Esikhathini lapho ukusimama kwemvelo kanye nokucatshangelwa kwezimiso zokuziphatha kuya ngokuya kubaluleke kakhulu, umkhuba wakudala wokukhiqiza uju ubhekene nenguquko eguquguqukayo. Izinyosi, abathumbi bempova abakhuthele abadlala indima ebalulekile ekuphakeleni kwethu kokudla emhlabeni wonke, babhekene nezinselele ezingakaze zibonwe. Kusukela ezenzweni zokuthengisa izinyosi ukuya ekuchayekeni kwezibulala-zinambuzane kanye nokulahlekelwa indawo yokuhlala, lezi zinambuzane ezibalulekile asengozini encane, okuholela ekungalinganini okubalulekile kwemvelo. Ngokushaqisayo, ngo-2016 kuphela, amaphesenti angama-28 ezinyosi e-United States ancipha.
Phakathi nokukhula kokuqwashisa mayelana nemithelela yezemvelo kanye nezimiso zokuziphatha zokukhiqiza uju lwendabuko, ucwaningo olusha luvula indlela yendlela ehlukile: uju olwenziwe elebhu. Le ndlela entsha ayithembisi nje kuphela ukudambisa izingcindezi ezibalweni zezinyosi kodwa iphinde iphinde inikeze enye indlela esimeme nengenalunya esikhundleni soju olujwayelekile.
Kulesi sihloko, singena emkhakheni okhulayo we-vegan honey, sihlola intuthuko yesayensi eyenza kube nokwenzeka ukukhiqiza uju ngaphandle kwezinyosi.
Sihlola ukucatshangelwa kokuziphatha okugqugquzela lokhu kusungulwa, izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezihilelekile ekudaleni uju olusekelwe ezitshalweni, kanye nomthelela ongaba khona emakethe yoju yomhlaba wonke. Hlanganyela nathi njengoba sidalula ukuthi izinkampani ezifana ne-Melibio Inc. zihola kanjani inkokhiso kulokhu kuguquguquka okumnandi, ukwenza uju olunomusa ezinyosini futhi oluzuzisa iplanethi yethu. ### Uju Lwelebhu: Azikho Izinyosi Ezidingekayo
Enkathini lapho ukusimama kwemvelo nokucatshangelwa kwezimiso zokuziphatha kuba okubaluleke kakhulu, inkambiso yakudala yokukhiqiza uju ibhekana noguquko olushintshashintshayo. Izinyosi, izithuthi zempova ezikhuthele ezidlala indima ebalulekile ekuphakeleni kwethu kokudla emhlabeni wonke, zibhekene nezinselelo ezingakaze zibonwe. Kusukela ekufuyweni kwezinyosi wezentengiso kuya ekuchayekeni kwezibulala-zinambuzane kanye nokulahlekelwa indawo yokuhlala, lezi zinambuzane ezibalulekile zisengozini, okuholela ekungalinganini okuphawulekayo kwemvelo. Kuyashaqisa ukuthi, ngo-2016 kuphela, amaphesenti angu-28 ezinyosi e-United States ancipha.
Phakathi nokukhula kokuqwashisa mayelana nemithelela yezemvelo kanye nezimiso zokuziphatha yokukhiqiza uju lwendabuko, ucwaningo olusha luvula indlela yokuthola enye indlela ebaluleke kakhulu: uju olwenziwa elebhu. Le ndlela entsha ayithembisi nje kuphela ukudambisa izingcindezi ezinhlotsheni zezinyosi kodwa futhi inikeza indlela eqhubekayo nengenalo unya olunye uju oluvamile.
Kulesi sihloko, singena emkhakheni okhulayo woju lwe-vegan, sihlola intuthuko yesayensi eyenza kube nokwenzeka ukukhiqiza uju ngaphandle kwezinyosi. ekudaleni uju olusekelwe ezitshalweni, kanye nomthelela ongaba khona emakethe yoju lomhlaba wonke. Joyina nathi njengoba sithola ukuthi izinkampani ezifana ne-Melibio Inc. zihamba phambili kanjani kulokhu kuguquguquka okumnandi, ukwenza uju olunomusa kokubili. ezinyosini futhi kunenzuzo iplanethi yethu.
