I-Animal Sentience - Humane Foundation

Imizwa yezilwane ukuqaphela ukuthi izilwane azizona nje imishini yezinto eziphilayo, kodwa izidalwa eziphilayo ezikwazi ukuba nokuhlangenwe nakho okuzimele—ukuzwa injabulo, ukwesaba, ubuhlungu, injabulo, ilukuluku, ngisho nothando. Kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane, isayensi iyaqhubeka nokuthola ubufakazi bokuthi izilwane eziningi zinamakhono ayinkimbinkimbi ngokomzwelo nangokwengqondo: izingulube zibonisa amakhono okudlala nokuxazulula izinkinga, izinkukhu zakha izibopho zomphakathi futhi zixhumana ngemisindo engaphezu kuka-20 ehlukile, kanti izinkomo zikhumbula ubuso futhi zibonise izimpawu zokukhathazeka lapho zihlukaniswe namaphuphu azo. Lokhu okutholiwe kuphonsela inselelo imibono emide mayelana nemingcele yemizwa phakathi kwabantu nezinye izinhlobo.
Naphezu kwalolu lwazi olukhulayo, umphakathi usasebenza ngezinhlaka ezinganaki noma ezinciphisa imizwa yezilwane. Izinhlelo zokulima zezimboni, izivivinyo zelebhu, kanye nezinhlobo zokuzijabulisa zivame ukuthembela ekwenqatshweni kokuqaphela izilwane ukuze kuthethelelwe imikhuba elimazayo. Lapho izilwane zibhekwa njengezinto ezingazweli, ukuhlupheka kwazo kuba okungabonakali, okuvamile, futhi ekugcineni kwamukelwe njengokudingekile. Lokhu kusulwa akukhona nje ukwehluleka kokuziphatha—kuwukuhlanekezelwa okuyisisekelo komhlaba wemvelo.
Kulesi sigaba, simenywa ukuba sibone izilwane ngendlela ehlukile: hhayi njengezinsiza, kodwa njengabantu abanezimpilo zangaphakathi ezibalulekile. Ukuqaphela ukuzwela kusho ukubhekana nemiphumela yokuziphatha yendlela esiphatha ngayo izilwane ekukhetheni kwethu kwansuku zonke—kusukela ekudleni esikudlayo kuya emikhiqizweni esiyithengayo, isayensi esiyisekelayo, kanye nemithetho esiyibekezelelayo. Kuyisimemo sokwandisa umbuthano wethu wozwela, ukuhlonipha amaqiniso angokomzwelo ezinye izidalwa, kanye nokwakha kabusha izinhlelo ezakhiwe ngokunganaki zibe yizo ezisekelwe ozwelweni nasenhloniphoni.

Ukulima kwasefektri sekuyinto evamile, kuguqula indlela abantu abasebenzisana ngayo nezilwane futhi kwakha ubudlelwano bethu nazo ngezindlela ezijulile. Le ndlela yokukhiqiza inyama ngobuningi, ubisi, namaqanda ibeka phambili ukusebenza kahle kanye nenzuzo kunenhlalakahle yezilwane. Njengoba amapulazi asefektri ekhula futhi ethuthuka kakhulu, adala ukungezwani okukhulu phakathi kwabantu nezilwane esizidlayo. Ngokunciphisa izilwane zibe yimikhiqizo nje, ukulima kwasefektri kuphazamisa ukuqonda kwethu izilwane njengezidalwa ezinengqondo ezifanelwe inhlonipho nozwelo. Lesi sihloko sihlola indlela ukulima kwasefektri okuthinta ngayo kabi ukuxhumana kwethu nezilwane kanye nemiphumela ebanzi yokuziphatha yalo mkhuba. Ukwehlisa Izilwane Enhliziyweni yokulima kwasefektri kukhona ukwehlisa isithunzi sezilwane. Kulezi zenzo zezimboni, izilwane ziphathwa njengezimpahla nje, ngaphandle kokunaka izidingo zazo noma okuhlangenwe nakho kwazo. Ngokuvamile zigcinwa ezindaweni ezincane, ezigcwele kakhulu, lapho zinqatshelwa khona inkululeko yoku …

