Njengoba inani lomhlaba wonke liqhubeka nokwanda futhi isidingo sokudla sanda, imboni yezolimo ibhekene nengcindezi ekhuphuka ingcindezi yokuhlangabezana nalezi zidingo ngenkathi igqugquzela umthelela wayo wezemvelo. Indawo eyodwa yokukhathazeka ukukhiqizwa kwenyama, okuxhunyaniswe neminikelo ebalulekile ekuphumeni kwamagesi abamba ukushisa, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, nokungcoliswa kwamanzi. Kodwa-ke, isixazululo esithembisayo esithola ukugcwala emphakathini wezolimo sizolimo sezolimo. Lo mkhuba wokulima, osuselwa ezimisweni zokusimama kanye nokulinganisela kwemvelo, ugxile ekwakheni inhlabathi enempilo nokubuyisela izinto eziphilayo. Ngokubeka phambili impilo yenhlabathi, ezolimo zokuvuselela amandla anamandla okuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokudla ekhiqizwayo, kepha futhi anciphise imithelela emibi yemvelo yokukhiqizwa kwenyama. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola umqondo wezolimo kabusha kanye namandla ayo okubhekana nezinselelo zezemvelo ezibangelwa ukukhiqizwa kwenyama. Sizongena kwisayensi ngemuva kwale ndlela yokulima, izinzuzo zayo, kanye nemikhawulo yayo ukuze sinqume ukuthi ezolimo zokuvuselela umzimba zingaba yini ngempela yini ukunciphisa umthelela wenyama yenyama.
Ukubaluleka kwezinqubo zokulima ezisimeme
Imikhuba yokulima eqhubekayo idlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni impilo yesikhathi eside nokusebenza kweplanethi yethu. Ngokwamukela izindlela zokulima ezizinzile, singanciphisa imithelela emibi yezolimo yezolimo, njengokuwohloka kwenhlabathi, ukungcoliswa kwamanzi, kanye nokukhishwa kwegesi abamba ukushisa. Izindlela zokulima ezisimeme zigcizelela ukusetshenziswa komanyolo we-organic, ukujikeleza kwezitshalo, kanye nokuphathwa kwezinambuzane okuhlanganisiwe, okungagcini kuphela izinsiza zemvelo kodwa futhi kuthuthukise ukuzala kwezinto eziphilayo futhi kuthuthukise ukuzala kwenhlabathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imikhuba yokulima eqhubekayo ibeka phambili inhlala-kahle yezilwane futhi ithuthukise ukuphathwa kahle kwemfuyo, kuqinisekiswe ngokwengeziwe indlela yokukhiqiza enomthwalo wenyama. Ngokwamukela izindlela zokulima ezizinzile, singakha uhlelo lokudla oluzinzile futhi olunamandla ngokwesekela zombili impilo yabantu nempilo yezemvelo.
Ezolimo Zokuvuselela zingabuyisela imvelo
Ezolimo zokuvuselela kabusha zivele njengendlela ethembisayo yokungasebenzi ngokuzinzile kuphela ukudla kodwa futhi zibuyisela imvelo. Ngokugxila ezimisweni ezinjengezempilo zenhlabathi, ukuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo, kanye nokulinganisela kwemvelo, ezolimo zokuvuselela iziqu kuhlose ukuvuselela amazwe acekile futhi anciphise umthelela wezemvelo wezenzo zezolimo ezijwayelekile. Ngezenzo ezinjengokumboza ukumboza, amadlelo ajikelezayo, kanye ne-agroforestry, ezolimo zokuvuselela zithuthukisa ukuzala kwenhlabathi, kuthuthukisa ukuhlelwa kabusha kwekhabhoni, futhi kunciphise ukugibela kwamanzi nokuguguleka. Lezi zinqubo azigcini nje ngokuvuselela impilo kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezizwe zezolimo kodwa futhi zinomthelela ekubuyiselweni kwemvelo ezungezile, njengezindawo ezimanzi, amahlathi nezindawo zasendle. Ngokwamukela ezolimo zokuvuselela kabusha, sinamandla okuguqula amasistimu wokukhiqiza wokudla abe yizinhlelo ezivuselelekile ezingasondla ngokuzinzile kodwa futhi zikhukhuze futhi zibuyisele iplanethi yezizukulwane ezizayo.
