Izilwane
Ukudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni kuyawathandeka kakhulu ngoba kunciphisa ukuhlupheka kwezilwane.
Ukuthatha ukudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni akukhona nje ngendaba yezempilo yomuntu noma umthwalo wemfanelo wemvelo—kuyisenzo esinamandla sobubele. Ngokwenza lokhu, sime ngokumelene nokuhlupheka okubanzi kwezilwane ezisetshenziswayo nezihluphekayo ezinhlelweni zokulima zezimo zethu zanamuhla.
Emhlabeni wonke, ezindaweni ezinkulu ezivame ukubizwa ngokuthi “factory farms,” izilwane ezinemizwa ejulile nobuntu obuhlukile ziguqulwa zibe impahla nje. Lezi zidalwa ezizwayo—ezikwazi ukujabula, ukwesaba, ubuhlungu, nothando [1]—zinqatshwa amalungelo azo ayisisekelo. Zibhekwa njengamayunithi okukhiqiza, zibalelwa kuphela inyama, ubisi, noma amaqanda ezikhiqizayo, kunokuba kuqashelwe impilo yazo eyimvelo.
Imithetho yakudala kanye nezindinganiso zemboni ziyaqhubeka nokusekela izinhlelo ezinganaki isimo sengqondo kanye nokuphila kahle kwalezi zilwane. Kulezi zindawo, ububele alukho, futhi ukuhlupheka kuyajwayelekile. Ukuziphatha kwemvelo kanye nezidingo zezinkomo, izingulube, izinkukhu, nezinye ezingenakubalwa zivinjwa ngendlela ehlelekile, zonke egameni lokusebenza kahle nenzuzo.
Kodwa sonke isilwane, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi singeyesilobo luni, sinesithunzi sokuphila impilo engenakuthukwa—impilo lapho sithandwa futhi sinakekelwa, kungabiwe sisetshenziswa. Ngezigidigidi zezilwane ezikhuliswa futhi zibulawe minyaka yonke ukuze zidle, le lokhu kuhlala kube umuzwa okude—owokuthi awukwazi ukwenziwa ngaphandle koshintsho olukhulu endleleni esibabheka ngayo futhi sibaphatha ngayo.
Ngokukhetha okusekelwe ezitshalweni, sinqaba umqondo wokuthi izilwane ziwumnikelo wethu ukuzisebenzisa. Siqinisekisa ukuthi izimpilo zabo zibalulekile—hhayi ngenxa yalokho abakwazi ukusikhipha, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi bona banjani. Kuyinhlangano elula kodwa ejulile: kusukela ekubuseni kuya kububele, kusukela ekusetshenzisweni kuya ekubambiswaneni.
Ukwenza lokhu lokhethwa kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile esiya emhlabeni ongemthetho, ongenabubele kubo bonke abaphilayo.
Izilwane Ezingu-200.
Yilokho okuphila umuntu oyedwa akwazi ukukhulula minyaka yonke ngokudla imifino.
Abadlali beVegan Benza Umehluko.
Abantu abadla izitshalo bazenza ziyahluka. Yonke indlu yokudla esekelwe ezitshalweni inciphisa isidingo sezilwane ezifuywe amapulazi futhi isindisa izimpilo eziningi minyaka yonke. Ngokukhetha ukuzwela, abantu abadla izitshalo basiza ukwakha umhlaba onobubele lapho izilwane zingaphila khona zingaphili ekuphethweleni nasekusesabeni.
Izilwane azikho nje izinsiza ze ukufuya ezimbonini noma ukusetshenziswa kwabantu—bona izidalwa ezizwayo ezinokuzwa, izidingo, nenani elizimele ekusebenziseni kwazo kwabanye. Ngokuvuma ubunikazi bazo nokukhuthaza amalungelo ezilwane kanye ukuphila ngobubele, sithatha isinyathelo sokwakha umhlaba onobulungisa nok umhlaba ongapheli.
Izilwane Ziyizinhlaka
Abane nenani elizimele lokusizakala kwabo kwabanye.
Ukudla Ngokucabangela
Kungani Izinketho Ezisekelwe Esitshalweni Zibalulekile
Zonke izilwane zifanele ububele kanye nempilo enhle, kodwa izigidi zezilwane ezilinywayo zisabhekana nokuhlupheka ngaphansi kwezindlela zokulima eziseduze nezindala. Ukukhetha ukudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni akugcini nje ngokunciphisa isidingo semikhiqizo yezilwane kodwa futhi kusekela ukudla ngokucabangela, ukukhetha okungenakwenziwa ngokubi, kanye nohlelo lokudla oluzinzile.
