomthetho neyezimali. Izinsongo embonini zivela kubasebenzi abaxhashazwayo ababika ngezimo zabo zokusebenza, abaxhasi bezimali abafuna ukuziphendulela, amaqembu abafundi ababhikishayo, abagqugquzeli bezilwane, kanye nobuchwepheshe obuqapha ukonakaliswa kwemvelo.
Kubalulekile ukuthi abameli bezilwane bazi amasu emboni yezolimo yezilwane ukuze bakwazi ukulwa nawo. Ngokuqonda la maqhinga, abameli bangakwazi ukumelana ngempumelelo nezindaba ezingamanga futhi bafundise umphakathi ngolwazi olunembile. Ukuqwashisa ngezindlela ezisetshenziselwa ukukhohlisa imibono yomphakathi kungasiza abameli ukuthi bahlele kangcono imikhankaso yabo, bahlanganise ukwesekwa, futhi baphushele izinqubomgomo ezikhuthaza izinhlelo zokudla ezizinzile nezinokuziphatha okuhle.
Qaphela: Lokhu okuqukethwe bekushicilelwe ekuqaleni ngoFaunalyTics.org futhi kungahle kungabonisi imibono ye Humane Foundation.