Cabanga ngesidlo esihle esibekwe phambi kwakho, amakha amnandi agcwele umoya. Njengoba uzitika, ingabe wake wazibuza ngohambo oluthathwa yimikhiqizo yezilwane emnandi ngaphambi kokuba ihlale epuletini lakho? Kusukela ezigcawini zasepulazini ezinhle kuya ezilaheni eziphithizelayo, indaba yokudla kwethu akulula neze. Namuhla, siqala ukuhlola okuvula amehlo komthelela wemvelo wemikhiqizo yezilwane, ukusuka epulazini kuye kwelinye.
Ukuqonda Umthelela Wezemvelo Wokulima Kwezilwane
Ukuhlaziya I-Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Ukulima kwezilwane kufaka isandla kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwesisi esibamba ukushisa emhlabeni wonke , okudlala indima enkulu ekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu. Lokhu kukhishwa kuphuma ngendlela ye-carbon dioxide (CO2) ne-methane (CH4), kokubili okunomphumela onamandla wokufudumala. Eqinisweni, ukukhiqizwa kwemfuyo kubala cishe u-14.5% wokukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa emhlabeni, ngokusho kweNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene Yokudla Nezolimo.
Kodwa akukhona nje mayelana nokukhishwa kwegesi. Ukwandiswa kokufuywa kwemfuyo nakho kube nomthelela ekugawulweni kwamahlathi nokushintsha kokusetshenziswa komhlaba. Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi ukuze kwenziwe amadlelo kanye nokukhiqizwa kokudla kwezilwane akuholeli nje kuphela ekucekeleni phansi indawo yokuhlala kodwa kuphinde kukhiphe isikhutha esigciniwe emkhathini.
Izinqubo zokulima ezimbonini, ezifana ne -concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) noma amapulazi asefekthri, zibhebhethekisa lezi zinkinga zemvelo. Ukuzalanisa okujulile nokukhuliswa kwemfuyo kulezi zinhlelo kudinga inani elikhulu lezinsiza, okwandisa kakhulu umthelela wazo endaweni ezungezile.
Ukuhlola Ukusetshenziswa Kwamanzi Nokungcola
Ukulima kwezilwane kuwumsebenzi owomile. Ukukhiqizwa kokuphakela kwezilwane, amanzi okuphuza imfuyo kanye nokuphathwa kwemfucuza kunomthelela ekusetshenzisweni kwamanzi kakhulu. Ukuze sikubeke kucace, kulinganiselwa ukuthi ukukhiqiza iphawundi elilodwa lenyama yenkomo kudinga cishe amalitha angu-1,800 (cishe amalitha angu-6,814) wamanzi, uma kuqhathaniswa namalitha angu-39 kuphela (amalitha angu-147) ngephawundi elilodwa lemifino.
Ngaphezu kokusetshenziswa kwamanzi, ukulima kwezilwane kuwumthombo wokungcoliswa kwamanzi. Ukugeleza komquba ovela ekusebenzeni kwemfuyo kungangcolisa imithombo yamanzi ahlanzekile, okuholela ekukhishweni kwemisoco eyeqile njenge-nitrogen ne-phosphorus. Lokhu kungcola kubhebhezela ukukhula kwezimbali eziyingozi zolwelwe, ezingafaka ukuphila emanzini engozini futhi kulimaze izinga lamanzi kubantu nasezilwaneni.
Umthelela Wokulawulwa Kwemfucuza Yezilwane
Ukungaphathwa kahle kwemfucuza kuyinkinga enkulu embonini yezolimo yezilwane. Ukunqwabelana ngokweqile kwemfucuza yemfuyo kungaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu kwezemvelo. Ukugeleza komsoco okuvela kumquba kungangena emanzini, okuholela eutrophication kanye nokuncipha komoyampilo okulandelayo. Lokhu-ke, kulimaza imvelo yasemanzini futhi kwenza izinga lamanzi libe libi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhishwa kwe-methane ekuboleni kwezinto eziphilayo emqubeni kunomthelela ekukhishweni kwesisi esibamba ukushisa, okwenza kube nzima ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Kuyacaca ukuthi izindlela zokuphatha udoti ezisebenzayo neziqhubekayo zibalulekile ekunciphiseni le mithelela yemvelo.
Ukuhlola Izindlela Ezihlukile Ezisimeme kanye Nokusungulwayo
Ngokujabulisayo, izixazululo ezintsha ziyavela zokulwa nezinselelo zokulawulwa kwemfucuza yezilwane. Ubuchwepheshe obufana nama-anaerobic digesters bungabamba kahle i-biogas emfuyweni engcolile futhi bayiguqule ibe amandla asebenzisekayo. Amasistimu okwenza umquba aphinde anikeze indlela evumelana nemvelo yokugaywa kabusha komquba, ukukhiqiza umanyolo wemvelo onothile ngezakhi kuyilapho kunciphisa izingozi zokungcola.
Ngokwamukela lezi zindlela ezihlukile ezisimeme futhi sikhuthaze ukuqaliswa kwazo emkhakheni wezolimo, singanciphisa kakhulu umthelela wemvelo wemfucuza yezilwane, sibe siphinde sisebenzisa amandla ahlanzekile ngezinye izinjongo.
