Inyama n'akarengane: Gusobanukirwa inyama nkibibazo byubutabera

Kurya inyama bikunze kugaragara nkuguhitamo kugiti cyawe, ariko ingaruka zacyo zigera kure yisahani yo kurya. Kuva ku musaruro wabyo mu mirima y’uruganda kugeza ku ngaruka zagize ku baturage bahejejwe inyuma, inganda z’inyama zifitanye isano rya bugufi n’ibibazo by’ubutabera mbonezamubano bikwiye kwitabwaho cyane. Mugushakisha ibipimo bitandukanye byumusaruro winyama, turavumbura urubuga rugoye rwubusumbane, gukoreshwa, no kwangiza ibidukikije byiyongera kubikenerwa kwisi yose kubikomoka ku nyamaswa. Muri iki kiganiro, turasesengura impamvu inyama atari amahitamo yimirire gusa ahubwo ni ikibazo cyingenzi cyubutabera.

Uyu mwaka wonyine, toni miliyoni 760 (toni zisaga miliyoni 800) z'ibigori na soya bizakoreshwa nk'ibiryo by'amatungo. Ubwinshi muri ibyo bihingwa, ariko, ntibuzagaburira abantu muburyo ubwo aribwo bwose. Ahubwo, bazajya mu matungo, aho bazahinduka imyanda, aho gutungwa. Izo ngano, izo soya-umutungo washoboraga kugaburira abantu batabarika - ahubwo zasesaguwe mugikorwa cyo gutanga inyama.

Iyi mikorere idahwitse yiyongera ku miterere y’umusaruro w’ibiribwa ku isi, aho igice kinini cy’ibicuruzwa bikomoka ku buhinzi ku isi byerekeza ku biryo by’amatungo, aho kurya abantu. Amahano nyayo ni uko, nubwo ibihingwa byinshi biribwa n'abantu bikoreshwa mu kongera inganda z’inyama, ntibisobanura mu kwihaza mu biribwa. Mubyukuri, ubwinshi muri ibyo bihingwa, bwashoboraga kugaburira abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni, amaherezo bigira uruhare mu kwangirika kw’ibidukikije, gukoresha umutungo udashoboka, no gusonza inzara.

Ariko ikibazo ntabwo kireba imyanda gusa; bijyanye no kwiyongera k'ubusumbane. Umuryango w’abibumbye (Loni) n’umuryango w’ubukungu n’ubukungu n’iterambere (OECD) barateganya ko ibikenerwa ku nyama ku isi bizakomeza kwiyongera ku kigereranyo cya 2,5% buri mwaka mu myaka icumi iri imbere. Uku kwiyongera kwinyama bizatuma ubwiyongere bugaragara bwingano na soya bigomba guhingwa no kugaburirwa amatungo. Guhaza iki cyifuzo cyiyongera bizahangana n’ibikenerwa n’ibiribwa bikennye ku isi, cyane cyane mu turere tumaze guhangana n’ibura ry’ibiribwa.

Raporo ya UN / OECD ishushanya ishusho y'ibizaza: Niba iyi nzira ikomeje, bizasa nkaho toni zisaga miliyoni 19 z'ibiribwa, zigenewe kurya abantu, zizoherezwa mu matungo mu mwaka utaha wonyine. Uyu mubare uziyongera ku buryo bugaragara, uzagera kuri toni zisaga miliyoni 200 ku mwaka mu mpera z'imyaka icumi. Ntabwo ari ikibazo cyo kudakora gusa - ni ikibazo cyubuzima nurupfu. Kugabanuka kwinshi kwibihingwa biribwa kubiryo byamatungo bizongera cyane ikibazo cyibura ryibiryo, cyane cyane mukarere gakennye cyane kwisi. Abamaze kwibasirwa cyane-abadafite amikoro yo kubona ibiryo bihagije - bazihanganira aya makuba.

Iki kibazo ntabwo kireba ubukungu gusa; ni umuco. Buri mwaka, mugihe toni miriyoni yibihingwa bigaburirwa amatungo, abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni bashonje. Niba ibikoresho byakoreshejwe mu guhinga ibiryo by'inyamaswa byerekejweho kugaburira abashonje ku isi, birashobora gufasha kugabanya ibibazo byinshi by’ibura ry’ibiribwa muri iki gihe. Ahubwo, inganda zinyama zikorera abantu batishoboye kwisi, zitera ubukene, imirire mibi, no kwangiza ibidukikije.

