Izilwane zasendle

Izilwane zasendle zibhekene nezinsongo ezikhulayo ezivela emisebenzini yabantu, kanye nokulima kwezimboni, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, kanye nokwanda kwamadolobha okukhuculula izindawo zokuhlala ezibalulekile ukuze ziphile. Amahlathi, izindawo ezimanzi, kanye notshani—ezaziyizindawo zemvelo ezichumayo—kuhlanzwa ngesivinini esikhulu, kuphoqa izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane ezindaweni ezihlukene lapho ukudla, indawo yokukhosela, kanye nokuphepha kuya ngokuya kuntuleka. Ukulahlekelwa yilezi zindawo zokuhlala akugcini nje ngokubeka engcupheni izilwane ngazinye; kuphazamisa yonke imvelo futhi kunciphisa ibhalansi yemvelo okuxhomeke kuyo konke ukuphila.
Njengoba izikhala zemvelo zinyamalala, izilwane zasendle zicindezelwa ukuba zisondelane kakhulu nemiphakathi yabantu, okudala izingozi ezintsha kuzo zombili. Izinhlobo ezazikwazi ukuzulazula ngokukhululeka manje ziyazingelwa, zishushumbiswa, noma zisuswe ezindaweni zazo, zivame ukuhlushwa ukulimala, indlala, noma ukucindezeleka njengoba zilwela ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezingenakuzisekela. Lokhu kungena kwandisa nengozi yezifo zezilwane, kugcizelela imiphumela emibi yokususa izithiyo phakathi kwabantu nezilwane zasendle.
Ekugcineni, usizi lwezilwane zasendle lubonisa inkinga ejulile yokuziphatha kanye nemvelo. Ukuphela ngakunye akumeli nje kuphela ukuthuliswa kwamazwi ahlukile emvelweni kodwa futhi kuyisithiyo ekuqineni kweplanethi. Ukuvikela izilwane zasendle kudinga ukubhekana nezimboni kanye nemikhuba ephatha imvelo njengento engasetshenziswa, kanye nezinhlelo ezifuna kakhulu ezihlonipha ukuhlala ndawonye kunokuxhashazwa. Ukusinda kwezinhlobo eziningi—kanye nempilo yomhlaba wethu ohlanganyelwe—kuncike kulolu shintsho oluphuthumayo.

Nakuba ukuzingela kwakuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphila kwabantu, ikakhulukazi eminyakeni eyi-100,000 eyedlule lapho abantu bokuqala bethembele ekuzingeleni ukudla, indima yako namuhla ihluke kakhulu. Emphakathini wanamuhla, ukuzingela sekuyinto yokuzilibazisa enobudlova kunokuba kube yisidingo sokondla. Kwabaningi abazingeli, akuseyona indlela yokusinda kodwa kuyindlela yokuzijabulisa evame ukuhilela ukulimala okungadingekile ezilwaneni. Izisusa zokuzingela zanamuhla zivame ukuqhutshwa injabulo yomuntu siqu, ukuphishekela izindebe, noma isifiso sokuhlanganyela emasikweni amadala, kunokuba kube nesidingo sokudla. Eqinisweni, ukuzingela kube nemiphumela emibi kakhulu ezilwaneni emhlabeni wonke. Kube negalelo elikhulu ekuqothulweni kwezinhlobo ezahlukene, ngezibonelo eziphawulekayo ezifaka phakathi ihlosi laseTasmania kanye ne-auk enkulu, lapho inani lazo labhujiswa khona yimikhuba yokuzingela. Lokhu kuqothulwa okubuhlungu kuyizikhumbuzo ezicacile ze…

Imboni yoboya, evame ukudayiswa njengophawu lokuceba, ifihla iqiniso elibuhlungu—imboni eyakhelwe ekuhluphekeni kwezilwane ezingenakubalwa. Unyaka ngamunye, izigidi zezidalwa ezifana nama-raccoon, ama-coyote, ama-bobcat, nama-otter zibekezelela ubuhlungu obungenakucatshangwa ezicuphweni ezenzelwe ukulimaza nokubulala ngenxa yemfashini. Kusukela ezicuphweni zensimbi ezichoboza imilenze kuya kumadivayisi afana nezicupho ze-Conibear eziminyanisa kancane kancane izisulu zazo, lezi zindlela azigcini nje ngokubangela usizi olukhulu kodwa futhi zibulala nezilwane ezingahlosiwe—kufaka phakathi izilwane ezifuywayo nezinhlobo ezisengozini yokuqothulwa—njengezisulu ezingahlosiwe. Ngaphansi kwengaphandle layo elikhazimulayo kunenkinga yokuziphatha eqhutshwa yinzuzo ngezindleko zenhlalakahle yezilwane. Lesi sihloko siveza amaqiniso amabi ngemuva kokukhiqizwa koboya ngenkathi sihlola izindlela ezinengqondo zokuphonsela inselelo lolu nya futhi sikhuthaze ushintsho

