Ukunukubezeka komoya kanye nokukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa kuyizingqinamba ezicindezelayo zezemvelo ebezilokhu zinakwa kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva nje. Nakuba abantu abaningi beqaphela imiphumela eyingozi yokukhishwa kwezimboni nezokuthutha, indima yokulima kwezilwane ekufakeni lezi zinkinga ngokuvamile ayinakwa. Ukukhiqizwa kwenyama, ubisi, neminye imikhiqizo yezilwane kunomthelela omkhulu ekungcolisweni komoya kanye nokukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa, okwenza kube umshayeli omkhulu wokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Eqinisweni, ukulima kwezilwane kuye kwalinganiselwa ukuthi kuzokhiqiza amagesi abamba ukushisa ngaphezu kwawo wonke umkhakha wezokuthutha uhlangene. Lokhu kukhishwa kuphuma emithonjeni eyahlukene engaphakathi embonini, okuhlanganisa ukuphathwa komquba, ukukhiqizwa kokuphakelayo, nokuthuthwa kwezilwane nemikhiqizo yezilwane. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola umthelela wezolimo zezilwane ekungcolisweni komoya kanye nokukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa, futhi sihlole izixazululo ezingaba khona zokunciphisa indawo ezungezile. Ngokuqonda ububanzi benkinga nokuthatha izinyathelo eziya ekushintsheni, singasebenzela ikusasa elisimeme nelinempilo leplanethi yethu.
Umthelela wokulima kwezilwane
Ukulima kwezilwane kunomthelela omkhulu ezicini ezihlukahlukene zemvelo yethu, okunomthelela ezindabeni ezibucayi njengokugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukungcoliswa kwamanzi, nokucekelwa phansi kwenhlabathi. Izimfuneko ezinkulu zomhlaba zokukhulisa imfuyo ziholela ekugawulweni kwamahlathi okusakazekile, njengoba izindawo ezinkulu zamahlathi zigawulwa ukuze kuvuleke amadlelo amadlelo noma kutshalwe izitshalo zokudla kwezilwane. Lokhu kugawulwa kwamahlathi akugcini nje ngokucekela phansi izindawo zokuhlala eziyigugu kodwa futhi kunciphisa amandla oMhlaba okuthatha ikhabhoni. Ukwengeza, ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kukamanyolo nomquba kwezolimo zezilwane kunomthelela ekungcolisweni kwamanzi, njengoba lezi zinto zingangcolisa imizimba yamanzi, zidale ukulimala kwemvelo yasemanzini futhi zibe nomthelela empilweni yabantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqhubeka nokudlisa imfuyo kungaholela ekugugulekeni komhlabathi nasekuwohlokeni, kunciphise ukuvunda kwawo futhi kubeke engozini amandla ayo okusekela imisebenzi yezolimo yesikhathi esizayo. Kubalulekile ukuthi sibhekane nemiphumela yemvelo yokulima kwezilwane ukuze siqinisekise ikusasa elisimeme nelinempilo leplanethi yethu.
Ukunciphisa ukungcola ngezinqubo ezizinzile
Ukuze kuncishiswe imiphumela yemvelo yokulima kwezilwane, ukusebenzisa izindlela ezisimeme kubalulekile. Ngokwamukela lezi zinqubo, singakwazi ukunciphisa kakhulu ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni futhi sibe nesandla ekwenzeni iplanethi enempilo. Iqhinga elilodwa elisebenzayo ukuqaliswa kwezinhlelo zokulawulwa kwemfucuza ezithuthukisiwe, njengemishini yokugaya i-anaerobic, engaguqula imfucuza yezilwane ibe i-biogas ukuze kukhiqizwe amandla. Lokhu akusizi nje kuphela ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa kodwa futhi kunikeza umthombo wamandla ovuselelekayo. Ukwengeza, ukuguqukela ekudleni okusekelwe ezitshalweni noma ukufaka ezinye izindlela ezisekelwe ezitshalweni kunganciphisa kakhulu isidingo semikhiqizo yezilwane, ekugcineni kwehle isidingo sokukhiqizwa kwemfuyo emikhulu kanye nokukhishwa kwayo okuhlobene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenzisa izinqubo zezolimo ezivuselelayo, njengokudlisa ngokushintshanisa kanye nokutshala izitshalo ezisibekela, kungasiza ekubuyiseleni nasekuthuthukiseni impilo yenhlabathi, okuholela ekwandeni kokuthathwa kwekhabhoni kanye nokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni. Ngokwamukela izinqubo ezisimeme, singakwazi ukwenza inqubekelaphambili ebalulekile ekwehliseni intuthu ekhishwayo futhi sikhuthaze indlela ebhekele imvelo ekulimaleni kwezilwane.
