Ukulima kwasefekthri, okwaziwa nangokuthi ukulima kwezilwane ngokujulile, sekuyindlela ehamba phambili yokukhiqiza ukudla ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba. Ngokusebenza kahle kwayo namandla okuhlangabezana nesidingo esikhulayo senyama, ubisi, namaqanda, lolu hlobo lwezolimo oluthuthukisiwe luye lwanda kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva. Nokho, ngokukhula okunjalo kuba nemiphumela, futhi enye yezindaba ezicindezela kakhulu indima yamafekthri amapulazi ekugawulweni kwamahlathi nokucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zokuhlala. Njengoba isidingo semikhiqizo yezilwane siqhubeka sikhula, umhlaba omningi uguqulwa ube amapulazi ezimboni, okuholela ekucekeleni phansi kwezindawo zemvelo nokulahlekelwa izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Lesi sihloko sizohlola ubudlelwano phakathi kokulima kwasefekthri nokugawulwa kwamahlathi, sigqamisa umthelela omubi onawo endaweni yethu nezilwane zasendle. Sizophinde sihlolisise izizathu ezibangela lo mkhuba olimazayo, kanye nezixazululo ezingasiza ekwehliseni imiphumela yawo elimazayo. Ngokuqonda iqhaza lamapulazi ezimboni ekugawulweni kwamahlathi kanye nokucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zokuhlala, singakwazi ukwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi njengabathengi futhi sikhuthaze izindlela ezisimeme kanye nezimiso zokuziphatha ezinhlelweni zethu zokukhiqiza ukudla.
Isidingo senyama siphehla ukugawulwa kwamahlathi
Ukuxhumana okwethusayo phakathi kwesidingo senyama nokugawulwa kwamahlathi akunakunakwa. Njengoba inani labantu embulungeni yonke liqhubeka landa, kanjalo nesifiso semikhiqizo yezilwane siyakhula. Lesi sidingo esinganelisi siholela ekwandeni kwezolimo lwezohwebo, ikakhulukazi ezifundeni ezifana nehlathi lemvula lase-Amazon, lapho izindawo ezinkulu zisuswa khona ukuze kukhiqizwe imfuyo kanye nokutshalwa kwezitshalo zokudla. Imiphumela ilimaza kakhulu, njengoba ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kungagcini nje ngokubhubhisa izindawo eziyigugu zemvelo nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kodwa futhi kunomthelela ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu ngokukhiphela isikhutha esiningi emkhathini. Kubalulekile ukuba sivume iqhaza elibalulekile elidlalwa ukudla kwethu inyama ekuqhubekiseni ukugawulwa kwamahlathi futhi sithathe izinyathelo zokukhuthaza ezinye izindlela ezisimeme nezinokuziphatha okuhle embonini yokudla.
Amapulazi emboni athatha amahlathi
Ukwanda kwamapulazi ezimboni eminyakeni yamuva nje kuye kwaba nomthelela omubi emahlathini ethu nasezindaweni zemvelo. Le misebenzi yezolimo enezimboni, ebonakala ngokukhiqiza imfuyo eningi, ikhule ngokushesha ukuze ihlangabezane nesidingo esikhulayo senyama nemikhiqizo yezilwane. Ngenxa yalokho, izindawo ezinkulu zamahlathi ziguqulwa zibe indawo yamapulazi ezimboni, okuholela ekugawulweni kwamahlathi nokucekelwa phansi kwemvelo. Lokhu kuthambekela kubangela usongo olukhulu ekulinganiseni okuntekenteke kwezimiso zemvelo, njengoba kuphazamisa indawo engokwemvelo yezilwane ezingenakubalwa futhi kunomthelela ekulahlekeni kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Ukwandiswa okunganqandwa kwamapulazi ezimboni akugcini nje ngokukhulisa inkinga yezemvelo esibhekene nayo kodwa futhi kugqamisa isidingo esiphuthumayo sezinqubo eziqhubekayo nezinesibopho ezinhlelweni zethu zokukhiqiza ukudla.
