Ukulima kwasefekthri, okubuye kwaziwe ngokuthi ezolimo zezimboni, sekuyindlela ejwayelekile yokukhiqiza ukudla emazweni amaningi emhlabeni jikelele. Ngokukhula kwesidingo sokudla okushibhile nokuchichimayo, imboni isiguquke yaba uhlelo olusebenza kahle kakhulu lokukhiqiza ngobuningi. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kokupakishwa okucwebezelayo nezintengo ezikhangayo kukhona iqiniso elimnyama. Izilwane ezisinikeza inyama, ubisi namaqanda ziphila ngaphansi kwezimo ezinonya futhi ziphathwa ngonya. Unya oluhlelekile nokuxhashazwa kwalezi zilwane kufihlwe kakhulu emehlweni omphakathi, kodwa sekuyisikhathi sokuveza iqiniso. Kulesi sihloko, sizocubungula iqiniso elimnyama lamapulazi efektri futhi sikhanyisele unya oluhlelekile olukhona ngaphakathi kwale mboni. Kusukela ezimweni zokuphila kwezilwane kuya ezindleleni zokukhiqiza, sizodalula amaqiniso anzima futhi avame ukunganakwa ngemuva kokudla okusemapuletini ethu. Kubalulekile ukuthi sazi imithelela yesimilo nemvelo ekukhetheni kwethu ukudla, futhi siqonde umthelela ukulima kwasefekthri okunawo ezilwaneni, empilweni yethu, kanye nakwiplanethi. Ake sibhekisise iqiniso eliphazamisayo lamapulazi ezimboni kanye nesidingo soshintsho ohlelweni lwethu lokudla.
Ukuminyana, ukunganakwa, kanye nokuhlukunyezwa: Iqiniso elimnyama lokulima kwasefekthri
Ukulima emafekthri kade kwaba yinto ekhathazayo ngenxa yokuminyana kanye nezimo ezinzima lapho kukhuliswa khona izilwane. Ukuhlaziywa okujulile kwezimo izilwane ezibekezelelwa emapulazini emboni yembula iqiniso elicindezelayo elibonakala ngokuminyana, ukuntuleka kosizo lwezokwelapha, nemikhuba ehlukumezayo. Izilwane ziminyene ezindaweni ezincane, ezivalekile, ziziphilela inkululeko yokuzibandakanya ekuziphatheni kwemvelo. Lokhu kuminyana akugcini nje ngokubeka engcupheni impilo yabo engokomzimba kodwa futhi kunomthelela omkhulu ongokwengqondo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuntuleka kokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha nokunakwa kwandisa ukuhlupheka kwabo, okubashiye besengozini yezifo nokulimala ngokuvamile okungelashwa. Ukucatshangelwa kwezimiso zokuziphatha kubathengi akunakushaywa indiva, njengoba ukusekela lolu hlelo kuqhubekisela phambili umjikelezo wonya obeka phambili inzuzo ngaphezu kwenhlalakahle yalezi zidalwa ezizwelayo. Kubalulekile ukukhanyisa kulawa maqiniso amnyama futhi sikhuthaze ezinye izindlela zobuntu ezibeka kuqala impilo yezilwane kanye nokukhiqizwa kokudla okunokuziphatha.