Isixhumanisi phakathi kwe-methane nezinkomo
I-Methane, igesi ebamba ukushisa enamandla, ixhumene kakhulu nemboni yemfuyo, ikakhulukazi ngezinqubo zokugaya izinkomo. Njengoba izinkomo zigaya ukudla kwazo, zikhiqiza i-methane ngokuvutshelwa kwe-enteric, inqubo engokwemvelo ezimisweni zazo zokugaya eziyinkimbinkimbi. Khona-ke i-methane ikhishwa ngokubhodla kanye ne-flatulence. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi cishe amaphesenti angama-30 okukhishwa kwe-methane emhlabeni wonke kungabangelwa imfuyo, kanti izinkomo yizona ezinomthelela omkhulu. Lokhu kuxhumana phakathi kwe-methane nezinkomo kubangela inselele enkulu ekubhekaneni nokungcoliswa komoya kanye nokukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa kwezolimo kwezilwane. Imizamo yokunciphisa lokhu kukhishwa kwegesi ihlanganisa amasu afana nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuphakelayo kanye nokusebenzisa ukuguqulwa kokudla okunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-methane ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni impilo nempilo yezilwane. Ngokubhekana nokuxhumana phakathi kwe-methane nezinkomo, singathatha izinyathelo ezibalulekile zokunciphisa umthelela wemvelo wokulima kwezilwane kanye nokusebenzela ikusasa elisimeme.
Indima yemithetho kahulumeni
Imithetho kahulumeni idlala indima ebalulekile ekubhekaneni nokungcoliswa komoya kanye nokukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa kwezolimo kwezilwane. Ngokusebenzisa kanye nokuphoqelela izindinganiso eziqinile zezemvelo, ohulumeni bangaqinisekisa ukuthi amapulazi nezinqubo zezolimo ziyahambisana nemikhawulo yokukhipha umoya kanye nezinyathelo zokuvimbela ukungcoliswa komhlaba. Le mithetho ingase ihlanganise izidingo zokuphatha kahle imfucuza yezilwane, ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo, nokwamukelwa kwezinqubo zokulima ezisimeme. Ukwengeza, ama-ejensi kahulumeni anganikeza izikhuthazo nokusekelwa kubalimi ukuthi baguqukele emikhubeni evumelana nemvelo, njengokuhlinzeka ngezibonelelo zokufakwa kwezinhlelo zokuthwebula i-methane noma ukunikeza izinhlelo zokuqeqesha ngamasu okulima esimeme. Ngokuzibandakanya ngenkuthalo ekulawuleni ukulima kwezilwane, ohulumeni bangasiza ekunciphiseni umthelela wako kwezemvelo futhi bafake isandla ekusaseni elihlanzekile nelizinzile.
Ukubaluleka kokukhetha kwabathengi
Abathengi badlala indima ebalulekile ekulolongeni ikusasa lezolimo esimeme kanye nokunciphisa imithelela yemvelo ehambisana nokulima kwezilwane. Izinketho esizenzayo njengabathengi zinamandla okuqhuba ushintsho futhi zikhuthaze izinqubo ezizinzile ngaphakathi kwemboni. Ngokukhetha imikhiqizo ekhiqizwa enomthelela omncane kwezemvelo, njengezinye izindlela ezisekelwe ezitshalweni noma imikhiqizo yezilwane etholakala ngokuqhubekayo, singafaka isandla ngokuqondile ekwehliseni ukungcoliswa komoya kanye nokukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa. Ukwengeza, ukusekela izinqubo zokulima zendawo kanye nemvelo kungasiza ekunciphiseni i-carbon footprint ehambisana nezokuthutha kanye nezindlela zokulima ezisetshenziswa ngamakhemikhali. Ngokwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi neziqaphelayo, abathengi banamandla okukhuthaza ukwamukelwa kwezinqubo ezizinzile nokudala umthelela omuhle endaweni kanye nekusasa lethu ngokuhlanganyela.