Izindawo zokuhlala ezicekeleke phansi ukuze kudliwe imfuyo
Ukudliswa kwemfuyo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho kudliswa khona kakhulu, kuhlonzwe njengembangela enkulu yokucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zokuhlala. Lo mkhuba obhubhisayo uhilela ukuguqulwa kwezindawo zemvelo, njengamathafa otshani namahlathi, zibe izindawo zamadlelo emfuyo. Ngenxa yalokho, izimila zendabuko ngokuvamile ziyasuswa, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kwezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo kanye nokuphazamiseka kwesimiso semvelo semvelo. Ukwengeza, ukuklaba ngokweqile kungabangela ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi, ukucinana, nokuwohloka, kuphinde kubeke engcupheni ubuqotho bezindawo zokuhlala. Imiphumela yokucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zokuhlala imfuyo idla imbuya ngothi, ayithinti kuphela izitshalo nezilwane zezindawo ezithintekile kodwa futhi inomthelela ekulahlekeni kwezinsiza ze-ecosystem, njengokudliwa kwekhabhoni kanye nokuhluzwa kwamanzi. Ukubhekana nalolu daba kudinga imizamo ebumbene ekukhuthazeni izindlela zokudlisa esimeme kanye namasu okuphatha umhlaba abeka eqhulwini ukongiwa nokubuyiselwa kwezindawo zokuhlala ngesikhathi kuhlangatshezwana nezidingo zokukhiqiza imfuyo.
Izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zihlushwa ukusika ngokucacile
Ukugawula ngokucacile, umkhuba ovame ukuhlotshaniswa nokugawulwa kwemithi ngenjongo yokuthengisa, kubangela usongo olukhulu ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Ngokususa ngokuphelele zonke izihlahla endaweni ekhethiwe, ukugawulwa kuqedwe izindawo eziyinkimbinkimbi nezihlukahlukene ezisekela izinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo nezilwane. Lokhu kususwa kwezitshalo ngokungakhethi kuphazamisa izinqubo zemvelo, njengokuhamba ngebhayisikili izakhi kanye nokufuduka kwezilwane zasendle, okuholela ekulahlekeni kokuhlukahluka kwemvelo kokubili emazingeni endawo nawesifunda. Ukwengeza, ukusika okucacile kungaholela ekwandeni kokuguguleka kwenhlabathi, ukungcoliswa kwamanzi, nokuguqulwa kwezimo ze-microclimate, kuphinde kube nomthelela ekuqineni kwemvelo. Imizamo yokunciphisa imiphumela engemihle yokugawulwa kwemvelo kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kufanele ihlanganise ukuqaliswa kwezinqubo ezisimeme zamahlathi, njengokugawulwa kwemithi okukhethekile nokubuyisela amahlathi, ukuze kugcinwe ubuqotho nokusebenza kwemvelo yethu yemvelo.
Imboni yemfuyo iqhuba amazinga okugawulwa kwamahlathi
Imboni yemfuyo iqhamuke njengembangela enkulu yokugawulwa kwamahlathi emhlabeni jikelele. Njengoba isidingo somhlaba wonke senyama nemikhiqizo yezilwane sikhula, inqwaba yamahlathi ayagawulwa ukuze kuvuleke amadlelo nezilimo zokudla. Lokhu kwanda komkhakha wemfuyo kubangela ukucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zokuhlala ezibucayi, ukuxoshwa kwemiphakathi yendabuko kanye nokulahlekelwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kukhiphela isikhutha esiningi emkhathini, kube nengxenye ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu. Ukuguqulwa kwamahlathi abe amadlelo noma amasimu ezolimo akunciphisi nje kuphela ukusikeka kwekhabhoni yemvelo kweplanethi kodwa futhi kuphazamisa izinkonzo ezibalulekile zesimiso sezinto eziphilayo, njengokulawula amanzi nokuvunda kwenhlabathi. Kudingeka izinyathelo eziphuthumayo ukuze kubhekwane nomthelela omubi wemboni yemfuyo ekugawulweni kwamahlathi nokucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zokuhlala, okuhlanganisa nokugqugquzela izindlela ezisimeme zezolimo, ukusekela imizamo yokutshalwa kabusha kwamahlathi, kanye nokukhuthaza ukuguqukela ekudleni okusekelwe ezitshalweni. Ngokuqaphela nokubhekana nalezi zinkinga kuphela lapho singaphokophela ubudlelwano obuqhubekayo nobunobunye phakathi kwezolimo, amahlathi, kanye nemvelo.