Onogwaja ngokuvamile bayizilwane eziphilile, ezisebenzayo, nezinobungane, kodwa njenganoma yisiphi isilwane esifuywayo, bangagula. Njengezilwane ezidla inyama, bavame ukufihla ubuhlungu nokungakhululeki kwabo, okwenza kube nzima kubanikazi ukubona ukugula kusenesikhathi. Ukwazi izimpawu eziyisixwayiso zokugula konogwaja kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni inhlalakahle yesilwane sakho. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola izimpawu ezimangalisayo okufanele uziqaphele, ezingakusiza ukuthi ubambe izinkinga zempilo ngaphambi kokuba zibe zimbi kakhulu. Onogwaja ngempela bayizidalwa ezivamile, futhi ngisho nokuphambuka okuncane ekuziphatheni kwabo okuvamile kungaba uphawu olubalulekile lwezinkinga zempilo ezingaba khona. Njengoba onogwaja bevame ukufihla ukungakhululeki kwabo noma ukugula ngenxa yemvelo yabo yemvelo njengezilwane ezidla inyama, kubalulekile ukunaka izinguquko ezincane. Uma unogwaja wakho "eziphatha kabi" nganoma iyiphi indlela—kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ushintsho emikhubeni yokudla, ekuziphatheni, noma ekubukekeni komzimba—kungaba uphawu lokuthi okuthile…

Izindawo zokuxhela ziyizindawo lapho izilwane zicutshungulwa khona ukuze kutholakale inyama neminye imikhiqizo yezilwane. Nakuba abantu abaningi bengazi ngezinqubo ezinemininingwane nezobuchwepheshe ezenzeka kulezi zikhungo, kunezimo ezibuhlungu ezingemuva kwezigcawu ezithinta kakhulu izilwane ezihilelekile. Ngaphandle komonakalo ongokomzimba, okusobala, izilwane ezisemasangweni nazo zithola ukucindezeleka okukhulu ngokomzwelo nangokwengqondo, okuvame ukunganakwa. Lesi sihloko sihlola umonakalo ongokomzwelo nongokwengqondo ezilwaneni ezisemasangweni, sihlola ukuthi ukuziphatha kwazo kanye nezimo zengqondo kuthinteka kanjani kanye nemiphumela ebanzi enhlalakahleni yezilwane. Izimo Ezingaphakathi Kwezindawo Zokuxhela kanye Nomphumela Wazo Enhlalakahleni Yezilwane Izimo ezingaphakathi kwezindawo zokuxhela zivame ukuba zimbi futhi zingabonisi ubuntu, zibeka izilwane ochungechungeni lwezehlakalo ezimbi eziqala isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba zife ekugcineni. Lezi zindawo, ezenzelwe ngokuyinhloko ukusebenza kahle kanye nenzuzo, ziyaphithizela, zinzima, futhi azibonisi ubuntu, zidala indawo eyesabekayo yezilwane. Ukuvalelwa Emzimbeni Nokunyakaza Okulinganiselwe …

Isikhathi eside kakhulu, inganekwane yokuthi izinhlanzi azikwazi ukuzwa ubuhlungu iye yathethelela unya olusakazekile ekudobeni nasekufuyweni kwezinhlanzi. Kodwa-ke, ubufakazi besayensi obukhulayo buveza iqiniso elihluke kakhulu: izinhlanzi zinezakhiwo zezinzwa kanye nezimpendulo zokuziphatha ezidingekayo ukuze zibhekane nobuhlungu, ukwesaba, kanye nokucindezeleka. Kusukela emikhubeni yokudoba yezentengiselwano ebangela ukuhlupheka isikhathi eside kuya ezinhlelweni zokufuya izilwane ezigcwele ukucindezeleka nezifo, izigidigidi zezinhlanzi zibhekana nokulimala okungenakucatshangwa minyaka yonke. Lesi sihloko sigxila kwisayensi engemuva kokuqonda izinhlanzi, sidalula ukwehluleka kokuziphatha kwalezi zimboni, futhi sisiphonsela inselelo yokuthi sicabange kabusha ngobuhlobo bethu nokuphila kwasemanzini—sikhuthaza izinqumo zozwela ezibeka phambili inhlalakahle yezilwane kunokuxhashazwa