Ukunciphisa i-carbon footprint ngokusebenzisa ukulima
Ngaphezu kwamathuba ayo okubuyisa i-ecosystems, ezolimo zokuvuselela futhi zibonisa ukunciphisa ukunciphisa izinyawo zekhabhoni zokulima. Imikhuba evamile yezolimo, ikakhulukazi ekukhiqizweni kwenyama, ikhonjwe njengabanikeli ababalulekile ekuphumeni kwamagesi abamba ukushisa. Kodwa-ke, ngokuqaliswa kwemikhuba yokuvuselela kabusha, abalimi bangathola insiza ngentshiseko i-carbon dioxide kusuka emkhathini futhi banciphise ukuphuma okuhambisana nezindlela zokulima zendabuko. Ngokufaka amasu afaka amadlelo ajikelezayo, agroforestry, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezilimo ezimboza, ezolimo ze-regenerative zithuthukisa okuqukethwe kwenhlabathi eziphilayo futhi zithuthukisa ukugcinwa kwekhabhoni enhlabathini. Lokhu akusizi nje kuphela ukunciphisa ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kepha futhi kuthuthukisa ukusimama okuphelele kohlelo lokulima. Ngokwamukela imikhuba yezolimo evuselelayo, singathatha izinyathelo ezibalulekile ukuze sinciphise umthelela wemvelo wokukhiqizwa kwenyama nokwakha uhlelo lokudla olunesimo sezulu esithe xaxa.
Impilo yenhlabathi ethuthukisiwe nokuzala
Impilo yenhlabathi ethuthukisiwe nokuzala idlala indima ebalulekile empumelelweni yezolimo kabusha. Ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezifana nokumboza ukumboza, ukujikeleza kwezitshalo, kanye nokulima okuncane, abalimi bangathuthukisa okuqukethwe kwezakhi kanye nokwakheka kwenhlabathi. Le mikhuba igqugquzela ukukhula kwama-microorganisms azuzisayo kanye nama-Earthworms, anomthelela ekutholeni kwenhlabathi kanye nokuhamba ngezakhi zomzimba. Ngokwengeziwe, ezolimo ezivuselelekile zigcizelela ukusetshenziswa kwezinto eziphilayo, ezinjengomquba kanye nomquba, ukuthuthukisa ukuzala kwenhlabathi. Ngokugxila ekwakheni i-Ecosystems enempilo yenhlabathi, abalimi banganciphisa ukuthembela kumanyolo wokwenziwa kanye nezinambuzane, ekugcineni kwakha uhlelo lwezolimo oluzinzile futhi olusiza kakhulu. Ukuthuthuka kwenhlabathi okuthuthukisiwe nokuzalanisa akusizi nje imvelo kodwa futhi kuthuthukisa umkhiqizo wezitshalo futhi ufake isandla ekuvikelekeni kokudla okude.
Inkathazo yemvelo kanye nokulawula ukhula
Ukuqalisa izinambuzane zemvelo kanye nezindlela zokulawula ukhula kuyingxenye ebalulekile yezolimo kabusha. Esikhundleni sokuncika kuma-pesticides amakhemikhali kanye nama-herbicides, abalimi bangasebenzisa izindlela zemvelo ezithuthukisa isimo semvelo esilinganiselayo ngaphakathi kwamasimu abo. Isibonelo, abakhuthazayo abaphange bemvelo abanjenge-ladybugs nama-lacewings bangasiza ukulawula abantu bezinambuzane ngokufaka izinambuzane ezilimaza izitshalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, usebenzisa amasu wokutshala umlingani, njengokutshala ama-marigolds ukuze anqande izilokazane noma ukucekelwa phansi izitshalo ezilungisa ama-nitrogen, kungasiza ukucindezela ukukhula kokhula. Lezi zindlela azigcini nje ngokunciphisa umthelela wezemvelo wokufakwa kwamakhemikhali kodwa futhi nomthelela empilweni nasekunqumeni kohlelo lwezolimo. Ngokwamukela inkathazo yemvelo kanye nokulawula ukhula, imikhuba yezolimo yokuvuselela kabusha iqinisekisa ukuqina kwesikhathi eside kwezinhlelo zethu zokukhiqiza.
