Ukukhiqizwa kwenyama kanye neminye imikhiqizo yezilwane emapulazini efektri sekuyinkinga ephikisanayo eminyakeni yamuva. Nakuba lezi zikhungo zenzelwe ukukhulisa ukusebenza kahle futhi zihlangabezane nesidingo esikhula njalo semikhiqizo esekelwe ezilwaneni, kunobufakazi obukhulayo obuzixhumanisa nokukhathazeka kwezempilo yomphakathi. Ukuphathwa kabi kwezilwane kulezi zindawo zezimboni kuye kwaphakamisa ukukhathazeka kwezimiso zokuziphatha, kodwa okuvame ukunganakwa umthelela ongaba khona empilweni yomuntu. Kusukela ekusetshenzisweni ngokweqile kwemithi elwa namagciwane kuya ekusakazekeni kwezifo ze-zoonotic, izimo zamapulazi ezimboni zingaba nemiphumela efinyelela kude empilweni yomphakathi. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ukuxhumana phakathi kokuhlukunyezwa kwezilwane kanye nokukhathazeka kwezempilo yomphakathi emapulazini efektri, sihlola ucwaningo futhi sixoxe ngezixazululo ezingase zibe khona kule nkinga eyinkimbinkimbi. Ngokukhanyisela lesi sici esivame ukunganakwa sokulima kwasefekthri, sithemba ukuthi sizoqwashisa abantu futhi sikhuthaze indlela enolwazi nenezimiso zokuziphatha zokukhiqiza izilwane ecabangela kokubili inhlalakahle yezilwane kanye nempilo yabantu.
Umthelela wonya lwezilwane empilweni
Ukuphathwa kwezilwane emapulazini amafekthri kanye nomphumela wonya owenziwe kuzo kunemiphumela efinyelela kude empilweni yomphakathi. Lapho izilwane zingaphansi kwezimo ezinonya, ukuminyana, nendawo engahlanzekile, kwakha indawo yokuzalela yokusakazeka kwezifo. Eziningi zalezi zifo zingatheleleka kubantu ngokuthintana ngqo nezilwane ezinalesi sifo, ngokudla inyama engcolile noma imikhiqizo yobisi, noma ukuchayeka emithonjeni yamanzi engcolile . Ukwengeza, ukucindezeleka nokuhlukumezeka okutholwa izilwane kulezi zimo ezinonya kungalimaza amasosha azo omzimba, kuzenze zibe lula ezifweni. Lokhu akubeki engcupheni impilo yonke yezilwane kuphela kodwa futhi kwandisa amathuba okuba nezifo ze-zoonotic, ezingaba nemiphumela emibi empilweni yabantu.
Ukulima kwasefekthri nokuphepha kokudla
Ngenxa yokukhathazeka okubalulekile kwezempilo yomphakathi okuhambisana nonya kwezilwane emapulazini emboni, kubalulekile ukubhekana nenkinga yokuphepha kokudla. Izindlela zokulima ezisetshenziswa kulezi zikhungo zivame ukubeka phambili ukukhulisa umkhiqizo wokukhiqiza ngaphezu kokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwemikhiqizo yokugcina yokudla. Lokhu kungaholela ekungcolisweni kwenyama, izinkukhu, nemikhiqizo yobisi enamagciwane ayingozi njengeSalmonella, E. coli, neCampylobacter. Izimo ezingahlanzekile kanye nokuntuleka kwezinyathelo ezifanele zokuhlanzeka kunomthelela ekwandeni kwalezi zifo, okubeka ingozi enkulu kubathengi abadla le mikhiqizo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic njengendlela yokuvimbela emapulazini efektri kungaholela ekwakhiweni kwamabhaktheriya amelana nama-antibiotic, okuqhubeka kube nzima nezindaba zokuphepha kokudla. Imithetho eqinile kanye nokuphoqelelwa kwamazinga enhlanzeko kubalulekile ukuze kudambise lokhu kukhathazeka futhi kuvikelwe impilo yomphakathi.