Isikhathi eside kakhulu, inganekwane yokuthi izinhlanzi azikwazi ukuzwa ubuhlungu iye yathethelela unya olusakazekile ekudobeni nasekufuyweni kwezinhlanzi. Kodwa-ke, ubufakazi besayensi obukhulayo buveza iqiniso elihluke kakhulu: izinhlanzi zinezakhiwo zezinzwa kanye nezimpendulo zokuziphatha ezidingekayo ukuze zibhekane nobuhlungu, ukwesaba, kanye nokucindezeleka. Kusukela emikhubeni yokudoba yezentengiselwano ebangela ukuhlupheka isikhathi eside kuya ezinhlelweni zokufuya izilwane ezigcwele ukucindezeleka nezifo, izigidigidi zezinhlanzi zibhekana nokulimala okungenakucatshangwa minyaka yonke. Lesi sihloko sigxila kwisayensi engemuva kokuqonda izinhlanzi, sidalula ukwehluleka kokuziphatha kwalezi zimboni, futhi sisiphonsela inselelo yokuthi sicabange kabusha ngobuhlobo bethu nokuphila kwasemanzini—sikhuthaza izinqumo zozwela ezibeka phambili inhlalakahle yezilwane kunokuxhashazwa

Uhlelo lwethu lokudla lwamanje lunesibopho sokufa kwezilwane zasemhlabeni ezingaphezu kwezigidigidi ezingu-9 minyaka yonke. Kodwa-ke, lesi sibalo esimangalisayo simane sibonisa ububanzi bokuhlupheka ngaphakathi kohlelo lwethu lokudla, njengoba sibhekene kuphela nezilwane zasemhlabeni. Ngaphezu kokulahlekelwa yimali emhlabeni, imboni yokudoba ibangela umonakalo omkhulu empilweni yasolwandle, ithatha izimpilo zezigidigidi zezinhlanzi nezinye izidalwa zasolwandle minyaka yonke, kungaba ngokuqondene nokudliwa ngabantu noma njengokulimala okungahlosiwe kwemikhuba yokudoba. Ukubanjwa kwezinhlanzi ngokungenhloso kubhekisela ekubanjweni okungahlosiwe kwezinhlobo ezingahlosiwe ngesikhathi sokusebenza kokudoba kwezentengiselwano. Lezi zisulu ezingahlosiwe zivame ukubhekana nemiphumela emibi, kusukela ekulimaleni nasekufeni kuya ekuphazamisekeni kwemvelo. Le ndatshana ihlola ubukhulu obuhlukahlukene bokubanjwa kwezinhlanzi ngokungenhloso, ikhanyisa umonakalo obangelwa yimikhuba yokudoba yezimboni. Kungani imboni yokudoba imbi? Imboni yokudoba ivame ukugxekwa ngemikhuba eminingana enemiphumela emibi ezindaweni zemvelo zasolwandle kanye …

Ngaphansi kobuso bezindawo zokugcina amanzi kanye namapaki olwandle kukhona iqiniso elikhathazayo elihluke kakhulu esithombeni sazo somphakathi esicwebezelayo. Nakuba lezi zindawo ezikhangayo zithembisa imfundo nokuzijabulisa, zivame ukuba nezindleko ezinkulu ezilwaneni ezivalelwe ngaphakathi. Kusukela kuma-orcas abhukuda imibuthano engapheli emathangini angenalutho kuya kumahlengethwa enza amaqhinga angavamile okuhalalisela, ukuthunjwa kuphuca izidalwa zasolwandle inkululeko yazo, isithunzi, kanye nokuziphatha kwemvelo. Lesi sihloko sihlola izinkinga zokuziphatha, imiphumela yemvelo, kanye nomonakalo ongokwengqondo wokubamba izilwane zasolwandle ukuze kujabulise abantu—ukwembula imboni eyakhelwe ekuxhashazweni kunokulondolozwa kwemvelo

Ukuzingela izilwane zasendle ngokungemthetho kumi njengesici esimnyama ebuhlotsheni besintu nomhlaba wemvelo. Kumelela ukukhashelwa okuphelele kwezidalwa ezinhle ezihlanganyela iplanethi yethu. Njengoba inani lezinhlobo ezahlukene lincipha ngenxa yobugovu obungapheli babazingeli abazingeli, ibhalansi ebucayi yezindawo zemvelo iyaphazamiseka, futhi ikusasa lezinto eziphilayo liyaphazamiseka. Le ndatshana igxila ekujuleni kokuzingela izilwane zasendle ngokungemthetho, ihlola izimbangela zayo, imiphumela, kanye nesidingo esiphuthumayo sesenzo esihlangene sokulwa nalolu bugebengu obubi obubhekiswe emvelweni. Inhlekelele Yokuzingela Ngokungemthetho Ukuzingela ngokungemthetho, ukuzingela ngokungemthetho, ukubulala, noma ukubamba izilwane zasendle, kube yinkinga enkulu ezilwaneni zasendle amakhulu eminyaka. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuqhutshwa yisidingo semiklomelo engavamile, imithi yendabuko, noma imikhiqizo yezilwane enenzuzo, abazingeli abazingeli babonisa ukunganaki ukubaluleka kokuphila kanye nezindima zemvelo ezifezwa yilezi zidalwa. Izindlovu zibulawa ngenxa yamazinyo azo endlovu, obhejane bazingelwa izimpondo zabo, kanye namahlosi aqondiswe …