Mu gihe icyifuzo cy’inyama gikomeje kwiyongera, gahunda y’ibiribwa ku isi izahura n’ikibazo kitoroshye: haba mu gukomeza kongera ingufu mu nganda z’inyama, zisanzwe zifite uruhare runini mu biribwa byangiritse, kwangirika kw’ibidukikije, n’imibabaro y’abantu, cyangwa guhindukira tugana kuri gahunda zirambye, ziboneye zishyira imbere ubuzima bw’abantu n’umutekano w’ibiribwa. Igisubizo kirasobanutse. Niba inzira zigezweho zikomeje, dushobora kwamagana igice kinini cyikiremwamuntu ejo hazaza harangwa ninzara, indwara, no kwangirika kw ibidukikije.

Dukurikije ibyo bitekerezo bitangaje, ni ngombwa ko twongera gusuzuma gahunda y'ibiribwa ku isi. Harakenewe byihutirwa kugabanya kwishingikiriza ku musaruro ukomoka ku nyama nyinshi kandi tugahindura uburyo burambye kandi bunoze bwo gutanga umusaruro. Mugukurikiza indyo ishingiye ku bimera, guteza imbere ubuhinzi burambye, no kwemeza ko ibiribwa bigabanywa kimwe, dushobora kugabanya ingaruka ziterwa n’inyama ziyongera, kugabanya imyanda, kandi tugakora ejo hazaza harambye, ubutabera, n’ubuzima bwiza kuri bose.

Gukoresha umurimo mu nganda zinyama

Bumwe mu buryo bugaragara kandi bufifitse bw’akarengane mu nganda z’inyama ni ugukoresha abakozi, cyane cyane mu ibagiro no mu mirima y’uruganda. Aba bakozi, benshi muri bo bakomoka mu baturage bahejejwe inyuma, bahura n’imirimo itoroshye kandi iteje akaga. Umubare munini wimvune, guhura nubumara bwubumara, hamwe numubare wimitekerereze yinyamaswa zitunganya kubaga zirasanzwe. Abenshi muri aba bakozi ni abimukira n’abantu bafite ibara, benshi muri bo bakaba badafite uburyo bwo kurengera umurimo uhagije cyangwa kwivuza.

Byongeye kandi, inganda zipakira inyama zifite amateka maremare y’ivangura, aho abakozi benshi bahura n’ubusumbane bushingiye ku moko no ku gitsina. Akazi karasaba umubiri, kandi abakozi bakunze kwihanganira umushahara muto, kubura inyungu, n'amahirwe make yo gutera imbere. Muburyo bwinshi, inganda zinyama zubatse inyungu zinyuma kubakozi batishoboye bihanganira ibikorwa byuburozi kandi butekanye.

Ivanguramoko rishingiye ku bidukikije n'ingaruka ku baturage b'abasangwabutaka n'abaciriritse

Ingaruka z’ibidukikije mu buhinzi bw’uruganda zigira ingaruka ku baturage batishoboye, cyane cyane iziherereye hafi y’ibikorwa binini by’ubuhinzi bw’amatungo. Iyi miryango, akenshi igizwe n’abasangwabutaka hamwe n’abantu bafite ibara, bahura n’umwanda mwinshi uva mu mirima y’uruganda, harimo kwanduza ikirere n’amazi bituruka ku ifumbire y’ifumbire, ibyuka bihumanya amoniya, ndetse no kwangiza urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima byaho. Kenshi na kenshi, aba baturage basanzwe bahanganye n’ubukene bukabije no kutabona ubuvuzi, bigatuma barushaho kwibasirwa n’ingaruka mbi ziterwa no kwangiza ibidukikije biterwa n’ubuhinzi bw’uruganda.

Ku baturage b’abasangwabutaka, ubuhinzi bw’uruganda ntibugaragaza gusa ibidukikije ariko nanone ni ukurenga ku muco wabo n’umwuka mu gihugu. Abasangwabutaka benshi bamaze igihe kinini bahuza isi n’ibidukikije. Kwagura imirima yinganda, akenshi kubutaka bufite amateka mumateka kuriyi miryango, byerekana uburyo bwo gukoloniza ibidukikije. Uko inyungu z’ubuhinzi zigenda ziyongera, aba baturage barimuwe kandi bamburwa ubushobozi bwabo bwo gukomeza imigenzo gakondo yo gukoresha ubutaka, bikarushaho gukaza umurego mu mibereho n’ubukungu.