Ukudla nokunakekelwa okunganele
Izilwane eziningi ezifuywayo zidla ukudla okungahlangabezani nezidingo zabo zokudla ngokwemvelo, okuvame ukwakhiwa kuphela ukuze kwandiswe ukukhula noma ukukhiqizwa hhayi impilo. Kuhambisana nezimo zokuphila ezimbi kanye nokunakekelwa okuncane kwezempilo yezilwane, lokhu kunakwa okunganaki kuholela ekuguleni, ekungondleleni, nasekusweleni.
Izindlela zokubulala ezingenakwenziwa muntu
Inqubo yokubulala izilwane ivamise ukwenziwa ngokushesha futhi ingenziwa ngaphandle kwezinyathelo ezanele zokunciphisa ubuhlungu noma ukucindezeleka. Ngenxa yalokho, izilwane eziningi ziba nokwesaba, ubuhlungu, nokuhlupheka isikhathi eside ezikhathini zazo zokugcina, zihluphekile ngesithunzi nangangqondo.
Ukuphila ezimweni ezingezona ezemvelo nezivalekile
Izigidi zezilwane eziphakelwe ukudla zihlupheka impilo ezindaweni eziminyene, ezincishiswano lapho zingakwazi ukuveza ukuziphatha kwemvelo njengokuhamba, ukudla, noma ukuxhumana. Lokhu kuvalelwa isikhathi eside kubangela ukucindezeleka okukhulu ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo, okuyekethisa kakhulu inkoliso yabo.
Kwabantu abaningi, ukudla izilwane kuwumkhuba ophuzelwe ezizukulwaneni kunokuba kube yisinqumo esihleliwe. Ngokukhetha ukuzwela, ungamukela izilwane ngaphakathi kwendilingana yakho yobubele futhi usize ukukhuthaza umhlaba onokuzwela.
Umuntu
Ukudla okususelwa ezitshalweni kunempilo engcono ngoba kunothile ngama-nutrients wemvelo.
Izilwane akuzona sezulwane kuphela ezizokubonga ngokudla ukudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni. Umzimba wakho cishe uzoveza ukubonga kwawo futhi. Ukwamukela ukudla okunamandla okuphelele, okusekelwe ezitshalweni kunikeza in abundance yezakhi ezidingekayo—amavithamini, amaminerali, i-fiber, nama-antioxidants—okweseka impilo enhle. Ngokungafani nemikhiqizo eminingi ephuma ezilwaneni, ukudla kwezitshalo ngokwemvelo kuphansi kuma-saturated fats kanye ne-cholesterol, okusiza ukunciphisa ingozi yezifo ezingapheli.
Ucwaningo oluningi lwesayensi lubonise ukuthi ukudla okugxile ezithelweni, imifino, okusanhlamvu okuphelele, imifino, amandongla, kanye nembewu kungathuthukisa kakhulu impilo yenhliziyo[3] , usize ekulawuleni isisindo[4] , lawula amazinga kashukela egazini[5] , futhi wehlise amathuba wokuba nezimo ezinjengoshukela, ezinye izinhlobo zomhlaza[6], nokukhuluphala. Ngaphandle kokuqeda izifo, ukudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni nakho kukhuthaza ukugaya okungcono[7], kunciphise ukuvuvukala[8], futhi kuqinise amasosha omzimba[9].
Ukukhetha ukudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni akukhona nje isinqumo esinokuzwela ezilwaneni nasemvelweni kodwa futhi kuyindlela enamandla yokondla umzimba wakho nokuthuthukisa impilo yakho yonke.
Umhlaba
Ukudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni kuhlanzekile ngoba kwehlisa umthelela emvelweni.
Ukushintsha ekudleni okususelwa ezitshalweni kunganciphisa umkhondo wakho wekhabhoni ngaphezu kuka-50% [10]. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukukhiqiza ukudla okususelwa ezitshalweni kukhipha umoya ohlaza okuncane kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nenyama nobisi. Ukulima kwezilwane kubangela ukufudumala komhlaba okulingana cishe nokuhamba kwazo zonke izithuthi zomhlaba’s. Umnikelo omkhulu i-methane—igesi ekhiqizwa yizinkomo nezimvu—eyenza amandla angu-25 ngaphezu kwe-carbon dioxide (CO₂)[11].