Ukudoba kuvame ukubhekwa njengento yokuzilibazisa enokuthula noma umthombo obalulekile wokudla, kodwa umthelela wako enhlalakahleni yasolwandle ulandisa indaba ehlukile. Kokubili imikhuba yokudoba yokuzijabulisa neyezentengiselwano ibeka izinhlanzi nezinye izilwane zasemanzini ekucindezelekeni okukhulu, ekulimaleni nasekuhluphekeni. Kusukela ekuhlukunyezweni okufihliwe kwezindlela zokubamba nokukhulula kuya ekubhujisweni okukhulu okubangelwa ukudoba ngamanetha, le misebenzi ayilimazi nje kuphela izinhlobo eziqondiwe kodwa nezinye ezingenakubalwa ngokubamba ngengozi kanye nemishini elahliwe. Lesi sihloko siveza ukukhathazeka kokuziphatha okuhlobene nokudoba ngenkathi siqokomisa ezinye izindlela zobuntu ezivikela impilo yasolwandle futhi zikhuthaze ukuhlala ndawonye nemvelo

Bheka ngemuva kobuso obukhazimulayo bezindawo zoo, amasekisi, namapaki olwandle ukuze wembule iqiniso elibuhlungu izilwane eziningi ezibhekene nalo egameni lokuzijabulisa. Nakuba lezi zindawo ezikhangayo zivame ukudayiswa njengezinto zemfundo noma okuhlangenwe nakho okunobungane nomndeni, zifihla iqiniso elikhathazayo—ukuthunjwa, ukucindezeleka, kanye nokuxhashazwa. Kusukela ezindaweni ezivinjiwe kuya emikhubeni yokuqeqesha enzima kanye nenhlalakahle yengqondo esengozini, izilwane ezingenakubalwa zibekezelela izimo ezikude kakhulu nezindawo zazo zemvelo zokuhlala. Lokhu kuhlola kukhanyisa ukukhathazeka kokuziphatha okuzungezile lezi zimboni ngenkathi kuqokonyiswa ezinye izindlela zobuntu ezihlonipha inhlalakahle yezilwane futhi zikhuthaze ukuhlala ndawonye ngenhlonipho nangozwela

Amahlengethwa nemikhomo kuye kwaheha isintu amakhulu eminyaka, kodwa ukuthunjwa kwawo ngenxa yokuzijabulisa nokudla kuvusa impikiswano ejulile yokuziphatha. Kusukela emibukisweni ehleliwe emapaki olwandle kuya ekusetshenzisweni kwawo njengezibiliboco emasikweni athile, ukuxhashazwa kwalezi zilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle ezihlakaniphile kuphakamisa imibuzo mayelana nenhlalakahle yezilwane, ukulondolozwa, kanye namasiko. Lesi sihloko sihlola amaqiniso anzima ngemuva kwemidlalo kanye nemikhuba yokuzingela, sikhanyisa imiphumela engokomzimba neyengqondo ngenkathi sihlola ukuthi ukuthunjwa kuyasiza ngempela yini imfundo noma ukulondolozwa—noma kumane kuqhubekisela phambili ukulimala kwalezi zidalwa ezinemizwa

Ngaphansi kwamagagasi, kunengozi engabonakali edala umonakalo ezindaweni zemvelo zasolwandle—ukudoba izipoki. Amanetha alahliwe kanye nemishini yokudoba kudlula olwandle buthule, kubamba futhi kubulale izimfudu zasolwandle, amahlengethwa, imikhomo, kanye nezinye izidalwa zasolwandle ezingenakubalwa. Lokhu kubhujiswa okuqhubekayo akugcini nje ngokubeka engcupheni izinhlobo ezithile kodwa futhi kulimaza yonke indawo zemvelo. Njengoba la “manetha ezipoki” eqhubeka nohambo lwawo olubulalayo, aqokomisa isidingo esiphuthumayo sesenzo sokuvikela ulwandle lwethu nokulondoloza ukuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo. Hlola umthelela omubi wokudoba izipoki futhi ufunde ukuthi imizamo ehlangene ingasiza kanjani ekuvikeleni impilo yasolwandle ezizukulwaneni ezizayo