Kubabazwa ninyamaswa nubusumbane bwimyitwarire

Intandaro yinganda zinyama zirimo gukoresha inyamaswa. Ubworozi bw'uruganda, aho inyamaswa zororerwa zifungirwa kandi zigakorerwa ubuzima bwa kimuntu, ni uburyo bwubugome bukabije. Ingaruka zimyitwarire yubuvuzi ntabwo zerekeye imibereho y’inyamaswa gusa ahubwo zigaragaza ubusumbane bwagutse mu mibereho no mu myifatire. Ubuhinzi bwuruganda bukora ku cyitegererezo kibona inyamaswa nkibicuruzwa, hirengagijwe agaciro kavukire nkibinyabuzima bifite imbaraga zishobora kubabara.

Ubu buryo bukoreshwa muburyo butagaragara kubaguzi, cyane cyane mumajyaruguru yisi yose, aho inganda zinyama zikoresha imbaraga zubukungu na politiki kugirango birinde abaturage. Ku bantu benshi, cyane cyane abo mu baturage bahejejwe inyuma, kubabazwa n’inyamaswa bihinduka akarengane kihishe, kidashobora guhunga kubera imiterere y’isoko ry’inyama ku isi.

Byongeye kandi, kunywa inyama mu bihugu bikize bifitanye isano n’ubusumbane bw’isi yose. Umutungo ujya kubyara inyama - nk'amazi, ubutaka, n'ibiryo - byagabanijwe ku buryo butagereranywa, bigatuma umutungo w’ibidukikije ugabanuka mu bihugu bikennye. Utu turere, dusanzwe duhura n’ibura ry’ibiribwa ndetse n’ubukungu budahungabana, ntibushobora kubona inyungu z’umutungo ukoreshwa mu gutanga inyama nyinshi.

Itandukaniro ryubuzima rifitanye isano no kurya inyama

Ubusumbane mu buzima ni ikindi kintu cyerekeye ubutabera mbonezamubano kijyanye no kurya inyama. Inyama zitunganijwe hamwe n’ibikomoka ku nyamaswa zororerwa mu ruganda byahujwe n’ibibazo bitandukanye by’ubuzima, birimo indwara z'umutima, umubyibuho ukabije, ndetse na kanseri zimwe na zimwe. Mu baturage benshi binjiza amafaranga make, kubona ibiryo bihendutse, bizima ni bike, mugihe inyama zihenze, zitunganijwe ziraboneka byoroshye. Ibi bigira uruhare mubusumbane bwubuzima buri hagati yabaturage bakize kandi bahejejwe inyuma.

Byongeye kandi, ubuhinzi bw’inganda bugira ingaruka ku bidukikije, nko guhumanya ikirere n’amazi, nabyo bigira uruhare mu bibazo by’ubuzima mu baturage baturanye. Abaturage batuye hafi yimirima yinganda bakunze guhura nibibazo byinshi byubuhumekero, imiterere yuruhu, nizindi ndwara ziterwa numwanda uterwa nibi bikorwa. Isaranganya ridasubirwaho ry’izi ngaruka z’ubuzima rishimangira itandukaniro ry’ubutabera mbonezamubano, aho kwangiza ibidukikije n’ubusumbane bw’ubuzima bihurira hamwe kugira ngo byongere imitwaro ku baturage batishoboye.

Kwimukira Kugana Ibimera-Bizaza

Gukemura ibibazo byubutabera bijyanye no kurya inyama bisaba impinduka zifatika. Bumwe mu buryo bugaragara bwo gukemura ibyo bibazo ni ukugabanya ibikenerwa ku bikomoka ku nyamaswa no kwimukira mu mirire ishingiye ku bimera. Indyo zishingiye ku bimera ntizigabanya gusa kwangiza ibidukikije byatewe n’ubuhinzi bw’uruganda ahubwo binafasha gukemura ikibazo cy’imirimo ikoreshwa mu kugabanya icyifuzo cy’umusaruro w’inyama zikoreshwa. Mugushyigikira ubundi buryo bushingiye ku bimera, abaguzi barashobora guhangana nubusumbane bwashinze imizi mu nganda zinyama.

Byongeye kandi, indyo ishingiye ku bimera irashobora kugira uruhare muri gahunda y’ibiribwa ku isi iringaniye. Mu kwibanda ku bihingwa bitanga imirire nta kwangiza ibidukikije byatewe n’ubuhinzi bw’inyamaswa, gahunda y’ibiribwa ku isi irashobora kugana ku bikorwa birambye kandi biboneye. Iri hinduka kandi ritanga amahirwe yo gutera inkunga Abasangwabutaka mu bikorwa byabo byo kwigarurira ubutaka n’umutungo w’ubuhinzi burambye, mu gihe icyarimwe bigabanya ingaruka zatewe n’ibikorwa binini by’ubuhinzi bw’inganda.