Izinyosi zidlala indima ebalulekile ekusakazeni impova, okubalulekile ekondleni inani labantu elandayo lomhlaba wonke. Eqinisweni, e-United States iyodwa, ucwaningo lusikisela ukuthi cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yaso sonke isimiso sokutholakala kokudla sincike ezinyosini . Ngeshwa, lo mdlali obalulekile ohlelweni lwethu lokuhlinzeka ngokudla ubebhekene nezinselele ezinzima. Ukufuywa kwezinyosi ezohwebo, ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane kanye nokucekelwa phansi komhlaba kube nomthelela omubi ekubalweni kwezinyosi futhi kwaholela ekuqothulweni kwezinye izinyosi zasendle. Lokhu, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kubangele ukungalingani ohlelweni lwendalo yonke. Ngo-2016, amaphesenti angu-28 ezinyosi aqothulwa e-US kuphela.
Ngokuqwashisa okukhulayo ngemiphumela elimazayo yemvelo yokufuywa kwezinyosi zezentengiselwano, ucwaningo olusha luyavela mayelana nendlela uju olungenziwa ngayo ngaphandle kwezinyosi .
Kungani Uju Lwe-Vegan Lulungele Izinyosi
UStephen Buchmann uyisazi sokuvuthwa kwempova osefunde ukuziphatha kwezinyosi iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-40. Ucwaningo lwakhe luphakamisa ukuthi izinyosi ziyizidalwa ezizwelayo ezingazizwa imizwa eyinkimbinkimbi efana nethemba noma ukukhungatheka, phakathi kwabanye. Lokhu kuholela emibuzweni yokuziphatha mayelana nokufuywa kwabo.
Izinyosi zilinyazwa ngezindlela eziningi ngesikhathi sokufuywa kwezinyosi kanye nokukhiqizwa koju olujwayelekile. Amapulazi asefekthri agcina izinyosi ezimweni ezingezona ezemvelo , futhi zishintshwa ngofuzo . Izinyosi ziphinde zichayeke ezibulala-zinambuzane eziyingozi futhi zithwala kanzima. Bangase bangatholi umsoco owanele, ngenxa yokuntuleka kokufinyelela ezitshalweni eziqhakaza.
Ungakwazi Ukwenza Uju Ngaphandle Kwezinyosi?
Yize amabhrendi ambalwa aqanjwe kabusha aqhamuke nezinto ezithatha uju esikhundleni zisebenzisa izithako ezifana nesiraphu ye-maple, ushukela womoba, ijusi ye-apula noma i-molasses, i-Melibio Inc ithi yenze uju lokuqala olusekelwe ezitshalweni emhlabeni, i-Mellody . Uju lufana nenyama ekhule elebhu, ngomqondo wokuthi izitshalo zemvelo ezikhishwe zifakwa ngezinqubo ze-microbiological elebhu ukuze kukhiqizwe uju. Umkhiqizo wethulwa ngokusemthethweni ngoMashi wonyaka odlule, futhi uyatholakala ngokuthengiswa ezitolo ezithile, kanye naku-inthanethi .
UDkt. Aaron M Schaller, CTO kanye Co-umsunguli we-MeliBio, Inc. unikeza umbono ku-CEO kanye nomsunguli-kanye, u-Darko Mandich. UMandich usebenze cishe iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili embonini yezinyosi, futhi uye wabona ukwehla kwemboni yezinyosi ezithengiswayo - ikakhulukazi umthelela wayo ezixukwini zezinyosi zomdabu.
Ukwenza i-Mellody kwakusho ukwenza ukuqonda okujulile kokuthi uju luyini ngempela, mayelana nokwakheka nezici. Izinyosi ziqoqa umpe ezimbalini futhi zisebenze kuwo ngama-enzyme emathunjini azo. “Izinyosi ziguqula umpe ngokunciphisa izinga le-pH. I-viscosity iyashintsha futhi iba luju,” kuchaza uDkt. Schaller.
Eqenjini lesayensi yokudla ngemuva kukaMellody, kwakumayelana nokuqonda ukuthi yini eyayikulezo zitshalo ezenza uju lukhethekile, nokuqonda amakhemikhali angemuva kwawo.
“Sikhuluma ngezithako ezimbalwa zokwelapha nezinye ezitholakala ojuni, njengama-polyphenols okuyizingxenye ezaziwayo zezitshalo, ushokoledi noma iwayini. Lezi zinhlanganisela zengeza ebunkingeni boju neminye imikhiqizo,” kusho uDkt. Schaller.