Ukuthuthukisa Izindawo Zomzimba Nezilwane Zasendle
Ukuthuthukisa izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo nezilwane zasendle kungenye into ebalulekile yezolimo ezivuselelekile. Ngokwenza imisebenzi ebeka phambili ukulondolozwa kokulondolozwa kanye nokubuyiselwa kwezinto zemvelo zemvelo, abalimi bangadala izindawo zokujabula ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezilwane nezilwane. Lokhu kungafaka ukutshala izimila zendabuko, kusungulwa ama-hedgerows kanye nezindawo zokudla, nokulondolozwa kwamaxhaphozi nemigwaqo yamanzi. Lezi zinyathelo azihlinzeki kuphela ukudla nendawo yokuhlala izilwane zasendle kodwa futhi zisekela ama-pollinator nezinambuzane ezinenzuzo ezinomthelela ekuvuleni kwezitshalo kanye nokulawulwa kwezinambuzane zemvelo. Ngokubeka phambili ukuthuthukiswa kwezindawo eziphilayo nezindawo zasendle, ezolimo zokuvuselela kabusha zidlala indima ebalulekile ekulondolozeni nasekuvikeleni izizukulwane zethu zemvelo zezizukulwane ezizayo.
Ukulondolozwa kwamanzi nokuphatha
Ukulondolozwa kwamanzi kanye nokuphathwa kuyingxenye ebucayi yezenzo ezizinzile zezolimo. Ngokwengeza ukuswelakala kwamanzi emhlabeni jikelele kanye nesidingo esikhulayo semikhiqizo yezolimo, kubalulekile ukwamukela amasu alungiselela ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ngenkathi unciphisa imfucuza. Ukuqalisa izinhlelo ezisebenzayo zokunisela, njengokunisela kwe-Driprigation noma ama-sprinklers okunemba, kunganciphisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ngokuletha amanzi ngqo ezimpandeni zezitshalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenzisa amasu afana nokuvunwa kwamanzi emvula nokuphinda usebenzise amanzi kungasiza ukonga izinsiza zamanzi emapulazini. Izenzo zokulawulwa kwamanzi ezisebenzayo futhi zifaka ukuqapha amazinga omswakama womhlaba, futhi usebenzisa amasu omswakama womswakama, kanye nokusebenzisa amasu anjenge-mulching ukugcina umswakama wenhlabathi futhi uvikele ukuhwamuka. Ngokusebenzisa lezi zindlela zokulondolozwa kwamanzi kanye nokuphatha, imboni yezolimo inganciphisa i-footprint yayo yamanzi futhi inikele ngekusasa elizinzile.
Ukugqugquzela ukuphathwa kwezilwane ezinokuziphatha okuhle nokuhlukumezeka
Ngenkathi ukugxila kwalo mbhalo kusemzuzwini wezemvelo wokukhiqizwa kwenyama, kubalulekile futhi ukubhekana nokuphathwa kwezilwane ezinokuziphatha kanye nokuhlukumezeka embonini yezolimo. Ukukhuthaza ukwelashwa kwezilwane akuwona umthwalo wokuziphatha kuphela kepha futhi kubalulekile ekwakheni uhlelo lokudla oluzinzile nolunomthwalo wemfanelo. Lokhu kungatholakala ngokuqaliswa kokusetshenziswa kwezindinganiso zezenhlalo eziphelele zezilwane nemithethonqubo ebeka phambili ukuphathwa kwempilo, inhlala-kahle, kanye nokwelashwa kwezilwane ezihlahleni zonke izimpilo zabo zonke. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuhlinzeka ngezimo zokuphila ezanele, ukufinyelela ekunakekelweni kahle kwezilwane kanye nokunakekelwa kwezilwane, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izilwane ziphathwa futhi zihanjiswa ngendlela enciphisa ukucindezela nokungaphatheki kahle. Ngokukhuthaza nokusekela imikhuba yokulima yokuziphatha ebeka phambili inhlala-kahle yezilwane, singaba negalelo ohlelweni lwezolimo olunesihawu nangokuzinzile.