Amahlathi emvula asuliwe ukuze kukhiqizwe isoya
Ukugawulwa okubanzi kwamahlathi emvula ukuze kukhiqizwe isoya sekube nomthelela omkhulu ekugawulweni kwamahlathi nokucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zokuhlala. Ezifundeni ezifana ne-Amazon, izindawo eziwudedangendlale zamahlathi acwebile ziguqulwa zibe amasimu esoya ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo esikhulayo sikabhontshisi wesoya njengokudla kwemfuyo nesithako ekudleni okugayiwe. Lokhu kwanda kwezolimo zesoya akuholeli nje kuphela ekulahlekeni kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo nezingenakushintshwa kodwa futhi kusongela ukuphila kwezinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo nezilwane ezithembele kulezi zindawo. Imithelela engemihle idlulela ngalé kokulahleka kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, njengoba ukugawulwa kwamahlathi okuhlobene nokukhiqizwa kwesoya kukhipha amanani abalulekile e-carbon dioxide, okwenza kube nzima ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Ukuze kuncishiswe imiphumela elimazayo yezolimo zesoya, kubalulekile ukukhuthaza izindlela zokulima ezisimeme, kuphoqelelwe imithetho eqinile mayelana nokusetshenziswa komhlaba, kanye nokukhuthaza izinqubo zokuthola usizo ezinomthwalo wemfanelo ochungechungeni lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla emhlabeni wonke.
Ukulima kwezilwane kuxhumene nokushabalala
Ukulima kwezilwane kunengxenye emazingeni ashaqisayo okuqothulwa emhlabeni wonke, okuwusongo olukhulu ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Izindlela zokukhiqiza ezinamandla ezisetshenziswa emapulazini ezimboni ziholela ekucekeleni phansi kwezindawo zemvelo kanye nokuxoshwa kwezilwane zasendle zomdabu. Ukwandiswa kokufuywa kwemfuyo kudinga umhlabathi omningi , okuholela ekugawulweni kwamahlathi kanye nokuwohloka kwezimiso zemvelo ezibalulekile. Lokhu kulahlekelwa kwendawo yemvelo kuphazamisa ukulingana okuntekenteke kokuhlangana kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, kusondeza izitshalo nezilwane eziningi ezisengozini yokushabalala eduze nokushabalala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwezibulala-zinambuzane nomanyolo ekulimeni kwezilwane kungcolisa imithombo yamanzi, kubeke engozini ukuphila kwasemanzini. Isidingo esiphuthumayo sokubhekana nomthelela omubi wokulima kwezilwane ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni wonke sigcizelela ukubaluleka kokuguqukela ezinhlelweni zokukhiqiza ukudla ezizinzile nezinesimilo.
Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kunomthelela ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu
Inqubo yokugawulwa kwamahlathi, ebonakala ngokugawulwa kwamahlathi ngezinjongo ezihlukahlukene ezinjengokulima, ukugawulwa kwemithi nokwakhiwa kwamadolobha, inomthelela omkhulu ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu. Amahlathi adlala indima ebalulekile ekudambiseni ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu ngokusebenza njengamasinki e-carbon, amunca futhi agcine inani elikhulu lesikhutha emkhathini. Nokho, lapho amahlathi egawulwa noma eshiswa, ikhabhoni egciniwe ikhishwa ibuyele emkhathini ibe isikhutha, igesi ebamba ukushisa ebamba ukushisa futhi ibe nengxenye ekufudumaleni kwembulunga yonke. Ukulahleka kwamahlathi nakho kunciphisa amandla eplanethi okumunca nokulawula amazinga e-carbon dioxide, okwenza kube nzima imithelela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Ukwengeza, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kuphazamisa izimo zezulu zendawo, kuholela ekulimaleni kwenhlabathi, futhi kubangele ukulahlekelwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, okubhebhethekisa imiphumela yemvelo. Ngakho-ke, ukubhekana nokugawulwa kwamahlathi kubalulekile ekulweni nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu nokuvikela ukulingana kwemvelo kweplanethi.
Ukulima emafekthri kusongela imiphakathi yendabuko
Imiphakathi yendabuko emhlabeni wonke iya ngokuya ibhekana nezinsongo ezivela emisebenzini yokulima efekthri. Le miphakathi, evame ukuxhunyaniswa ngokujulile futhi ethembele ezindaweni ezizungezile ukuze ithole ukudla kanye nemikhuba yamasiko, ithikamezekile ngokukhula kwezolimo zezimboni. Njengoba amapulazi ezimboni engena ezindaweni zawo, imiphakathi yendabuko ayibhekani nje kuphela nokulahlekelwa izindawo zokhokho bayo, kodwa futhi nokucekelwa phansi kwemvelo ebalulekile kanye nemithombo yemvelo lapho ukuphila kwayo kuncike khona. Ukungcola nokungcoliswa okubangelwa imikhuba yokulima eqinile kuqhubekisela phambili ukuwohloka kwempilo nokuphila kahle kwale miphakathi, okuholela ekwenyukeni kwamazinga okuphefumula nezinye izinkinga zempilo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufuduka kanye nokubandlululwa kwabantu bomdabu ngenxa yokulima kwasefekthri kunemiphumela elimazayo emafa abo amasiko kanye nokubumbana komphakathi. Ukuqaphela kanye nokubhekana nezinsongo zokulima kwefekthri eziletha imiphakathi yendabuko kubalulekile ekuvikeleni amalungelo abo, ukulondoloza ulwazi lwayo oluyingqayizivele kanye nemikhuba, kanye nokukhuthaza ukusimama kwemvelo.
Ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwenyama kulwa nokugawulwa kwamahlathi
Ukunciphisa ukudla kwenyama kudlala indima ebalulekile ekulweni nokugawulwa kwamahlathi, okuwudaba olucindezelayo olubhebhethekiswa ukwanda kwamapulazi ezimboni. Isidingo senyama, ikakhulukazi inyama yenkomo, yisona sizathu esibalulekile sokuqothulwa kwamahlathi njengoba izindawo ezinkulu zamahlathi zigawulwa ukuze kuvuleke indawo yokufuya izinkomo kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezitshalo zokudla kwezilwane. Lokhu kugawulwa kwamahlathi akuholeli nje kuphela ekulahlekelweni kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezibalulekile nendawo ehlala kuyo izilwane ezingenakubalwa kodwa futhi kunomthelela ekwandeni kokukhishwa kwamagesi abamba ukushisa nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Ngokukhetha ezinye izindlela ezisekelwe ezitshalweni noma ukuzijwayeza ukunciphisa inyama, abantu banganciphisa ngokuphawulekayo indawo yabo yemvelo futhi babe neqhaza ekulondolozweni kwamahlathi kanye nezinsizakalo zabo ezibalulekile ze-ecosystem, njengokudliwa kwekhabhoni kanye nokulawulwa kwamanzi. Ukwengeza, ukukhuthaza izinqubo zezolimo ezisimeme nezivuselelayo kungasiza ekuguqukeni ezindleleni zokulima zasefekthri ezibhubhisayo futhi ziye ezindleleni zokukhiqiza ukudla ezinobungani nemvelo nezinesibopho emphakathini.
Sengiphetha, umthelela wamapulazi efektri ekugawulweni kwamahlathi kanye nokucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zokuhlala awunakuzitshwa. Njengabathengi, kubalulekile ukuba sazi ukuthi ukudla kwethu kuvelaphi kanye nemiphumela yemvelo yezinqumo zethu. Ukwengeza, kubalulekile ukuthi ohulumeni nezinkampani zithathe isinyathelo ekulawuleni nasekunciphiseni imiphumela emibi yokulima efekthri. Ngokusebenzisana, singakha uhlelo lokudla oluzinzile futhi olunomthwalo wemfanelo olubeka kuqala impilo yeplanethi yethu. Sonke masithathe izinqumo eziphusile futhi sifune ukuziphendulela ukuze sivikele indawo esihlala kuyo kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezindawo ezizisekelayo.
FAQ
Amapulazi ezimboni anengxenye kanjani ekugawulweni kwamahlathi nokucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zokuhlala?
Amapulazi amafekthri afaka isandla ekugawulweni kwamahlathi kanye nokucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zokuhlala ngokunwetshwa komhlaba wokukhiqiza imfuyo. Njengoba isidingo senyama, ubisi namaqanda sikhula, kudingeka umhlabathi owengeziwe ukuze kutshalwe izitshalo ukuze kondle izilwane nokuzakhela izilwane ngokwazo. Lokhu kuholela ekugawulweni kwamahlathi kanye nokuguqulwa kwezindawo zemvelo zibe umhlaba wokulima. Ukwengeza, amapulazi emboni akhiqiza imfucuza eningi, evame ukungcolisa imithombo yamanzi eseduze futhi ilimaze imvelo ezungezile. Ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane nomanyolo ekukhiqizeni ukudla kunomthelela ekungcoleni nasekuqhubekeni nokucekelwa phansi kwemvelo. Sekukonke, amapulazi emboni anomthelela omkhulu ekugawulweni kwamahlathi nasekulahlekeni kwezindawo zokuhlala.
Yiziphi izizathu eziyinhloko ezibangela ukwanda kwamapulazi efekthri kanye nomthelela wawo ezindaweni zemvelo?