Ukwembula iqiniso: Ngaphakathi kwamapulazi efektri
Uphenyo olunzulu ngezimo izilwane ezibekezelelwa ngazo emapulazini emboni lwembula iqiniso eliphazamisayo elidalula unya oluhlelekile olulandela ukudla kwethu. Ukuminyana phakathi kwalezi zikhungo kuyinkinga egcwele, nezilwane ezivalelwe ezindaweni eziqinile ezikhawulela ukuziphatha kwazo kwemvelo nokuphila kahle. Ukuntuleka kosizo lwezokwelapha olwanele kwandisa usizi lwabo, okubashiye besengozini yezifo nokulimala ngaphandle kokwelashwa okufanele. Ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kwemikhuba ehlukumezayo, njengamakhreyithi okukhulelwa namakheji ebhethri, kuphinde kugqamise ukunganakwa kwenhlalakahle yezilwane kulezi zindawo. Lokhu kuphakamisa ukucatshangelwa kokuziphatha okubalulekile kubathengi, njengoba ukusekelwa kwabo kwalolu hlelo kuqhubekisela phambili umjikelezo wokuhlupheka futhi kubeka phambili inzuzo ngaphezu kozwelo. Ngokuhlolisisa iqiniso ngemuva kwamapulazi efektri, singavusa izingxoxo ezinengqondo futhi sigqugquzele izinguquko ezinhle ezibeka kuqala inhlalakahle kanye nokuphathwa kahle kwezilwane ohlelweni lwethu lokudla.
Izindleko eziphezulu zenyama eshibhile: Inhlalakahle yezilwane emapulazini efektri
Izindleko eziphakeme zenyama eshibhile zidlulela ngalé kwezikhwama zethu zesikhwama, zihlola imithelela yokuziphatha neyokuziphatha yenhlalakahle yezilwane emapulazini emboni. Ngemva kwezigcawu, izilwane zibekezelela izimo ongazicabangeli, zivaleleke emjikelezweni wokuhlupheka. Ukuminyana, inkinga edlangile, igxeka lezi zilwane ezindaweni eziminyene, kuziphuca ikhono lokuzibandakanya ekuziphatheni kwemvelo noma ukuhamba ngokukhululeka. Ngaphezu kwezinkinga ezingokomzimba, ukuntuleka kokunakekelwa okufanele kwezokwelapha kubashiya besengozini yezifo nokulimala, bengenakho ukukhululeka okuncane. Ukusetshenziswa kwemikhuba ehlukumezayo, njengokuvalelwa kwezingulube emakhazeni okumitha kanye nezikhukhukazi emakhejini amabhethri, kuphinde kube yisibonelo sokungayinaki inhlalakahle yazo. Njengabathengi, kufanele sibhekane neqiniso elimnyama lamapulazi efektri futhi sicabangele imithelela yengqondo kulezi zidalwa ezingenacala. Kubalulekile ukuthi singabaze izindleko zokukhetha kwethu futhi silwele uhlelo lokudla olubeka uzwelo kanye nokuphathwa ngendlela efanele emnyombweni walo.
Ukubhekana nemithelela yesimilo: Iqhaza labathengi ekulimeni kwefekthri
Ukuhlaziywa okujulile kwezimo izilwane ezibekezelelwa emapulazini ezimboni kuveza unya oluhlelekile olusemuva kokudla kwethu. Ukuminyana, ukuntuleka kosizo lwezokwelapha, nemikhuba ehlukumezayo ngezinye zezinto ezikhungethe lezi zikhungo. Izilwane zivalelwe ezindaweni eziminyene, azikwazi ukuzibandakanya ekuziphatheni kwemvelo noma ukuhamba ngokukhululeka, njengoba ukuminyana kuba yiqiniso elivamile nelingenakugwenywa. Lokhu kuvalelwa akugcini nje ngokukhawulela amakhono azo angokomzimba kodwa futhi kubangela ukucindezeleka okungokwengqondo kulezi zidalwa ezingenacala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungabikho kokunakekelwa okufanele kwezokwelapha kubenza babe sengozini yezifo nokulimala, okuholela ekuhluphekeni okwengeziwe. Njengabathengi, sibhekene nenkinga yokuziphatha. Kufanele sibhekane nemithelela yezimiso zokuziphatha esizikhethayo futhi sicabangele umthelela isidingo sethu senyama eshibhile esinawo ezimpilweni zalezi zilwane. Ngokuzifundisa thina nokwenza izinqumo ezinengqondo, singabekela inselele isimo esikhona futhi sikhuthaze uhlelo lokudla olunobuntu nolunozwelo.