Amandla okukhula komnotho
Isici esisodwa esibalulekile okufanele sicabange lapho kuhlaziya amandla okuvuselela ezolimo ukunciphisa umthelela wemvelo wokukhiqizwa kwenyama kungethuba lawo lokukhula komnotho. Njengoba ukufunwa kwabathengi kokudla okuqhubekayo futhi ngokuziphatha okukhiqizwayo kuyaqhubeka ukukhuphuka, kunethuba elihle labalimi namabhizinisi okuthepha kule makethe futhi bandise imisebenzi yabo. Ngokwamukela imikhuba yezolimo evuselelayo, abalimi abakwazi ukunciphisa kuphela izinyawo zabo zemvelo kodwa futhi bathuthukise impilo nokukhiqiza komhlaba wabo. Lokhu, nakho, kungaholela ekutheni kukhuphuke izithelo zezilimo, imikhiqizo esezingeni eliphakeme, futhi ekugcineni, inzuzo ephezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inzalo ekhulayo yezolimo kabusha inamandla okudala amathuba emisebenzi emisha futhi ivuse umsebenzi wezomnotho emiphakathini yasemakhaya, efaka isandla ekukhuleni komnotho okugcwele. Ngokwamukela ezolimo zokuvuselela kabusha, asikwazi ukubhekana nezinselelo zezemvelo kuphela ezibangelwa ukukhiqizwa kwenyama kodwa futhi sihlanganisa amandla awo okuchuma komnotho.
Ukusebenzisana nabalimi abancane
Ukusebenzisana nabalimi abasezingeni elincane kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ezolimo nokuvuselelwa kabusha kanye nokunciphisa umthelela wezemvelo wokukhiqizwa kwenyama. Labalimi badlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuqina nokuqina kwezinhlelo zethu zokudla. Ngokusebenzisana nabo kakhulu, singasekela imizamo yabo yokusebenzisa izindlela ezivuselelekile njengamadlelo ajikelezayo, amboze izitshalo, kanye ne-agroforestry. Lokhu kusebenzisana kunikeza ithuba lokukwabelana ngolwazi, izinsiza, kanye nemibono emisha engafaka isandla ekuthuthukisweni okuphelele kwezenzo zezolimo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuzibandakanya nabalimi abasezingeni elincane akusizi nje kuphela ukuvikela izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo futhi kugcinwe izinsiza zemvelo kepha futhi kukhuthaza umuzwa womphakathi futhi kuqinisa umnotho wasekhaya. Ngokubona inani nobungcweti balaba balimi, singasebenza ngokuhlanganyela sibheke ekuzuzeni okuqhubekayo nezemvelo ekukhiqizeni inyama.
Ekuphetheni, amandla ezolimo avuselelekile ukuze anciphise umthelela wezemvelo wokukhiqizwa kwenyama uyathembisa. Ngokugxila kwayo ekubuyiselweni kwempilo yenhlabathi, okwandise ukwehlukahlukahlukana kwezinto eziphilayo, kanye nokunciphisa ukuphuma kwekhabhoni, le ndlela yokulima inamandla okudala uhlelo lokuzinza oluzinzile nolwenze. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lesi yisici esisodwa nje sodaba oluyinkimbinkimbi lokukhiqizwa kwenyama nocwaningo oluningi nezenzo kuyadingeka ukudala isixazululo esimeme ngempela. Ngokuqhubeka nokuzifundisa futhi enze izinqumo eziqondayo, sonke singadlala ingxenye ekwakheni iplanethi enempilo ezizukulwaneni ezizayo.
FAQ
Ezolimo zokuqalisa kabusha zihluke kanjani emikhubeni yendabuko yezolimo ngokunciphisa umthelela wemvelo wokukhiqizwa kwenyama?
Ezolimo zokuvuselela kabusha zehlukile emikhubeni yezolimo yezolimo ngoba igxile ekuthuthukiseni impilo yenhlabathi, ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nokuqina kwezemvelo. Ngokusebenzisa amasu anjenge-Cover Cropping, ukujikeleza kwezitshalo, nokulima okungazelele, ezolimo ezivuselela amandla akhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwekhabhoni, kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi, futhi kuthuthukise ukuhamba ngempukane. Le ndlela isiza ekunciphiseni umthelela wemvelo wokukhiqizwa kwenyama ngokunciphisa ukuphuma kwegesi abamba ukushisa, ukulondolozela izinsizakusebenza zamanzi, nokukhuthaza izindlela zokulawulwa komhlaba ezizinzile, ekugcineni kuholela ohlelweni lokudla olunempilo futhi olunamandla.
Yimiphi imikhuba ethile yezolimo evuselelayo ephumelela kakhulu ekwehliseni ukuphuma kwegesi abamba ukushisa kanye nokwenza ngcono impilo yenhlabathi ezinhlelweni zokukhiqiza zenyama?