Izizathu eziyinhloko zokwanda kwamapulazi efektri ukwanda kwesidingo senyama nemikhiqizo yobisi emhlabeni wonke, kanye nesifiso senzuzo ephezulu. Amapulazi emboni ayakwazi ukukhiqiza inani elikhulu lemikhiqizo yezilwane ngezindleko eziphansi uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela zokulima zendabuko. Lokhu kwanda kuye kwaholela ekucekeleni phansi kwezindawo zemvelo njengoba amahlathi nezinye izinto eziphilayo zisuswa ukuze kwenziwe la mapulazi. Ukwengeza, amapulazi amafekthri akhiqiza imfucuza eningi kanye nokungcola, okuphinde kube nomthelela emvelweni nasezindaweni zemvelo.
Iyini imiphumela yemvelo yokugawulwa kwamahlathi nokucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zokuhlala okubangelwa amapulazi amafekthri?
Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kanye nokucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zokuhlala okubangelwa amapulazi ezimboni kunemiphumela emibi yemvelo. Lapho amahlathi egawulwa ngenjongo yezolimo, kuholela ekulahlekeni kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, ukuphazamiseka kwesimiso sezinto eziphilayo nendawo yazo ezungezile, nokwanda kwesisi esingcolisa umoya. Ukucekelwa phansi kwezindawo okuhlala kuzo kusongela nezinhlobo eziningi zezinto eziphilayo, okuziqhubekisela ekuqothulweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kunomthelela ekugugulekeni kwenhlabathi nasekungcolisweni kwamanzi, okuqhubeka kucekela phansi indawo ezungezile. Lokhu kucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zemvelo akuthinti nje kuphela i-ecosystem yendawo kodwa kunomthelela emhlabeni wonke ngokwandisa ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nokunciphisa amandla eplanethi okumunca isikhutha. Sekukonke, imiphumela yemvelo yokugawulwa kwamahlathi nokucekelwa phansi kwendawo okubangelwa amapulazi emboni ibalulekile futhi idinga ukunakwa okuphuthumayo kanye nezixazululo ezisimeme.
Ingabe zikhona ezinye izindlela ezisimeme zokulima efekthri ezingasiza ukunciphisa ukugawulwa kwamahlathi nokucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zokuhlala?
Yebo, kunezinye izindlela ezisimeme zokulima efekthri ezingasiza ekwehliseni ukugawulwa kwamahlathi nokucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zokuhlala. Okunye okunjalo ukulima okuzivuselelayo, okugxile ekubuyiseleni impilo yemvelo nomhlabathi ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezinjengokushintshaniswa kwezitshalo, ukwenza umquba, kanye ne-agroforestry. Le ndlela inciphisa isidingo sokugawulwa komhlaba okukhulu kanye nokufaka amakhemikhali, ukulondoloza izindawo zemvelo nokuvimbela ukugawulwa kwamahlathi. Ukwengeza, ukwamukela ukudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni kanye nokukhuthaza imikhuba yokulima imfuyo esimeme, njengokudlisa ngokushintshana, kunganciphisa isidingo sokulima kwezilwane okudinga umhlaba futhi kusize ukuvikela amahlathi nezindawo zokuhlala. Ukugcizelela lezi zindlela ezihlukile kungaba nomthelela ohlelweni lokudla oluzinzile futhi oluhambisana nemvelo.
Iyiphi indima abathengi abangayibamba ekunciphiseni umthelela wamapulazi embonini ekugawulweni kwamahlathi nokucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zokuhlala?
Abathengi bangadlala indima ebalulekile ekwehliseni umthelela wamapulazi efektri ekugawulweni kwamahlathi kanye nokucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zokuhlala ngokwenza izinqumo ezinengqondo emikhubeni yabo yokuthenga. Ngokukhetha imikhiqizo etholakala emikhubeni eqhubekayo nevumelana nemvelo, njengezinketho zemvelo noma ezitshalwe endaweni, abathengi bangakha isidingo sezindlela zokulima ezinomthwalo wemfanelo. Ukweseka nokukhuthaza izinkampani ezibeka phambili inhlalakahle yezilwane, ukongiwa, kanye nezolimo ezisimeme nakho kungaba nomthelela omuhle. Ukwengeza, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwenyama noma ukushintshela ekudleni okusekelwe ezitshalweni kungasiza ekunciphiseni isidingo semikhiqizo efuywa efekthri, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise isidingo sokugawulwa kwamahlathi nokucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zokuhlala okuhlobene nalawo mapulazi.