Iqhaza lama-antibiotics ekulimeni
Ukusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotics ekulimeni kudlala indima enkulu ekugcineni impilo nokukhiqiza kwemfuyo. Ama-antibiotics avame ukunikezwa ezilwaneni emapulazini amafekthri ukuvimbela nokwelapha izifo ezingasakazeka ngokushesha ezimweni eziminyene nezingahlanzekile. Le mithi isiza ukulawula izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane futhi ithuthukise inhlalakahle yezilwane iyonke. Nokho, kunokukhathazeka okukhulayo mayelana nokusetshenziswa ngokweqile kanye nokusetshenziswa kabi kwama-antibiotic emisebenzini yokulima. Ukuphathwa okujwayelekile kwemithi elwa namagciwane njengendlela yokuvimbela kungaba nomthelela ekwakhiweni kwamagciwane amelana nama-antibiotic, kube usongo kokubili kwezilwane kanye nempilo yabantu. Kubalulekile kubalimi nezigungu ezilawulayo ukuthi basebenzise izinqubo zokusebenzisa ama-antibiotic ngendlela efanele, okuhlanganisa ukulandela izikhathi zokuhoxiswa kanye nokusebenzisa amanye amasu okuvimbela izifo, ukuze kuncishiswe izingozi ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic ekulimeni.
Imikhuba engalungile kanye nokuqubuka kwezifo
Ukugcinwa kwenhlalakahle yezilwane emapulazini amafekthri kuyisici esibalulekile sezinqubo zokulima ezinomthwalo wemfanelo. Kodwa-ke, kube nezimo lapho imikhuba engalungile kulezi zikhungo iholele ekuqubukeni kwezifo okunomthelela omkhulu empilweni yomphakathi. Kwezinye izimo, ukuminyana nokungahlanzeki kwezimo emapulazini amafekthri kudala indawo yokuzalanisa izifo futhi zisakazeke phakathi kwezilwane. Lezi zifo zingadlulela kalula kubantu ngokuthintana ngqo noma ngokudliwa kwemikhiqizo yenyama engcolile. Ukuntuleka kwemithetho efanele yenhlanzeko kanye nokunakekelwa kwezilwane okwanele kwamanye amapulazi ezimboni kwandisa ingozi yokuqubuka kwezifo.
Imithelela yemvelo yokulima efekthri
Izindlela zokulima zasefekthri zinemithelela ebalulekile kwezemvelo engeke ishaywe indiva. Ukuvalelwa kakhulu kwezilwane kule misebenzi kuholela emalini enqwabelene yemfucuza, evame ukungcolisa imizila yamanzi nenhlabathi eseduze. Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwemithi elwa namagciwane kanye namahomoni ekulimeni kwasefekthri nakho kunomthelela enkingeni ekhulayo yokungazweli ngama-antibiotic, okubeka engcupheni kokubili impilo yabantu neyezilwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isidingo esikhulu sokudla kwezilwane siye sabangela ukugawulwa kwamahlathi nokucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zokuhlala, njengoba izindawo ezinkulu zomhlaba zigeqwa ukuze kutshalwe imfuyo. Lokhu kucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zemvelo akugcini nje ngokusongela izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kodwa futhi kwandisa ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu ngokukhipha inqwaba yamagesi abamba ukushisa. Kubalulekile ukuthi sibhekane nalokhu kukhathazeka kwemvelo okuhlobene nokulima kwasefekthri ukuze kuvikelwe iplanethi yethu futhi siqinisekise ikusasa elisimeme labo bonke.