Izingulube sezilokhu zihlotshaniswa nempilo yasepulazini, ngokuvamile zibhekwa njengezilwane ezingcolile nezingenangqondo. Kodwa-ke, izifundo zakamuva ziphonsela inselelo lo mbono, zisikisela ukuthi izingulube zingase zibe zihlakaniphe kakhulu kunalokho esasikucabanga. Eqinisweni, izingulube zibonisa amakhono okuqonda afana nalawo ezinye izilwane ezincane. Lesi sihloko sihlola umhlaba wokuqonda izingulube, sihlola ubufakazi obuveza izingulube njengezidalwa ezihlakaniphe kakhulu ezikwazi ukuziphatha okuyinkimbinkimbi nokuxazulula izinkinga. Ingabe izingulube zihlakaniphile? Impela, izingulube ziyizilwane ezihlakaniphile ngempela! Amashumi eminyaka ocwaningo nokubuka ahlinzeke ubufakazi obuqinile bamakhono azo okuqonda amangalisayo. Izingulube aziyinkimbinkimbi ngokomzwelo kuphela kodwa futhi ziyakwazi ukuzwa imizwa ehlukahlukene efana neyabantu, okuhlanganisa injabulo, injabulo, ukwesaba, nokukhathazeka. Amandla azo okwakha izinkumbulo ayamangalisa, futhi zingagcina ulwazi olubalulekile isikhathi eside. Leli khono lokukhumbula lidlala indima ebalulekile ekuxazululeni izinkinga zazo nasekuzivumelaniseni nezimo. Emphakathini, izingulube zibonisa ukuthi zithuthukile …

Ukulima kwasefektri kubusa ukukhiqizwa kokudla emhlabeni wonke, kodwa akunaki ngokuhlelekile ukuzwela kwezilwane—izidalwa ezikwazi ukuba nemizwa, ubuhlungu, kanye nobudlelwano bomphakathi. Izingulube ezixazulula izinkinga, izinkomo ezikhalela amathole azo, kanye nezinkukhu ezibonisa ukubona kusengaphambili zincishiswa zibe yizimpahla embonini ephawulwe ukuminyana ngokweqile, ukunqunywa ngaphandle kokubulala izinzwa, kanye nemikhuba yokuhlatshwa ecindezelayo. Lokhu kuqondiswa kokuziphatha kuqhubela phambili ukuhlupheka okukhulu ngenkathi kuphakamisa imibuzo ejulile yokuziphatha mayelana nokuphathwa kwesintu impilo yokuzwela. Ngokuqaphela ukuzwela kwezilwane nokwamukela ezinye izindlela ezifana nokudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni noma inyama etshaliwe, singayiphonsela inselelo le ndlela yokuxhaphaza futhi sikhuthaze indlela enobuntu kakhulu yokukhiqizwa kokudla