Ukuqalisa Ukudla Amadlelo, I-Cover Cropping, futhi i-AgrofoRestry iyinhlangano ephumelelayo yezolimo ephumelelayo ebinganciphisa kakhulu ukuphuma kwamagesi abamba ukushisa futhi athuthukise impilo yenhlabathi ezinhlelweni zokukhiqiza zenyama. Udlelo lokujikeleza lubandakanya imfuyo eshukumisayo phakathi kwamadlelo ukuvikela ukweqa nokukhuthaza impilo yenhlabathi. Imbozo yokutshala ibandakanya ukutshala izilimo ezahlukahlukene phakathi kwezilimo eziphambili ukuvikela inhlabathi, ukunciphisa ukuguguleka, futhi kukhuphule izinto eziphilayo. I-AgrofoRestry ihlanganisa izihlahla nezihlahla ezinkundleni zezolimo, ihlinzeka ngezinzuzo ezengeziwe njengokuhlelwa kabusha kwekhabhoni kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Le mikhuba ingathuthukisa ukuqina nokuqina ezinhlelweni zokukhiqiza zenyama ngenkathi kunciphisa imithelela yemvelo.
Ingabe ezolimo ezivuseleleke kabusha zingalinganiswa ukuze zihlangabezane nesidingo esikhulayo senyama ngenkathi kusanciphisa umthelela wayo wezemvelo?
Ezolimo zokuvuselela amandla zinamandla okutshala futhi zihlangabezane nesidingo esikhulayo senyama ngenkathi kunciphisa nomthelela wayo wezemvelo. Ngokugxila kwezempilo yenhlabathi, ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, kanye nokunye okuququka kwekhabhoni, izindlela zokuvuselela imali kungathuthukisa ukukhiqizwa komhlaba, ukunciphisa ukuphuma kwegesi abamba ukushisa, futhi kuthuthukise ukuqina kwe-ecosystem. Ukuqalisa ukusebenzisa lezi zindlela ngesilinganiso esikhudlwana kungasiza ukudala uhlelo lokudla oluzinzile futhi olusebenzayo olulinganisa ukukhiqizwa kobuphathi bezemvelo. Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwabalimi, abenzi bezinqubomgomo, kanye nabathengi bazobe bebalulekile ekushayeleni ukwamukelwa nokwanda kwemikhuba yokuvuselela kabusha ukubhekana nezinselelo zokukhiqizwa kwenyama.
Yiziphi izinzuzo zezomnotho ezingaba khona zokusebenzisa imikhuba yezolimo evuselelekile ezinhlelweni zokukhiqiza zenyama?
Ukuqalisa ukusebenza kwezimo zezolimo ezivuselelekile ezinhlelweni zokukhiqiza zenyama kungaholela ezinzuzweni zezomnotho ezinjengokwengeziwe kwenhlabathi kanye nokuzala, ukuncishiswa kwezindleko zokufaka, kanye nokuvuthwa kwamanzi okuncishisiwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngokwengeziwe, izindlela zokuvuselela kabusha zingakhulisa ukuququka kwekhabhoni, ezingavula amathuba okubamba iqhaza ezimakethe zezikweletu zekhabhoni futhi zifake isandla ekunciphiseni imithelela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Sekukonke, ukwamukelwa kwemikhuba yezolimo evuselelayo kwezinhlelo zokukhiqiza ngenyama kunamandla okudala uhlelo oluzinzile futhi olusebenzayo kwezomnotho lwabalimi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ngabe izintandokazi zabathengi kanye nokufunwa kwemakethe kwabathonya kanjani ukutholwa kwezolimo kabusha embonini yenyama?
Izintandokazi zabathengi zemikhiqizo yenyama ekhiqizwayo futhi ekhiqizwe ngokuziphatha ishayela ukwamukelwa kwezolimo kabusha embonini yenyama. Njengoba abathengi abaningi bafuna izinketho ezinobungane bemvelo futhi bafuna ukucaca ekukhiqizweni kokukhiqizwa kokudla, izinkampani zikhuthazelwa ukwenza izindlela zokulima kabusha zokuthola lesi sidingo esikhulayo semakethe. Ngokuvumelanisa imikhuba yabo ngamanani wabathengi, abakhiqizi benyama bangazihlukanisa emakethe, bakhe ubuqotho bomkhiqizo, futhi bafake isandla ohlelweni lokudla oluzinzile. Ekugcineni, okuncamelayo kwabathengi kudlala indima ebalulekile ekwakheni ukuguquguquka komkhakha ekwenziweni kabusha kwezolimo.