Isinyathelo esilandelayo sasihilela ukwakheka nokuhlola okuningi kwisayensi yokudla. Ithimba bekumele lihlonze ukuthi yimaphi ama-ratios alawo makhompiyutha asebenzile, nokuthi yikuphi okungasebenzanga. “Kunezinkulungwane zezithako ongaziqoqa ezitshalweni futhi ufike ezinhlobonhlobo zoju. Impela bekuyiphrojekthi enkulu, ebandakanya ukwakheka okuningi okubandakanya ama-tweaks amancane ezithako ezahlukahlukene, "uDkt. Schaller uyanezela. I-MeliBio okwamanje izama ukudala uju ngokusebenzisa izinqubo zokuvutshelwa, kodwa lokhu kusesigabeni socwaningo nentuthuko.
I-Global Honey Market
Ngokusho kweGrand View Research, inani lemakethe yoju emhlabeni wonke lalingama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-9.01 ngo-2022, futhi kulinganiselwa ukuthi lizokhula ngesilinganiso sonyaka esiyinhlanganisela samaphesenti angu-5.3 kuze kube ngu-2030. Nakuba ingekho imibiko echazwe kahle yokukhanyisa i-vegan noma enye ingxenye yoju emakethe yoju, isidingo singase sikhule ngokuthandwa kwe-veganism emhlabeni wonke .
Ngo-2021, inani eliphelele loju olukhiqizwa e-United States lalilinganiselwa kumakhilogremu ayizigidi ezingu-126, kanti ukusetshenziswa koju okuphelele cishe kwakungamaphawundi ayizigidi ezingu-618. Nakuba uju oluluhlaza lungeniswa kakhulu luvela emazweni afana ne-India, Vietnam ne-Argentina, ingxenye yoju olusetshenziswa e-US kungaba i-vegan noma olunye uju - noma isiraphu kashukela nje.
UDkt. Bruno Xavier, usosayensi wokudla kanye noMqondisi Ohlangene weCornell Food Venture Centre, uCornell AgriTech uthi kunenkomba ecacile yokuthi ingxenye enkulu yoju olusetshenziswayo iwumgunyathi - isiraphu kashukela ethengiswa njengoju. "Uma bekwazi ukunciphisa izindleko, izinhlobo zoju ezitshalweni zinganikeza abantu ukufinyelela uju ngendlela engakhohlisayo," kusho u-Xavier.
Izinselele Zokwenza Uju Olungenazinyosi
Izinselelo zokukhiqiza uju ngemithombo yezitshalo zingaba yinselele; kuncike kakhulu ekutheni umuntu ufuna ukuphinda kangakanani uju oluhlanzekile. Amaphesenti angaphezu kuka-99 oju luyingxube nje kashukela namanzi, futhi lokho kulula ukukulingisa. Kodwa uju lunezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zezakhi ngamanani amancane.
“Lezi zakhi ezincane zibalulekile ezinzuzweni uju lwemvelo olunazo, futhi zihlanganisa izingxenye ezilwa namagciwane nama-enzyme ahluke kakhulu ojuni. Ukwengeza zonke lezo zingxenye uju oluhlanzekile olunazo, kuhlanganise nama-enzyme, kungaba nzima ukukhiqiza kabusha kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe bokwenziwa,” kusho uDkt. Xavier.
Izinselelo zezinye izindlela zoju olusekelwe ezitshalweni zihlanganisa nokwenza umthengi athembe uhlobo, kanye nokubenza bakholwe ukuthi umkhiqizo uyanambitha, uyahogela, futhi unikeza izinzuzo zokudla okunomsoco kanye nezempilo njengoba kwenza uju lwemvelo.
Phela uju wumkhiqizo wokudla osekuphele iminyaka engaphezu kuka-8 000 usetshenziswa ngabantu. "Inselelo ezobhekana nazo ama-honey-alternative brand ukukhombisa abathengi ukuthi umkhiqizo wabo awubeki engcupheni izinzuzo zezempilo ezinikezwa uju," kusho uDkt. Xavier.
UDkt. Schaller wengeza ngokuthi kukhona futhi inselele evamile yokwenza umkhiqizo kusukela ekuqaleni nokudala okuthile okusha ngokuphelele. "Ngempela awukwazi ukulandela ezinyathelweni zomunye umuntu uma ungowokuqala okwenzayo."
Qaphela: Lokhu okuqukethwe bekushicilelwe ekuqaleni ku-SeintMedia.org futhi kungahle kungabonisi imibono yesisekelo Humane Foundation.