Izingozi zokudla inyama engcolile
Ukudla inyama engcolile kubeka engcupheni enkulu empilweni yomphakathi. Emapulazini amafekthri, lapho izilwane zivame ukugcinwa ezimweni eziminyene futhi ezingahlanzekile, ayanda amathuba okudluliselwa kwezifo. Amagciwane amagciwane afana ne-Salmonella, E. coli, ne-Campylobacter angasakazeka kalula phakathi kwezilwane, okuholela emikhiqizweni yenyama engcolile. Lawa magciwane angabangela izifo ezimbi kakhulu kubantu, kuhlanganise nokudla okunoshevu kanye nezifo zesisu. Ukwengeza, ukusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotics ekulimeni kwefekthri kungaba nomthelela ekwakhiweni kwamabhaktheriya amelana nama-antibiotic, kube nzima nakakhulu ukwelashwa kwezifo. Kubalulekile ukuthi silusukumele udaba lwenyama engcolile ukuze sivikele impilo yomphakathi futhi sinqande ukubhebhetheka kwezifo ezitholakala ekudleni.
Izinkinga zempilo yomphakathi eziladeni
Nakuba ukulima kwasefekthri kudonse ukunakwa ngokuphathwa ngesihluku kwezilwane, kuphinde kube nokukhathazeka okubalulekile kwezempilo yomphakathi okuhlobene namalaha. Lokhu kukhathazeka kuvela ezimeni zokungahlanzeki kanye nemikhuba etholakala ezindaweni eziningi zokulashelwa ezinkulu. Indawo eminyene futhi ecindezelayo kulezi zikhungo, kuhlangene nokucutshungulwa kwezilwane ngesivinini esikhulu, kwandisa ingozi yokungcola kanye nokusabalala kwamagciwane. Ukungaphathwa ngendlela efanele kanye nokucutshungulwa kwenyama kungaholela ekubeni khona kwamagciwane afana ne-E. coli ne-Salmonella, okwenza kube usongo olukhulu empilweni yabathengi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwama-antibiotics ekulimeni kwefekthri kunomthelela ekwakhiweni kwamagciwane amelana nama-antibiotic, okuqhubeka nokubeka engcupheni impilo yomphakathi.
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Njengoba sesibonile, ukuphathwa kabi kwezilwane emapulazini emboni akugcini nje ngokuphakamisa ukukhathazeka ngokuziphatha, kodwa futhi kubangela izingozi ezinkulu empilweni yomphakathi. Njengabathengi, singenza umehluko futhi ngokukhetha ukusekela izinqubo zokulima ezinokuziphatha nezisimeme. Ngokusebenzisana, singakha umhlaba onempilo nonozwelo ezilwaneni nakubantu.
FAQ
Yiziphi ezinye zezinto ezibalulekile ezithinta impilo yomphakathi ezihlobene nonya lwezilwane emapulazini efektri?
Okunye okukhathazayo okuyinhloko kwezempilo yomphakathi okuhlobene nonya lwezilwane emapulazini efektri kubandakanya ukusabalala kwezifo ezithathelwanayo, ukumelana nama-antibiotic, nokungcoliswa kwemikhiqizo yokudla. Izimo eziminyana nezingahlanzekile kulawa mapulazi zakha indawo yokuzalanisa amagciwane afana ne-E. coli ne-Salmonella, angadluliselwa kubantu ngokudla inyama engcolile nemikhiqizo yobisi. Ukwengeza, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwama-antibiotics emapulazini efektri kunomthelela ekwakhiweni kwamabhaktheriya amelana nama-antibiotic, okwenza kube usongo olukhulu empilweni yomuntu. Sekukonke, unya lwezilwane emapulazini efektri akuphakamisa ukukhathazeka ngokuziphatha kuphela kodwa futhi kunemiphumela ebalulekile empilweni yomphakathi.
Ukuphathwa kabi kwezilwane emapulazini efektri kunomthelela kanjani ekusakazekeni kwezifo nokungazweli ngama-antibiotic?