Ukulima efektri, uhlelo olwenzelwe ukusebenza kahle kakhulu, luguqule ukufuywa kwezingulube kwaba inqubo evame ukunganaki inhlalakahle yezilwane. Ngemuva kweminyango evaliwe yale misebenzi kulele iqiniso elibuhlungu lonya nokuhlupheka. Izingulube, izilwane ezihlakaniphe kakhulu nezenhlalo, zibhekana nemikhuba engenabuntu ebeka phambili inzuzo kunenhlalakahle yazo. Lapha, siveza ezinye zezimo ezishaqisayo kanye nokwelashwa izingulube ezifuywayo ezibhekana nakho emapulazini efektri. Ukuvalelwa Okuxineneyo: Impilo Yokungakwazi Ukunyakaza Nokuhlupheka Esinye sezici eziphazamisa kakhulu zokulima izingulube ukuvalelwa kwezingulube, noma izingulube ezizalelayo, emabhokisini okukhulelwa—izindawo ezincane zensimbi ezibonisa ukusebenza kahle kokulima efektri. Lawa mabhokisi makhulu kancane kunezingulube ngokwazo, ngokuvamile alinganiselwa kumamitha amabili ububanzi namamitha angu-7 ubude, okwenza kube nzima ngokomzimba ukuthi izilwane ziphenduke, zelule, noma zilale phansi ngokunethezeka. Izingulube zichitha cishe impilo yazo yonke …

Ukudoba kuvame ukubhekwa njengento yokuzilibazisa enokuthula noma umthombo obalulekile wokudla, kodwa umthelela wako enhlalakahleni yasolwandle ulandisa indaba ehlukile. Kokubili imikhuba yokudoba yokuzijabulisa neyezentengiselwano ibeka izinhlanzi nezinye izilwane zasemanzini ekucindezelekeni okukhulu, ekulimaleni nasekuhluphekeni. Kusukela ekuhlukunyezweni okufihliwe kwezindlela zokubamba nokukhulula kuya ekubhujisweni okukhulu okubangelwa ukudoba ngamanetha, le misebenzi ayilimazi nje kuphela izinhlobo eziqondiwe kodwa nezinye ezingenakubalwa ngokubamba ngengozi kanye nemishini elahliwe. Lesi sihloko siveza ukukhathazeka kokuziphatha okuhlobene nokudoba ngenkathi siqokomisa ezinye izindlela zobuntu ezivikela impilo yasolwandle futhi zikhuthaze ukuhlala ndawonye nemvelo

Izinhlanzi ziyizidalwa ezizwayo ezikwazi ukuzwa ubuhlungu, iqiniso eliqinisekiswa ngokwengeziwe ubufakazi besayensi obususa izinkolelo eziphelelwe yisikhathi. Naphezu kwalokhu, izimboni zezinhlanzi zasolwandle kanye nezindawo zokudla zasolwandle zivame ukunganaki ukuhlupheka kwazo. Kusukela emapulazini ezinhlanzi aminyene kuya ezindleleni zokuhlaba ngonya, izinhlanzi ezingenakubalwa zibhekana nokucindezeleka okukhulu kanye nokulimala empilweni yazo yonke. Lesi sihloko sembula amaqiniso ngemuva kokukhiqizwa kokudla kwasolwandle—sihlola isayensi yokuqonda ubuhlungu bezinhlanzi, izinselele zokuziphatha zemikhuba yokulima ejulile, kanye nemiphumela yemvelo ehlobene nalezi zimboni. Simema abafundi ukuthi bacabange kabusha ukukhetha kwabo futhi bakhuthaze izindlela ezinobuntu nezisimeme zokuphila kwasemanzini

Izigidi zezidalwa zasolwandle zibhajwe emjikelezweni wokuhlupheka embonini yezolimo zasemanzini ekhulayo, lapho izimo ezixinene kakhulu kanye nokunganakwa kubeka inhlalakahle yazo engcupheni. Njengoba isidingo sokudla kwasolwandle sikhula, izindleko ezifihliwe—izinkinga zokuziphatha, ukuwohloka kwemvelo, kanye nemiphumela yomphakathi—ziya ngokuya zibonakala. Lesi sihloko siveza amaqiniso anzima abhekene nokuphila kwasolwandle okufuywayo, kusukela ezindabeni zempilo yomzimba kuya ekucindezelekeni kwengqondo, kuyilapho sibiza ushintsho olunenjongo ukuze kudalwe ikusasa elinobuntu neliqhubekayo lokufuya izilwane zasemanzini