Ukusetshenziswa Komhlaba kanye Nokucekelwa phansi Kwendawo yokuhlala
Isidingo somhlaba ozosingatha ukukhiqizwa kwemfuyo siye sabhebhethekisa ukugawulwa kwamahlathi ngezinga elikhulu. Amahlathi ayagawulwa ukuze kutholakale indawo yamadlelo futhi kutshalwe izitshalo zokudla kwezilwane. Lokhu kudlanga kokugawulwa kwamahlathi akugcini nje ngokubhubhisa izimiso zemvelo ezibalulekile futhi kulimaze izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kodwa futhi kudedela inqwaba yesikhutha esigciniwe, esinezela ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu.
Ngokubona lo mkhuba oshaqisayo, izindlela zokulima ezisimeme kanye nezindlela zokuphatha umhlaba ziyanda. Ukulima okuzivuselelayo, isibonelo, kugcizelela ukubaluleka kokubuyisela izindawo ezonakele ngokusebenzisa izinqubo ezikhuthaza impilo yomhlabathi kanye nokuthathwa kwekhabhoni. Ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezinjalo, asikwazi nje ukunciphisa umthelela wemvelo wokulima kwezilwane kodwa futhi sakhe uhlelo lokudla oluzinzile ezizukulwaneni ezizayo.
Ukugqamisa Izindlela Zokulima Ezisimeme kanye Nezindlela Zokuphatha Umhlaba
Ukushintshela ezindleleni zokulima ezisimeme kubalulekile ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela wemvelo wokulima kwezilwane. Ngokwamukela izinqubo ezifana nokushintshanisa amadlelo kanye ne-agroforestry, abalimi bangathuthukisa impilo yomhlabathi futhi banciphise isidingo sokwenziwa kukamanyolo nezibulala-zinambuzane. Lezi zindlela azigcini nje ngokubuyisela izindawo zemvelo kodwa futhi zithuthukisa izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, zidale ukulingana phakathi kokulima nemvelo.
Imiphumela Yokuguquguquka Kwesimo Sezulu Nokuncipha Kwezinsiza
Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kungenye yezinselelo ezicindezela kakhulu esibhekana nazo, futhi ukulima kwezilwane kudlala indima ebalulekile ekwandiseni le nkinga yomhlaba wonke. Ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo yezilwane, ikakhulukazi inyama kanye nobisi, kunomthelela engxenyeni enkulu yesisi esingcolisa umoya. Isamba esikhulu semithombo, okuhlanganisa umhlaba, amanzi, namandla, okudingekayo ekukhuliseni imfuyo nakho kunomthelela ekucekeleni phansi kwemithombo nokucekelwa phansi kwemvelo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwanda kokulima kwezilwane kuwusongo ekulondekeni kokudla. Njengoba inani labantu emhlabeni liqhubeka likhula, ukungasebenzi kahle kokudla okusekelwe ezilwaneni kuba sobala kakhulu. Ukushintshela ezindleleni ezisimeme kakhulu nezisekelwe ezitshalweni kungasiza ekwehliseni lezi zingcindezi ngenkathi kugqugquzelwa ukudla okunempilo komuntu ngamunye kanye neplanethi.
Ukukhuthaza Ukukhetha Okuhlukile Kokudla kanye Nokudla Okunokulinganisela
Ukukhetha ukudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni kungenye yezindlela ezinomthelela kakhulu abantu abanganciphisa ngayo i-carbon footprint yabo futhi babe neqhaza ekusaseni elizinzile. Ngokuhlanganisa izithelo eziningi, imifino, okusanhlamvu, okusanhlamvu okuphelele ekudleni kwethu, asikwazi nje ukunciphisa imithwalo yemvelo kodwa futhi sithuthukise impilo yomuntu siqu. Ukweseka izindlela zokulima ezihlonipha izimiso nemvelo kubalulekile ngokufanayo ekukhuthazeni ukuguqukela ohlelweni lokudla oluzinzile.
Isiphetho
Uhambo olusuka epulazini uye kwelinye luhambisana nemithelela ejulile yezemvelo. Ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo yezilwane kudinga isamba esikhulu semithombo, kunomthelela ekukhishweni kwamagesi abamba ukushisa, kucekela phansi imvelo, futhi kuqede izinsiza ezibalulekile. Kuyacaca ukuthi ukuguqula uhlelo lwethu lokudla lube ngolozinzile futhi olunokulinganisela kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu.
Njengabathengi abaqaphelayo, masingawabukeli phansi amandla esinawo. Ngokwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi, samukele ezinye izindlela ezisekelwe ezitshalweni, kanye nokweseka izinqubo zokulima ezinokuziphatha, singanciphisa ngokuhlanganyela umthelela wemvelo wokulima kwezilwane futhi siqinisekise ikusasa eliqhakazile, eliluhlaza ezizukulwaneni ezizayo.
1: ukusetshenziswa komhlaba wepulazi: I-Science and World Resources InstituteIbhokisi
2: ukugawulwa kwamahlathi: Yale School of Forestry & Environmental StudiesIbhokisi
3: umquba: I-Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Ibhokisi 4: amagesi abamba ukushisa: United States Umnyango Wezolimo (i-USDA)