Ukuphathwa kabi kwezilwane emapulazini efektri kunomthelela ekusabalaleni kwezifo nokumelana nama-antibiotic ngezindlela eziningi. Izimo eziminyene futhi ezingahlanzekile zinikeza indawo yokuzalanisa amagciwane, okwandisa amathuba okudluliselwa kwezifo. Ukucindezelwa kanye nokuncipha kwamasosha omzimba ezilwane kulezi zimo nakho kuzenza zibe sengozini yokuthola izifo. Ukulawula nokuvimbela lezi zifo, amapulazi emboni ngokuvamile athembele kakhulu kuma-antibiotics, okuholela ekusetshenzisweni ngokweqile nasekusetshenzisweni kabi kwale mithi. Lokhu kusebenzisa ngokweqile kuthuthukisa ukwakhiwa kwamagciwane amelana nemithi elwa namagciwane, engadluliselwa kubantu ngokudla inyama engcolile noma ngokuthintana ngqo nabasebenzi basemapulazini.
Ingabe zikhona izifo ezithile noma izifo ezingaxhunyaniswa ngokuqondile nezimo ezisemapulazini efektri?
Yebo, kunezifo eziningana kanye nezifo ezingaxhunyaniswa ngokuqondile nezimo zamapulazi efektri. Isibonelo esisodwa ukusabalala kwamagciwane amelana nama-antibiotic, okungenzeka ngenxa yokusebenzisa ngokweqile ama-antibiotic kwezolimo zezilwane. Lokhu kungaholela ekuthelelekeni kubantu okunzima ukuwelapha. Ukwengeza, amapulazi efektri angaba nomthelela ekusakazekeni kwezifo ze-zoonotic, okuyizifo ezingadluliselwa phakathi kwezilwane nabantu. Izibonelo zifaka umkhuhlane wezinyoni (bird flu) kanye nomkhuhlane wezingulube. Ukuvalelwa eduze nezimo zokungahlanzeki emapulazini efektri kungenza kube lula ukudluliswa nokusabalala kwalezi zifo.
Imiphi imiphumela engaba khona empilweni yabantu uma ingalungiswa indaba yonya kwezilwane emapulazini emboni?
Uma udaba lonya kwezilwane emapulazini efektri lungalungiswa, kungaba nemiphumela engaba khona empilweni yabantu. Amapulazi amafekthri avame ukwenza imikhuba engaholela ekubhebhethekeni kwezifo, njengokuminyana nezimo ezingahlanzekile. Lokhu kungandisa ingozi yezifo ze-zoonotic, ezithathelwana zisuka ezilwaneni ziye kubantu. Ukwengeza, ukusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic emapulazini efektri ukukhuthaza ukukhula nokuvimbela izifo kungaba nomthelela ekuphikisweni kwama-antibiotic, okwenza kube nzima ukwelapha izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane kubantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthelela ongokwengqondo wokuvumela unya lwezilwane ukuthi luqhubeke lunganqandwa ungase ube nemiphumela engemihle enhlalakahleni yomphakathi iyonke.
Umphakathi ungasebenzela kanjani ukuthuthukisa inhlalakahle yezilwane emapulazini emboni ukuze uvikele impilo yomphakathi?
Umphakathi ungasebenzela ukuthuthukisa inhlalakahle yezilwane emapulazini emboni ukuze uvikele impilo yomphakathi ngokusebenzisa imithetho eqinile kanye nezinyathelo zokuphoqelela. Lokhu kungabandakanya ukubeka amazinga aphezulu ezimo zokuphila kwezilwane, ukunciphisa ukuminyana kanye nengcindezi, ukwenza ngcono ukunakekelwa kwezilwane, kanye nokugqugquzela ukusetshenziswa kwezinye izindlela zokulima ezibeka kuqala impilo nempilo yezilwane. Ukwengeza, imikhankaso yemfundo yomphakathi kanye nokuqwashisa ingasiza ekukhuliseni ukwazi mayelana nokuhlobana phakathi kwenhlalakahle yezilwane nempilo yomphakathi, ikhuthaze abathengi ukuthi basekele izinketho zokudla eziphakanyiswe ngokuziphatha nezisimeme. Ukusebenzisana phakathi kukahulumeni, izimboni, kanye namaqembu okumela abathengi kubalulekile ekuqhubekiseni izinguquko eziphusile kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuvikelwa kokubili kwezilwane nempilo yomphakathi.