Ngaphezu kuka-37% womhlaba’s onendawo yokuhlala isetshenziselwa ukukhulisa izilwane zokudla[12]. E-Amazon, cishe u-80% womhlaba owasuswa izihlahla ususiwe ukuze kuhlonywe izinkomo[13]. Lolu shintsho lokusetshenziswa komhlaba luthinta kakhulu ukuwohloka kwemvelo, okuyimbangela eyodwa enkulu yokuphela kwezilwane zasendle. Eminyakeni engu-50 edlule, siphuthelwe’ve u-60% wezinhlobonhlobo zezilwane emhlabeni, okungenxa yokwanda kokulima izilwane ezimbonini.
Izindleko zemvelo doesn’t azimisi ngomhlaba. Ukulima kwezilwane kudla cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwesithathu wamanzi amasha planet’s freshwater supply[14]. Isibonelo, ukukhiqiza i-1 kilogram yenyama yenkukhu kudinga ngaphezu kwama-15,000 amalitha amanzi, kuyilapho izindlela eziningi ezisekelwe ezitshalweni zisebenzisa ingxenye encane yalokho. Ngasikhathi sinye, abantu abangaphezu kuka-1 ibhiliyoni balwela ukufinyelela amanzi ahlanzekile—okugqamisa isidingo esiphuthumayo sokuhlela ukudla okusimeme.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, cishe i-33% yezitshalo zomhlaba isetshenziselwa ukudla izilwane zasemaphandleni, hhayi abantu[15]. Lezi zitshalo zingadla abantu abayizigidi ezingu-3 emhlabeni wonke. Ngokukhetha ukudla okususelwa ezitshalweni, asinciphisi nje umonakalo wemvelo kodwa siphinde siye phambili ekusunguleni ikusasa lapho umhlaba, amanzi, nokudla kusetshenziswa ngokulinganayo nangokuphumelelayo—kokubili abantu nomhlaba.
Ukufuywa Kwezilwane Kuyithinta Kanjani Imvelo
Ezolimo zezilwane zikhonjwa yiNhlangano Yezizwe njengenye yabahlinzeki abakhulu kakhulu bezinkinga zemvelo ezinkulu, kuhlanganise:
Ukulahleka Kwezinhlobonhlobo Zezinto Eziphilayo [16]
Ezolimo zezilwane zishayela ukuguqulwa kwamahlathi, izingwenya, nezinkundla zamanzi kube izindawo zokudlisa izilwane kanye nensimu yezitshalo zombewu olulodwa. Lokhu kubhujiswa kwezindawo zokuhlala zemvelo kuholela ekwehleni okukhulu kwezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo nezilwane, okuphazamisa izimo zemvelo ezibucayi nokunciphisa izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni jikelele.
Ukushabalala kwezilwane [18]
Njengoba izindawo zokuhlala zemvelo ziyasulwa ukuze kwenziwe indawo yezilwane nezondla ngazo, izinhlobo eziningi zilahlekelwa amakhaya nazo zondla ngazo. Lokhu kulahlekelwa indawo yokuhlala ngokushesha kungenye yezizathu eziyinhloko zokuqothulwa emhlabeni wonke, kucindezele ukusinda kwezilwane nezitshalo ezisengozini.
Ukubhujiswa kwehlathi elinamatende [20]
Amahlathi emvula afana ne-Amazon asikwa ngesivinini esishesha kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ukuze kuzaliswe izinkomo kanye nokutshalwa kukasoya (inengi lazo elidla imfuyo, hhayi abantu). Lokhu kususwa kwamahlathi akukhuphi nje kuphela umoya omningi we-CO₂ kodwa futhi kubhubhisa nezindawo zemvelo ezicebe kakhulu.
Izindawo ezifile olwandle [22]
Imvula evela emasimini ezilwane—cebe ngenitrojeni neposporasi—ingena emiseleni futhi ekugcineni ingene olwandle, idale izindawo ezinikusi “izindawo ezifile” lapho impilo yasolwandle ingeke iphile. Lezi zindawo zophazamisa izilwandle nezinhlelo zemvelo zasolwandle, zisongela ukuphepha kokudla kanye nokuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo.
Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu [17]
Ukukhulisa izilwane ukuze zidle kuyimithombo emikhulu yamagesi abamba ukushisa—ikakhulukazi imethane evela ezinkomo kanye ne-nitrous oxide evela kumquba kanye nomanyolo. Lokhu kukhishwa kwemichiza kuyinto enamandla kakhulu kune-carbon dioxide, okwenza ezokulima izilwane kube yimbangela enkulu yoshintsho lwemvelo.
Ukushoda kwamanzi ahlanzekile [19]
Ukukhiqiza inyama nobisi kuyisicefe esikhulu samanzi. Kusukela ekulimeni ukudla kwezilwane kuya ekunikezeni amanzi okuphuza imfuyo nokuhlanza amafemu efekthri, ezolimo zezilwane zidla ingxenye enkulu yamanzi ahlanzekile emhlabeni—ngenkathi abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyinkulungwane bengakabi nethuba lokuthola amanzi ahlanzekile.
Ukulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala izilwane zasendle [21]
Izindawo zemvelo ezake zasekelayo izilwane eziningi ezahlukene ziguqulwa zibe yindawo yokulima imfuyo noma izitshalo ezifana nesi maisi nesoya. Ngesimo sokuthi azikho ezinye izindawo ziya, izilwane eziningi zasendle zibhekana nokwehla kwenani labantu, ukwanda kokungqubuzana phakathi kwabantu nezilwane zasendle, noma ukushabalala.
Ukungcoliswa komoya, amanzi nenhlabathi [23]
Ukufuywa kwezilwane ngokudla ngokweqile kwenza imfucuza eminingi engcolisa umoya, imithombo yamanzi, amanzi angaphansi komhlaba, nenhlabathi. I-Ammonia, imethane, ama-antibiotics, nama-pathogens akhishwa endaweni ezungezile alimaza impilo yabantu, abhubhise izinsiza zemvelo, futhi kwandisa ukumelana nama-antimicrobial.
Yamukela ukudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni, ngoba umhlaba onempilo, ozinzile, onyakazisa, nonomusa kakhulu ubiza wena.
Ukudla Okusekelwe Ezitshalweni, Ngoba Ikusasa Lidinga Thina.
Umzimba onempilo, iplanethi ehlanzekile, nomhlaba oninso konke kuqala emalaphu wethu. Ukukhetha okusekelwe ezitshalweni kuyisinyathelo esinamandla sokunciphisa umonakalo, ukuphulukisa imvelo, nokuphila ngokuvumelana nokuhlanzeka.
Indlela yokuphila esekelwe ezitshalweni akukhona nje ngokudla - yikhwelo lokuthula, ubulungisa, nokusimama. Yindlela esikhombisa ngayo inhlonipho ekuphileni, emhlabeni, nasezilwaneni ezizayo.
Izinkomba
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethics_of_eating_meat?utm_source=chatgpt.com#Pain
[2] https://animalcharityevaluators.org/research/reports/dietary-impacts/effects-of-diet-choices/
[3] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31387433/
[4] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38729570/
[5] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34113961/
[6] https://www.iarc.who.int/news-events/plant-based-dietary-patterns-and-breast-cancer-risk-in-the-european-prospective-investigation-into-cancer-and-nutrition-epic-study/
[7] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31058160/
[8] https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.118.011367
[9] https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-023-02761-2
[10] https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-40899-2
[11] https://clear.ucdavis.edu/explainers/why-methane-cattle-warms-climate-differently-co2-fossil-fuels
[12] https://ourworldindata.org/global-land-for-agriculture
[13] https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/11/4526
[14] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212371713000024
[15] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2211912416300013
[16] https://openknowledge.fao.org/items/c88d9109-cfe7-429b-8f02-1df1d38ac3eb
[17] https://sentientmedia.org/how-does-livestock-affect-climate-change/
[18] https://www.leap.ox.ac.uk/article/almost-90-of-the-worlds-animal-species-will-lose-some-habitat-to-agriculture-by-2050
[19] https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/22/3955
[20] https://earth.org/how-animal-agriculture-is-accelerating-global-deforestation/
[21] https://www.fao.org/4/a0701e/a0701e05.pdf
[22] https://www.newrootsinstitute.org/articles/factory-farmings-impact-on-the-ocean
[23] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B9780128052471000253