Izixazululo zokusebenzisana zokusimama
Ukuze kubhekwane nezinselelo zemvelo ezibangelwa ukulima kwezilwane, kubalulekile ukuthi ababambiqhaza bahlangane futhi basebenzisane ezinsombululweni ezisimeme. Ukusebenzisana kungase kuthathe izindlela ezihlukahlukene, njengokubambisana phakathi kwabalimi, abaholi bezimboni, abenzi bezinqubomgomo, nezinhlangano zezemvelo. Ngokusebenzisana, laba ababambiqhaza bangabelana ngolwazi, ubuchwepheshe, kanye nezinsiza zokuhlonza nokusebenzisa izindlela ezintsha ezinciphisa ukungcoliswa komoya kanye nokukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa. Lokhu kungabandakanya ukuqaliswa kwezinhlelo zokulawula udoti ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, ukwamukelwa kwemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo, kanye nokukhuthazwa kwezinqubo zezolimo ezivuselelayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenzisana kungasiza futhi imizamo yocwaningo nentuthuko yokuthola ubuchwepheshe obusha nezindlela ezithuthukisa ukusimama kwezolimo zezilwane. Ngokukhuthaza isiko lokusebenzisana, singabhekana ngokuhlanganyela imithelela yemvelo ehlobene nale mboni futhi sivule indlela yekusasa elisimeme neliqine kakhudlwana.
Ucwaningo oluqhubekayo namathuba wokusungula izinto ezintsha
Ucwaningo oluqhubekayo namathuba okusungula adlala indima ebalulekile ekwehliseni umthelela wemvelo wokulima kwezilwane. Ngokutshala imali ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni, singathola amasu amasha nobuchwepheshe obukhuthaza ukusimama nokunciphisa ukungcoliswa komoya kanye nokukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa kulo mkhakha. Isibonelo, ucwaningo oluqhubekayo lungagxila ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle kokuphakelayo, ukuthuthukisa enye imithombo yokudla, nokusebenzisa izindlela zokulima ezinembayo. Ukwengeza, izinto ezintsha ezinhlelweni zokulawulwa kwemfucuza, njenge-anaerobic digester noma ubuchwepheshe bokwenza umquba, zingasiza ekuthwebuleni ukukhishwa kwe-methane futhi ziguqule zibe yizinsiza ezibalulekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, intuthuko ekuphehleni amandla avuselelekayo nasekusetshenzisweni kwezindawo zezolimo zezilwane inganciphisa kakhulu ukuthembela emafutheni ezinto ezimbiwa phansi futhi yehlise ukukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa . Ngokusebenzisa amandla ocwaningo oluqhubekayo nokwamukela ukusungulwa, singavula indlela yekusasa elisimeme neliqaphela imvelo kwezolimo zezilwane.
Sengiphetha, umthelela wokulima kwezilwane ekungcolisweni komoya kanye nokukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa akunakushaywa indiva. Kubalulekile ukuthi abantu ngabanye nezimboni bathathe izinyathelo zokunciphisa izinga lekhabhoni yabo kanye nokukhuthaza izinqubo ezisimeme. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungenxa yokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwenyama, ukusebenzisa izindlela zokulima ezingavumelani nemvelo, noma ukutshala imali kwezinye izindawo zamandla, yonke imizamo ibalulekile ekunciphiseni imiphumela eyingozi yokulima kwezilwane endaweni yethu. Kuyisibopho sethu ukuvikela iplanethi yethu ezizukulwaneni ezizayo, futhi ukubhekana nenkinga yokungcoliswa komoya kanye nokukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa kwezolimo kwezilwane kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile esibheke ekusaseni elisimeme.
FAQ
Ukulima kwezilwane kufaka isandla kanjani ekungcolisweni komoya kanye nokukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa?
Ukulima kwezilwane kufaka isandla ekungcolisweni komoya kanye nokukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa ngezinqubo ezihlukahlukene. Enye indlela enkulu iwukukhipha i-methane, igesi ebamba ukushisa enamandla, phakathi nenqubo yokugaya ukudla kwezilwane ezondlayo njengezinkomo. Ukwengeza, ukugcinwa nokuphathwa kwemfucuza yezilwane kukhiqiza amanani amakhulu e-methane nezinye izinto ezingcolisayo. Ukulima kwezilwane nakho kudinga umhlabathi omkhulu, okuholela ekugawulweni kwamahlathi kanye nokukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhiqizwa nokuthuthwa kokuphakela kwezilwane kanye nokucutshungulwa kanye nokuthuthwa kwemikhiqizo yezilwane nakho kunomthelela ekungcolisweni komoya kanye nentuthu ephumayo. Sekukonke, imvelo ejulile yokulima kwezilwane idlala indima enkulu ekufakeni isandla ekungcolisweni komoya kanye nokukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa.
Yimiphi imithombo eyinhloko yokukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa kwezolimo kwezilwane?