Ngale kwepuleti: Inani elingokwengqondo lokulima kwefekthri ezilwaneni
Izimo ezingaphenduki izilwane ezibekezelela emapulazini efektri zidlulela ngalé kwepuleti, kuhlanganise nokucindezeleka okujulile okungokwengqondo. Njengezidalwa ezizwelayo, zingaphansi kwemvelo ebahlubula umuzwa wazo wemvelo nokusebenzelana komphakathi. Ukuminyana okukhulu, okuhambisana nokuchayeka njalo ezimeni ezidala ukucindezeleka, kubangela ukuhlupheka okukhulu ngokwengqondo kwalezi zilwane. Abakwazi ukuzibandakanya ekuziphatheni kwabo okungokwemvelo, okufana nokuzijabulisa noma ukuhlola indawo ebazungezile, basale bebekezelela impilo yokuzihlukanisa nokukhungatheka. Ukuntula ukushukunyiswa kwengqondo kanye nokwesaba nokukhathazeka okuqhubekayo abakutholayo ngokungangabazeki kunomthelela enhlalakahleni yabo iyonke. Ukuqaphela umthelela ongokwengqondo wokulima kwasefekthri ezilwaneni kuveza ukucatshangelwa kwezimiso zokuziphatha ezibalulekile kubathengi. Kuyafuneka ukungabaza uhlelo oluqhubekisela phambili unya olunjalo oluhlelekile futhi kufuneke ezinye izindlela ezibeka phambili inhlalakahle yalezi zidalwa ezingenazwi.
Sengiphetha, udaba lwamapulazi ezimboni luyinkimbinkimbi futhi luthinta kakhulu. Kusukela ekuphathweni ngonya kwezilwane kuya emithelela yemvelo nempilo, kuyacaca ukuthi lolu hlelo alusimame. Njengabathengi, sinamandla okufuna uguquko futhi sisekele izindlela zokulima ezinokuziphatha nezisimeme. Ngokuzifundisa kanye nokwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi, singasebenzela ohlelweni lokudla olunobulungiswa futhi olunozwelo. Sekuyisikhathi sokubhekana neqiniso elimnyama lokulima kwasefekthri futhi silwele ikusasa elingcono, elinobuntu embonini yethu yokudla.
FAQ
Yiziphi ezinye zezibonelo zonya oluhlelekile olwenzeka emapulazini ezimboni?
Ezinye izibonelo zonya oluhleliwe emapulazini efektri zihlanganisa ukuminyana kwezilwane ezindaweni ezivalekile, ukusetshenziswa okujwayelekile kwemithi elwa namagciwane namahomoni ukuze kukhuliswe ukukhula, izinqubo ezibuhlungu njengokugoqa umsila noma ukugoqa umsila ngaphandle kokubulala izinzwa, kanye nokufinyelela okulinganiselwe emoyeni omusha, ukukhanya kwemvelo, noma indawo yangaphandle. Izilwane zivame ukuba ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima zokuphila, njengezindawo ezingcolile nezingahlanzekile, ezingaholela ezifweni nasekuhluphekeni. Ukwengeza, imikhuba efana nokuzalanisa okujulile kanye nokuxhaphaza izakhi zofuzo kungabangela izinkinga zempilo ezilwaneni. Lezi zibonelo zigqamisa unya kanye nokunganakwa kwenhlalakahle yezilwane ezinhlelweni zokulima zasefekthri.
Iqiniso elimnyama lamafekthri amapulazi liyithinta kanjani inhlalakahle nenhlalakahle yezilwane?
Iqiniso elimnyama lamapulazi emboni linomthelela omkhulu enhlalakahleni nasenhlalakahleni yezilwane. Lawa mapulazi abeka phambili inzuzo kunenhlalakahle yezilwane, okuholela ekubeni kube nezimo eziminyana nezingahlanzekile. Izilwane zivame ukuvalelwa emakhejini amancane noma ezibayeni, azikwazi ukuzibandakanya ekuziphatheni kwemvelo noma ukuzivocavoca. Babhekana nezinqubo ezibuhlungu njengokudonswa isiqhwala nomsila ngaphandle kokubulala izinzwa. Ukuchayeka njalo ekucindezelekeni, ezifweni, nakuma-antibiotics nakho kubeka impilo yabo engozini. Ukuntuleka kokufinyelela emoyeni ohlanzekile, ukukhanya kwelanga, nezindawo zemvelo zemvelo kulimaza nakakhulu ukuphila kwabo ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo. Ekugcineni, amapulazi emboni aqhubekisela phambili ukuhlupheka okukhulu futhi alulaza ukuphila kwezilwane.
Iyini imiphumela yemvelo yamapulazi efektri kanye nemikhuba yawo?
Amapulazi emboni anemiphumela ebalulekile yemvelo. I- concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) ikhiqiza inqwaba yemfucuza engcolisa imizila yamanzi futhi ikhiphe amagesi abamba ukushisa. Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwama-antibiotics nama-hormone kulawa mapulazi kunomthelela ekuphikiseni ama-antibiotic futhi kuphazamisa imvelo yemvelo. Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi okudingekayo ekukhiqizeni ukudla kunomthelela nakakhulu ekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu. Ukwengeza, amapulazi emboni adla amanzi amaningi futhi anomthelela ekuntulekeni kwamanzi. Umthelela wemvelo wokulima kwefekthri ulimaza ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo, ikhwalithi yomhlabathi, imithombo yamanzi, nemizamo yokunciphisa ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu . Izindlela zokulima ezisimeme nezinye ziyadingeka ukuze kuncishiswe le miphumela.
Unya oluhleliwe emapulazini emboni lulithinta kanjani izinga nokuphepha kokudla okukhiqizwayo?
Unya oluhlelekile emapulazini efektri ingaba nomthelela omubi eqophelweni nasekuphepheni kokudla okukhiqizwayo. Izilwane ezikhuliswe ezindaweni eziminyene futhi ezingahlanzekile zivame ukungenwa izifo kanye nezifo, ezingase zidluliselwe kubathengi ngenyama engcolile noma imikhiqizo yobisi. Ukwengeza, ukusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotics ekulimeni kwefekthri ukuvimbela noma ukwelapha izifo kungaholela ekuphikisweni kwama-antibiotic, okwenza kube nzima ukwelapha izifo zabantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukucindezeleka kanye nezimo zokuphila ezimbi ezitholwa izilwane emapulazini asefekthri kungase kuthinte ikhwalithi yenyama noma ubisi lwazo, okungenzeka kunciphise inani layo lokudla okunomsoco.
Yiziphi ezinye zezixazululo ezingaba khona noma ezinye izindlela zokulima efekthri ezingabhekana nezindaba zonya kanye nomthelela emvelweni?
Ezinye izixazululo ezingaba khona noma ezinye izindlela zokulima kwasefekthri zibandakanya ukushintshela ezinkambisweni ezisimeme kakhulu nezinezimiso zokuziphatha ezifana nezolimo ezivuselelayo, i-agroecology, nokulima okuqondile. Ukulima okuzivuselelayo kugxile ekubuyiseleni impilo yenhlabathi kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, kanti i-agroecology ikhuthaza indlela yokulima ehlanganisa zonke izinto nemvelo. Ukulima okuqondile kubandakanya ukutshala izitshalo ezingqimbeni ezinqwabelene endlini, kusetshenziswa umhlabathi namanzi amancane. Lezi zindlela ezihlukile zihlose ukunciphisa isihluku ezilwaneni, ukunciphisa umthelela wemvelo, nokukhuthaza izinhlelo ezisimeme zokukhiqiza ukudla. Ukwengeza, ukukhuthaza ukudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni kanye nokweseka ukulima kwendawo, eziphilayo, kanye nezinga elincane nakho kungasiza ekuxazululeni lezi zinkinga.