Imithombo eyinhloko yokukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa okuvela kwezolimo kwezilwane ukuvutshelwa kwe-enteric (ukukhiqizwa kwe-methane kusuka ekugayweni kokudla), ukuphathwa komquba (ukukhishwa kwe-methane ne-nitrous oxide emqubeni ogciniwe noma ofakwe emqubeni), kanye nokukhiqizwa kokuphakelayo (ukukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide ekushintsheni kokusetshenziswa komhlaba kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamafutha ezinsalela ekukhiqizeni nasekuthutheni ukudla kwezilwane). Lokhu kukhishwa kwegesi kunomthelela ekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu futhi kuwukukhathazeka okubalulekile kwemvelo. Ukushintshela ezinkambisweni ezisimeme futhi ezisebenza kahle kwezolimo zezilwane, njengokwakhiwa kwesiphakeli esithuthukisiwe, ukulawulwa okungcono komquba, nokunciphisa izinombolo zemfuyo, kungasiza ukunciphisa lokhu kukhishwa.
Iyini imithelela yezempilo kanye nemvelo yokunukubezeka komoya kanye nokukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa okuvela kwezolimo zezilwane?
Umthelela wezempilo kanye nemvelo wokunukubezeka komoya kanye nokukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa okuvela kwezolimo kwezilwane kubalulekile. Ukungcoliswa komoya okuvela kwezolimo kwezilwane kubandakanya ukukhishwa kwe-ammonia, i-hydrogen sulfide, ne-particle, engaba nomthelela ezindabeni zokuphefumula nezinye izinkinga zempilo kokubili abantu nezilwane. Ukwengeza, ukukhishwa kwamagesi abamba ukushisa njenge-methane ne-nitrous oxide evela kwezolimo kwezilwane kunomthelela ekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu kanye nokufudumala komhlaba. Lokhu kungaholela ezehlakalweni zesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu, ukukhuphuka kwamazinga olwandle, kanye nokulimala kwemvelo. Sekukonke, ukunciphisa ukungcoliswa komoya kanye nokukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa kwezolimo kwezilwane kubalulekile ekuvikeleni impilo yabantu kanye nokunciphisa ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Yimaphi amanye amasu nobuchwepheshe obungasiza ekunciphiseni ukungcoliswa komoya kanye nokukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa okuvela kwezolimo zezilwane?
Amanye amasu nobuchwepheshe obungasiza ekunciphiseni ukungcoliswa komoya kanye nokukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa kwezolimo kwezilwane kuhlanganisa ukusebenzisa izinhlelo ezifanele zokulawula umquba, njengemishini yokugaya i-anaerobic noma izinsiza zokwenza umquba, ukuze kubanjwe futhi kusetshenziswe igesi ye-methane; ukukhuthaza izithasiselo zokudla ezinciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-methane emfuyweni; ukusebenzisa amasu okuphakela ngokunemba ukuze kuncishiswe imisoco eyeqile ekudleni kwezilwane; ukuqalisa izinhlelo zokungenisa umoya ezithuthukisiwe ezindlini zemfuyo ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-ammonia; kanye nokuhlola eminye imithombo yamaprotheni , njengenyama yezitshalo noma ekhulisiwe, ukuze kuncishiswe wonke umthelela wemvelo wokulima kwezilwane. Ukwengeza, ukushintshela emithonjeni yamandla avuselelekayo ukuze kunikwe amandla ukusebenza kwepulazi nakho kungaba nomthelela ekwehliseni ukukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa.
Ingabe zikhona izinqubomgomo zikahulumeni noma iziqondiso ezikhona zokubhekana nenkinga yokungcoliswa komoya kanye nokukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa kwezolimo kwezilwane?
Yebo, kunezinqubomgomo neziqondiso zikahulumeni ezikhona zokubhekana nenkinga yokungcoliswa komoya kanye nokukhishwa kwamagesi abamba ukushisa kwezolimo kwezilwane. Emazweni amaningi, njenge-United States kanye ne-European Union, ama-ejensi emvelo abeke izindinganiso ezithile kanye nemikhawulo yokukhishwa kwekhabhoni ekusebenzeni kwemfuyo. Le mithethonqubo ihlose ukunciphisa ukungcola komoya, okufana ne-ammonia ne-methane, ngezinyathelo ezinjengokusebenzisa izinqubo zokuphatha umquba, ezidinga ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokulawula ukungcola, kanye nokukhuthaza izindlela zokulima ezisimeme. Ukwengeza, abanye ohulumeni banikeza izikhuthazo kanye noxhaso kubalimi ukuthi basebenzise izinqubo ezihambisana nemvelo futhi batshale emithonjeni yamandla avuselelekayo ukuze banciphise ukukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa.