Inyamanswa zo mu gasozi: Ubuhemu bukabije ku biremwa bya kamere

Guhiga inyamaswa zo mu gasozi bihagaze nk'umwijima ku mibanire y'abantu n'isi. Irerekana ubuhemu bukabije bwibiremwa bitangaje bisangiye umubumbe wacu. Mugihe umubare wubwoko butandukanye ugenda ugabanuka kubera umururumba udahagije wa ba rushimusi, uburinganire bworoshye bwibinyabuzima burahungabana, kandi ejo hazaza h’ibinyabuzima harabangamiwe. Iyi nyandiko yinjiye mu burebure bw’inyamaswa zo mu gasozi, ziga ku mpamvu zitera, ingaruka zabyo, ndetse no gukenera byihutirwa ingamba zo kurwanya iki cyaha gikomeye cyibasiye ibidukikije.

Amahano yo guhiga

Guhiga, guhiga mu buryo butemewe, kwica, cyangwa gufata inyamaswa zo mu gasozi, byabaye icyorezo ku baturage bo mu gasozi mu binyejana byinshi. Haba biterwa no gukenera ibikombe bidasanzwe, imiti gakondo, cyangwa ibikomoka ku nyamaswa byinjiza amafaranga, ba rushimusi berekana ko basuzuguye agaciro k’ubuzima n’inshingano z’ibidukikije ibyo biremwa byuzuza. Inzovu ziciwe kubera amahembe y'inzovu, imvubu zahigaga amahembe yazo, n'ingwe zigenewe amagufwa yabo ni ingero nke gusa z'irimbuka ryatewe no guhiga.

Hano hari inyamaswa nkeya abaturage bazo bahuye noguhiga.

Antelopes:

Antelopes, hamwe nuburyo bwiza bwayo hamwe ningendo nziza, nibice bigize savanna nyafurika hamwe nibinyabuzima bitandukanye kwisi. Nubwo, nubwo ari byiza kandi bifite akamaro k’ibidukikije, ibyo biremwa bihebuje bihura n’iterabwoba rikomeye ryo guhiga mu buryo butemewe n’inyamanswa n’amahembe yifuza.

Guhiga antelopes yo mu gihuru ni ikibazo gikwirakwira mu turere twinshi aho izo nyamaswa zizerera. Ndetse no mu bice bibujijwe guhiga cyangwa kugengwa, hakenewe inyama za antelope zikomeje, bitewe n’ubukene, kwihaza mu biribwa, n’umuco gakondo. Ku baturage benshi, cyane cyane abatuye mu cyaro, inyama za antelope ni isoko yingenzi ya poroteyine no gutunga. Nyamara, uburyo bwo guhiga budashoboka ndetse no gukoresha cyane byatumye umubare w’abaturage ba antelope ugabanuka, bihungabanya ibidukikije kandi bibangamira ubuzima bw’ubwo bwoko.

Byongeye kandi, antelopes yibasiwe n'amahembe yabo, afite agaciro gakomeye mubuvuzi gakondo, nk'imitako ishushanya, ndetse nka aprodisiacs. N’ubwo hashyizwe mu bikorwa ibihano by’ubucuruzi n’ingamba zo kubungabunga ibidukikije, ubucuruzi butemewe mu mahembe ya antelope bukomeje gutera imbere kubera ko ibicuruzwa bikomeje gukenerwa. Ba rushimusi bakunze gukoresha uburyo bwa kinyamaswa kugira ngo babone amahembe ya antelope, harimo guhiga mu buryo butemewe, gucuruza, na magendu, bikarushaho kwiyongera kw'abaturage ba antelope.

Buffalo:

Ikibazo cy’inyamanswa nyafurika, ikimenyetso cy’ibishushanyo mbonera bya savannas n’ibyatsi byo ku mugabane wa Afurika, byerekana ikibazo kinini gihura n’ibikorwa byo kubungabunga inyamaswa ku isi. Nubwo bafite igihagararo giteye ubwoba kandi bigaragara ko ari abaturage bakomeye, inyamanswa zo muri Afurika ziragenda zigwa mu kaga gakomeye ko guhiga, ahanini biterwa no gukenera ibihuru. Iyi myitozo itemewe ntabwo yangiza abaturage b’inyamanswa gusa ahubwo inangiza ubusugire bw’ahantu harinzwe, harimo na parike z’igihugu, aho izo nyamaswa zikomeye zigomba guhungira.

Inyamanswa nyafurika, hamwe namahembe yayo akomeye hamwe na silhouette yihariye, ifite umwanya wihariye mubidukikije nkibinyabuzima byingenzi ndetse nigishushanyo cyumuco. Nyamara, gushakisha ubudahwema inyamanswa kubihuru byatumye igabanuka rikabije ryimibare yabo mumyaka yashize. Guhiga bibaho mu buryo butarobanuye, byibasiye amashyo y’inyamanswa haba imbere ndetse no hanze yarinzwe, bikabangamira ubuzima bwabo.

Kimwe mu bintu biteye ubwoba cyane mu guhiga inyamanswa ni ibibera muri parike y’igihugu ndetse n’ahandi ho kubungabunga ibidukikije. Izi nkambi z’inyamanswa zigamije gutanga ubuturo bw’ibinyabuzima nk’inyamanswa nyafurika, bikabarinda imikazo yo gukoresha abantu. Icyakora, guhiga bikabije, biterwa n'ubukene, kubura ubundi buryo bwo kubaho, ndetse no kubahiriza amategeko bidahwitse, byinjiye no mu bigega birinzwe cyane, bituma abaturage b'inyamanswa bashobora kwibasirwa.

Inkeri:

Ubwiyongere buteye ubwoba bwo guhiga inkwavu bugaragaza igitero kibabaje kuri bumwe mu bwoko bw’isi kandi bugeramiwe. Hafi y’inkwavu zigera ku 7.100 muri Afurika mu gihe cy’imyaka 10 ishize, ibyo biremwa bihebuje bihura n’iterabwoba rishobora guterwa no guhaza amahembe yabo ku masoko atemewe. Igituma iki kibazo giteye ubwoba cyane ni uburyo bwa kinyamaswa bukoreshwa na ba rushimusi, bitabaza ibitero byo mu kirere bakoresheje kajugujugu n'intwaro ziteye ubwoba kugira ngo bibasire inkwavu kandi bikonje.

Imvubu, hamwe n’imiterere yabanjirije amateka ndetse no kuba ihari, biri mu bimenyetso bizwi cyane by’ibinyabuzima bitandukanye byo muri Afurika. Nyamara, abaturage babo barimbuwe n’ubuhigi bwatewe n’imyizerere itari yo ku miti y’imiti n’agaciro kerekana amahembe yabo. Iki cyifuzo, cyane cyane ku masoko yo muri Aziya, cyatumye imvubu zigera ku kuzimangana, hamwe n’ibinyabuzima bimwe na bimwe byegereye ubuzima.

Uburyo bukoreshwa naba rushimusi bwinkwavu nta mbabazi kandi bwateye imbere mubuhanga. Ba rushimusi bakoresheje kajugujugu, ba rushimusi bakoresha imbunda zifite ingufu nyinshi hamwe n’imyambi ya tranquilizer kugirango badashobora kugera ku ntego zabo mu kirere. Inkwavu imaze kugabanuka, ba rushimusi bahita bamanuka hasi bagakoresha iminyururu kugira ngo bakureho amahembe yabo - inzira itwara iminota 10 gusa. Nubwo imvubu yarokoka igitero cya mbere, kuvanaho amahembe amahembe yayo akenshi bikomeretsa abantu bikabije, bigatuma inyamaswa ihitanwa nurupfu kandi rubabaza.

Inzovu:

Ikibazo cy’inzovu, ibihangange bikomeye bya savannas n’amashyamba, byerekana ingaruka mbi z’ubucuruzi bw’inzovu butemewe ku baturage b’inyamanswa. Mu binyejana byashize, inzovu zagiye zihigwa bukware kubera amabere yazo, zifuza amahembe y'inzovu, zikoreshwa mu bicuruzwa bitandukanye by’umuco n’ubucuruzi. N’ubwo abantu benshi bemera ingaruka zangiza z’ubucuruzi bw’inzovu no gushyira mu bikorwa ibihano bibujijwe mu bihugu byinshi, guhiga inzovu bikomeje guhagarara, bitewe n’ibisabwa n’uturere aho amahembe y’inzovu akomeza kuba yemewe.

Ubucuruzi bw'amahembe y'inzovu, bushingiye ku gaciro k’umuco n'ubukungu bigaragara ko bubangamiye cyane inzovu ku isi. N’ubwo hashyizweho ingufu mpuzamahanga mu guhagarika ubucuruzi, harimo n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’isi yose ryabuzanyaga kugurisha amahembe y’inzovu mu 1989 n’amasezerano y’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga mu bwoko bw’inyamanswa zo mu gasozi n’ibimera (CITES), icyuho mu mategeko no kubahiriza amategeko byatumye ubucuruzi butemewe bukomeza. Ibihugu nka Vietnam, Miyanimari, Laos, na Tayilande bikomeje kwemerera kugurisha amahembe y’inzovu mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko, bitanga inzira ku bacuruzi boza amahembe y’inzovu mu buryo butemewe kandi bikomeza icyifuzo cy’inzovu.

Ingaruka z'ubucuruzi bw'inzovu zirababaje. By'umwihariko, inzovu zo muri Afurika zihanganiye igitutu cyo guhiga, abaturage bakagabanuka cyane mu myaka ya vuba aha. N’ubwo mu mwaka wa 2000 hagaragaye umubare munini w’ubuhigi ndetse n’igabanuka rya hato na hato, inzovu zigera ku 20.000 ziracyicwa muri Afurika buri mwaka, bigatuma izo nyamaswa z’ikigereranyo zegera hafi yo kuzimira. Kubura inzovu ntibigaragaza gusa kugabanuka kw’ibinyabuzima bitandukanye gusa ahubwo binatesha agaciro ubusugire bw’ibidukikije aho batuye.

Ibinyamisogwe by'imvi muri Afurika:

Parrot yumukara nyafurika, uzwiho ubwenge, charisma, hamwe namazi meza, yigaruriye imitima yabakunda inyoni kwisi yose. Ariko, inyuma yinyuma yizi nyoni nziza cyane haribintu bibabaje byo gukoreshwa no kubangamiwe no guterwa no guhaza inyamanswa zidasanzwe. Guhiga ubucuruzi bw’amatungo mu buryo butemewe byasabye umubare munini w’abaturage bo muri Afurika bafite imikara y’imvi, bituma babura.

Kuva mu 1975, miliyoni zirenga 1.3 zo muri africa zifite imvi zarafashwe ku gasozi kandi zicururizwa ku rwego mpuzamahanga kugira ngo zuzuze icyifuzo cy’abo basangirangendo b'inyoni bifuza. Nyamara, urugendo ruva mumashyamba rugana mu kato rwuzuyemo akaga kuri ibyo biremwa byoroshye. Igitangaje ni uko ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko hagati ya 30% kugeza kuri 66% by'inyenzi zijimye zafashwe ziva mu gasozi zirimbuka muri icyo gikorwa, zikagwa mu mutego wo gufatwa, gufungwa, no gutwara abantu. Kubera iyo mpamvu, urugero nyarwo rw’ingaruka z’ubwo bucuruzi butemewe ku baturage bo muri Afurika bafite imikara y’inyenzi zirashoboka cyane kuruta uko byari byateganijwe.

Ingaruka z’ubucuruzi bw’amatungo butemewe burenze kure inyoni ku giti cye zafashwe. Nkibiremwa byimibereho kandi bifite ubwenge cyane, ibinyamisogwe byumukara nyafurika bigira uruhare runini mubidukikije nkibisaranganya imbuto kandi bigira uruhare mubinyabuzima. Kugabanuka kwabo kurashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye kubidukikije byamashyamba, guhungabanya ibidukikije no kubangamira ubuzima bw’ibindi binyabuzima.

Inguge:

Guhiga inkende zo mu gihuru byerekana ihuriro ribi ryo kwangirika kw’ibidukikije, ihinduka ry’umuco, hamwe n’ibikenerwa ku isi ku biryo bidasanzwe. Iyo isoko yo gutunga abaturage baho, guhiga ibihuru byahindutse uruganda rwinjiza amafaranga menshi, bitewe nabashoramari, cyane cyane muri Aziya, babona inyama zinguge nkigicuruzwa cyiza. Iri funguro ridahagije ryo kurya ibihuru ryatumye igitutu cyo guhiga ku baturage b’inguge muri Afurika no muri Aziya, kibangamira ubuzima bw’ibi binyabuzima kandi bigenda byangirika.

Inguge, zirimo bonobos, orangutani, chimpanzees, ingagi, na gibbons, ziri mu ncuti zacu magara mu bwami bw’inyamaswa, zisangiye abantu ku buryo budasanzwe ubwoko bw’abantu. Imiterere yabo igoye, ubushobozi bwubwenge, nubwenge bwamarangamutima bituma bashobora kwibasirwa cyane ningaruka zo guhiga no gutakaza aho batuye. Nubwo, nubwo bifite akamaro k’ibidukikije ndetse n’uburyo bwo kubungabunga ibidukikije, inguge zikomeje kwibasirwa n’abahiga inyama zabo, zishingiye ku muco gakondo, ubukene, no gukurura inyungu z’amafaranga.

Ubucuruzi bwibihuru byubucuruzi bwahinduye guhiga kuva mubikorwa byo gutunga bihinduka inganda nini, hamwe n’imiyoboro ihanitse y’abacuruzi, abatanga ibicuruzwa, n’abaguzi bazenguruka imigabane. Toni zirenga miliyoni eshanu z’ibihuru byoherezwa mu kibaya cya Kongo cyonyine buri mwaka, bikagaragaza urugero rw’ubucuruzi n’ingaruka ku baturage b’inyamanswa. Inguge, hamwe nubunini bunini bwumubiri hamwe nimyitwarire mbonezamubano, zifuzwa cyane cyane kubahiga, bigatuma igabanuka ryihuse mumibare yabo no gucikamo aho batuye.

Ibikeri by'ikirahure:

Ubwiza buhebuje bwibikeri byikirahure, hamwe nuruhu rwabo rworoshye rugaragaza ingingo zimbere, byatumye bashakishwa ubutunzi mubucuruzi bwamatungo adasanzwe. Nyamara, uku kwiyongera kwinshi kuri aba amphibian yoroheje byatumye habaho igitutu gikomeye ku baturage bo ku gasozi, amoko menshi akaba afite ibyago byo kuzimira bitewe n’ubucuruzi bukabije n’ubucuruzi butemewe.

Ibikeri by'ibirahure bikomoka mu mashyamba atoshye yo muri Amerika yo Hagati no mu majyepfo, aho bigira uruhare runini nk'ibipimo by'ubuzima bw'ibinyabuzima ndetse bikagira uruhare mu binyabuzima. Nyamara, isura yabo itangaje hamwe na biologiya idasanzwe yabagize intego nyamukuru kubakusanya hamwe nabakunzi mubucuruzi bwamatungo. Nubwo yashyizwe ku rutonde rw’ibinyabuzima bigenda byangirika cyangwa byoroshye, ibikeri by’ibirahure bikomeje gukurwa ku gasozi kugira ngo bigurishwe ku masoko yo mu gihugu ndetse n’amahanga.

Ubucuruzi butemewe mu bikeri by’ibirahure bibangamira ubuzima bwabo, hamwe n’ibimenyetso by’ibikorwa bya magendu n’ubucuruzi byavumbuwe mu bicuruzwa biva muri Amerika yo Hagati bijya mu Burayi. Dukurikije amakuru y’ubucuruzi hamwe n’iyamamaza kuri interineti, amoko arenga icyenda y’ibikeri by’ibirahure acuruzwa muri iki gihe ku rwego mpuzamahanga, hamwe n’ibisabwa n’abaterankunga hamwe n’abakunda kwishakira amphibian zidasanzwe.

Imwe mu mpinduka ni iyongerekana rikomeye ry’ibicuruzwa by’ibirahure bitumizwa muri Amerika, aho izamuka ritangaje rya 44.000% ryagaragaye kuva mu 2016 kugeza mu 2021. Iri zamuka rikabije ry’ubucuruzi riteza ingaruka zikomeye ku baturage bo mu gasozi, kubera ko kwiyongera kwinshi bitera ingufu ku binyabuzima bimaze kwibasirwa n’aho batuye.

Imbaraga zo gukemura ubucuruzi butemewe mu bikeri by’ibirahure bisaba uburyo bwahujwe kandi butandukanye burimo ubufatanye hagati ya guverinoma, imiryango ishinzwe kubungabunga ibidukikije, inzego zishinzwe kubahiriza amategeko, n’inganda z’ubucuruzi bw’amatungo. Kunoza amategeko, gukusanya amakuru, hamwe n’ingamba zo kurwanya icuruzwa ni ngombwa mu guhagarika imiyoboro ya magendu no kubiryozwa abayikoze.

Intare:

Guhiga intare mu buryo butemewe n’ibice by’umubiri byerekana iterabwoba rikomeye kuri bumwe mu bwoko bwa Afurika buzwi cyane kandi bwubahwa. Intare, hamwe nubunini bwazo buhebuje kandi zikomeye, zafashe kuva kera ibitekerezo byabantu ku isi. Nyamara, inyuma y’imbere yabo hari ukuri kubabaje gutotezwa no gukoreshwa biterwa no gukenera amagufwa yabo, amenyo, n’inzara mu buvuzi gakondo ndetse n’ubucuruzi bw’ibinyabuzima butemewe.

Intare yibasiwe nabahigi kubice byumubiri wabo, bihabwa agaciro cyane mubikorwa bimwe na bimwe byumuco nisoko. Amagufa, amenyo, ninzara birashakishwa kubera imiti yabonaga imiti nibisobanuro byikigereranyo, bigatuma ubucuruzi butemewe mubice byintare. Nubwo amategeko arengera amategeko n’ibikorwa byo kubungabunga ibidukikije, ba rushimusi bakomeje kwibasira intare, akenshi bakoresheje uburyo bwubugome kandi butavangura nkumutego wo gutega no kwica ibyo biremwa byiza.

Gukoresha imitego mu guhiga intare ni ubumuntu cyane, bitera imibabaro myinshi kandi akenshi bikaviramo gupfa buhoro kandi bubabaza. Imitego ni imitego yoroshye ariko ikora neza, igizwe numutwe winsinga wiziritse kumubiri winyamaswa iyo zishutswe. Intare zafatiwe mu mutego zirashobora gukomeretsa bikabije, harimo gukomeretsa, kuvunika, no kuniga, mbere yo guhitanwa n'ibikomere cyangwa inzara. Imiterere itavangura imitego nayo itera ingaruka ku yandi moko y’ibinyabuzima, bigatuma abantu bahitanwa n’impanuka ndetse n’ibidukikije.

Ingaruka zo guhiga intare ntizirenze gutakaza inyamaswa ku giti cye kugirango zikubiyemo ingaruka nini z’ibidukikije n’imibereho. Intare igira uruhare runini nk'inyamaswa zo mu bwoko bw'inyamanswa mu bidukikije, igenga abaturage bahiga kandi ikomeza kuringaniza sisitemu kamere. Kugabanuka kwabo kurashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye kubinyabuzima, biganisha ku busumbane mubikorwa byinyamaswa zangiza no kwangiza ibidukikije.

Peccaries:

Ikibazo cya peccaries, kizwi kandi ku izina rya javelina, kibutsa kwibutsa imbogamizi zugarije ibikorwa byo kubungabunga inyamaswa muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru n'Amajyepfo. Izi ngurube Nshya ku Isi, zigizwe n’ibinyabuzima nka peccary ya Chacoan na peccary ya cola, zihura n’igitutu simusiga cyo guhiga no guhiga nubwo amategeko abiteganya ndetse n’ingamba zo kubungabunga ibidukikije.

Peccary ya Chacoan iri mu kaga, ikomoka mu karere ka Chaco muri Amerika y'Epfo, irahigwa hirya no hino kubera uruhu n'inyama. Nubwo yashyizwe ku mugereka wa I w’amasezerano y’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga ku bwoko bw’inyamanswa zo mu gasozi n’ibimera (CITES), bibuza rwose ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga muri ubwo bwoko, no guhabwa uburinzi bw’ubucuruzi mu bihugu nka Arijantine, guhiga peccary ya Chacoan biracyakomeza. Byongeye kandi, muri Paraguay, aho bibujijwe guhiga inyamaswa zo mu gasozi, kubahiriza aya mabwiriza bikomeje kuba bidahagije, bituma guhiga bikomeza.

Ibintu ntabwo ari byiza cyane kuri peccary yakoronijwe, ubundi bwoko bwa peccary buboneka muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru n'Amajyepfo. Nubwo kuri ubu urutonde rw’ibibazo by’umuryango w’abibumbye rishinzwe kubungabunga ibidukikije (IUCN), guhiga peccaries ziteye isoni ni ibintu bikunze kugaragara, cyane cyane mu turere aho kutubahiriza umutekano. Nubwo abaturage babo basa nkaho bahagaze neza, guhiga bikomeje guhungabanya ubuzima bwigihe kirekire cyo kubaho kwa peccaries ziramutse zitagenzuwe.

Guhiga cyane peccaries biterwa nimpamvu zitandukanye, zirimo gukenera uruhu rwabo, inyama, nibindi bice byumubiri, hamwe numuco gakondo hamwe nubukungu. Kudashyira mu bikorwa neza amategeko arengera inyamaswa mu turere twinshi byongera ikibazo, bigatuma ba rushimusi bakora ibihano kandi bagakoresha amoko y’abatishoboye kugira ngo babone inyungu.

Pangoline:

Ikibazo cya pangoline, bakunze kwita inyamaswa z’inyamabere zigurishwa cyane ku isi, cyerekana ko hakenewe ingamba zihuse ku isi kugira ngo zirinde ayo moko adasanzwe kandi yanduye. N’ubwo amategeko mpuzamahanga n’ibikorwa biherutse gukorwa byo guhagarika ubucuruzi bwa pangoline, bakomeje guhura n’igitutu simusiga cy’ubuhigi n’icuruzwa, bitewe n’ibisabwa ku munzani, inyama, n’uruhu.

Icyifuzo cya pangoline gikomoka cyane cyane mubuvuzi gakondo bwabashinwa, aho umunzani wa pangoline wibeshya ko ufite imiti. N'ubwo nta bimenyetso bifatika bifatika byemeza ibyo birego, ubucuruzi butemewe ku munzani wa pangoline buracyakomeza, gutwara ibihiga no gucuruza mu bihugu bitandukanye bya pangoline muri Afurika no muri Aziya. Byongeye kandi, inyama za pangoline zifatwa nk'ibiryo mu mico imwe n'imwe, bikarushaho gukenera inyamaswa z’inyamabere zoroshye.

Usibye ubuvuzi gakondo no guteka, pangoline nayo ihura n’iterabwoba ry’inganda zerekana imideli, cyane cyane muri Amerika, aho usanga hakenewe uruhu rwa pangoline ku bintu by’uruhu nka bote, umukandara, n’imifuka. Inkweto za Cowboy zikoze mu ruhu rwa pangoline zagize uruhare mu kugabanuka kwizi nyamaswa, byongera imiterere yabyo yo kubungabunga ibidukikije.

Ubwoko bwose bwa pangoline burashobora kwibasirwa, bugeramiwe, cyangwa bugeramiwe cyane, bugaragaza ubukana bwiterabwoba bahura nazo. Gutakaza aho gutura, guhiga, n’ubucuruzi butemewe bikomeje gutuma abaturage ba pangoline barimbuka, bishimangira ko hakenewe ingamba zihamye zo kubungabunga ibidukikije kugira ngo birinde ibyo biremwa bidasanzwe kandi bidasimburwa.

Ibikeri by'uburozi:

Kureshya ibikeri by'uburozi, hamwe n'amabara yabyo akomeye hamwe n'imyitwarire ishimishije, byatumye baba amoko yifuza cyane mubucuruzi bw'inyamanswa zidasanzwe. Ikibabaje ni uko iki cyifuzo cyongereye igitero simusiga cyo guhiga no gucuruza inyamaswa, bituma amoko menshi y’ibikeri by’ibikeri bigenda byangirika. N’ubwo inzego z’ibanze muri Amerika yepfo zagize uruhare mu gutabara, ubucuruzi butemewe buracyakomeza, bitewe n’inyungu zishingiye ku nyungu ndetse no gukomeza gukenera aba amphibian bashimishije.

Ibikeri by'uburozi bikomoka muri Amerika yo Hagati no mu majyepfo, bihesha agaciro kubera amabara atangaje ndetse n'uburozi bukomeye, bukaba ari uburyo bwo kwirinda inyamaswa zo mu gasozi. Nyamara, ubwiza bwabo bwanabagize intego nyamukuru kubashimusi bashaka kubyaza umusaruro icyamamare mubucuruzi bwamatungo adasanzwe. Nubgo haboneka ingero zororerwa-zafashwe mpiri, zishobora kuba inzira zirambye kubantu bafashwe nishyamba, kureshya ibikeri byafashwe nishyamba bikomeje gukomera kubakusanya hamwe nabakunzi.

Ubucuruzi butemewe mu bikeri by’uburozi bwagize ingaruka mbi ku baturage bo mu gasozi, bituma amoko amwe agera ku kuzimira. Ba rushimusi bakunze gukoresha uburyo bwubugome kandi bwangiza kugirango bafate ibyo bikeri, birimo gusenya aho gutura, gukusanya bitarobanuye, no gukoresha imiti y’ubumara. Byongeye kandi, guhangayikishwa no gufata no gutwara abantu bishobora kugira ingaruka mbi ku buzima n’imibereho y’aba amphibian yoroheje, bikarushaho kwiyongera kubibazo byabo.

N’ubwo inzego z’ibanze muri Amerika yepfo zashyizeho ingamba zo kurwanya ubucuruzi butemewe n’ibikeri by’uburozi, kubahiriza amategeko arengera inyamaswa bikomeje kuba ingorabahizi kubera amikoro make, ruswa, n’ibikorwa remezo bidahagije. Byongeye kandi, imiterere y’ubucuruzi bw’inyamanswa zidasanzwe ku isi bituma bigorana kugenzura no kugenzura urujya n'uruza rw’ibikeri ku mipaka, bigatuma ba rushimusi n’abacuruzi bakoresha icyuho cyemewe kandi bakirinda gutahura.

Ingwe:

Ikibazo cy’ingwe, ibimenyetso byerekana imbaraga nicyubahiro, cyaranzwe n’iterabwoba ridahwema ry’ubuhigi n’ubucuruzi butemewe. Ingwe zatewe uruhu, amagufwa, ninyama, ingwe zihura n’akaga gakomeye mu gihe abaturage bazo bagabanuka kubera gukoreshwa ubudasiba. Nubwo hashyizweho ingamba zo kubungabunga ibidukikije, umubare w’ingwe zihiga zikomeje kuba nyinshi cyane, aho usanga benshi bashobora kuba barazimiye kubera ibintu bitamenyekanye ndetse n’uburiganya bukoreshwa na ba rushimusi.

Ubucuruzi butemewe mu bice by'ingwe butera guhiga hirya no hino, kuva mu mashyamba yo mu Buhinde no mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya kugera mu turere twa kure two mu Burusiya n'Ubushinwa. Uruhu, amagufwa, nibindi bice byumubiri nibicuruzwa bihebuje cyane mubuvuzi gakondo no mumasoko meza, kuzana ibiciro bikabije kumasoko yabirabura. Iki cyifuzo gitera umuyoboro w’ubucuruzi winjiza amafaranga menshi ku mipaka, ingwe zigwa mu mutego wa ba rushimusi bashaka inyungu mu rupfu rwabo.

Nubwo hashyizweho ingufu mu kurwanya guhiga no gucuruza, igipimo cy’ikibazo gikomeje kuba igitangaza. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, umubare w'ingwe uzwi cyane w’inyamanswa wabaye mwinshi cyane, aho byagaragaye mu bihugu bitandukanye byo muri Aziya. Nyamara, urugero nyarwo rwo guhiga ingwe rushobora kuba runini cyane, kubera ko ibyabaye byinshi bitamenyekana cyangwa bitamenyekanye, bigatuma ingwe zitabarika zizimira nta kimenyetso.

Mu majyepfo y’amajyepfo ya Aziya, guhiga ingwe birakabije, aho ba rushimusi bakoresha uburyo butagira ubugome nko gutereta no kuroga kugira ngo bibasire izo nyamaswa zangiza. Umutego, imitego yoroshye ariko yica ikozwe mu nsinga cyangwa insinga, ni abicanyi batavangura batagusha mu mutego gusa ahubwo no ku yandi moko y'ibinyabuzima. Uburozi, akenshi bukoresha imiti y’ubumara cyangwa ibyambo by’uburozi, byongera byinshi ku iterabwoba ku baturage b’ingwe, bikagira ingaruka mbi ku binyabuzima ndetse n’ubuzima bw’ibinyabuzima.

Ingaruka zo guhiga ingwe zirenze gutakaza inyamaswa ku giti cye kugira ngo zikubiyemo ingaruka nini ku bidukikije no ku mibereho. Ingwe zigira uruhare runini nk'inyamanswa zangiza mu bidukikije, zigenga abaturage bahiga kandi zigumana uburinganire bwa sisitemu kamere. Kugabanuka kwabo kurashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye kubinyabuzima, biganisha ku busumbane bwurubuga rwibiribwa, gutakaza aho batuye, na serivisi zangiza ibidukikije.

Imbaraga zo gukemura ibibazo by’ingwe zisaba inzira zinyuranye zirimo ubufatanye hagati ya guverinoma, imiryango ishinzwe kubungabunga ibidukikije, inzego zishinzwe kubahiriza amategeko, n’abaturage baho. Kongera ingufu mu kubahiriza amategeko, gukusanya amakuru, no kurinda amarondo ni ngombwa mu guhagarika imiyoboro y’ubuhigi no gusenya inzira z’ubucuruzi.

Ingofero yingofero:

Ingofero ya curassow, ifite isura nziza cyane hamwe na casque idasanzwe isa n'ingofero, ni ubwoko bw'inyoni butagaragara buboneka mu mashyamba meza ya Venezuwela na Kolombiya. N’ubwo umuco w’umuco n’akamaro k’ibidukikije, ingofero y’ingofero ihura n’iterabwoba ryinshi, harimo gutakaza aho gutura, guhiga, ndetse n’ubucuruzi bw’ibinyabuzima butemewe, ibyo bikaba byaratumye bigera ku ntege nke.

Kimwe mu bintu by'ibanze byugarije ingofero y’ingofero ni uguhiga, bitewe no gukenera inyama zayo, imitako gakondo ikozwe mu mababa, ndetse n'ibikombe byo guhiga nka gihanga n'amagi. Casque nini ku gahanga kayo, iha inyoni izina ryayo, ihabwa agaciro cyane cyane kubera imitungo yitwa aphrodisiac, yiyongera ku kureshya abahiga n'abegeranya. Ndetse no mu turere twarinzwe neza, ingofero y’ingofero ntabwo irinzwe n’iterabwoba ryo guhiga, byerekana ko byihutirwa ingamba zo kubungabunga ibidukikije.

Nubwo hashyizweho ingufu mu guhiga no gucuruza, harimo gutondekanya amoko munsi ya CITES Umugereka wa III muri Kolombiya, bisaba uruhushya rwo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze, kubahiriza amabwiriza biracyari ingorabahizi. Guhiga no gucuruza mu buryo butemewe bikomeje guhungabanya ingufu zo kubungabunga ibidukikije, bigashyira ingufu mu baturage ba curassow ingofero kandi bikabongerera intege nke.

Ingaruka zo guhiga no gucuruza mu buryo butemewe zirenze igihombo cy’inyoni zihita zikubiyemo ingaruka nini z’ibidukikije n’imibereho. Ingofero ya curassows igira uruhare runini mubidukikije nkibisaranganya imbuto kandi bigira uruhare mubinyabuzima. Kugabanuka kwabo birashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku mikorere y’amashyamba, biganisha ku busumbane mu baturage b’ibimera no kugabanya ubwiza bw’imiturire ku yandi moko.

Inyenzi zo mu ruhu:

Ikibazo cy’inyenzi zo mu ruhu, nini cyane mu nyenzi zose zo mu nyanja, bishimangira ko hakenewe byihutirwa ingamba zo kubungabunga ibidukikije kugira ngo zirinde ibyo biremwa bya kera kandi bikomeye. Mu gihe inyenzi zikuze z’uruhu zihura n’iterabwoba nko kwamburwa no kwangirika kw’imiturire, imwe mu mbogamizi zikomeye ku mibereho yabo ituruka ku bucuruzi butemewe mu magi yabo, bukunze kwibwa aho buterera mu baturage baturiye inkombe.

Ubujura bw’amagi y’inyenzi byerekana uruhu rukomeye ku mibereho y’ubwoko, kuko buhungabanya ukwezi kw’imyororokere kandi bikagabanya umubare w’inyoni zinjira mu baturage. Inyenzi zo mu ruhu zizwiho kwimuka kwinshi ku nkombe z’icyari, aho igitsina gore gitera amagi mu cyari cyumucanga cyacukuwe ku nkombe. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, aho ibyari byaterwa akenshi byibasirwa naba rushimusi bashaka inyungu mu kugurisha amagi y’inyenzi, bikekwa ko afite imitungo ya afrodisiac mu mico imwe n'imwe.

Nubwo amategeko arengera amategeko, harimo no gutondekanya ku mugereka wa I w’amasezerano y’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga ku bwoko bw’inyamanswa zo mu gasozi n’ibimera (CITES), bibuza ubucuruzi bw’ubucuruzi mu nyenzi z’uruhu, kubahiriza amabwiriza biracyari ingorabahizi. Kureshya amagi y'inyenzi y'uruhu nk'ibiryo byiza cyangwa imiti gakondo itera ba rushimusi gukomeza ibikorwa byabo bitemewe, bikabangamira ubuzima bw'ubwo bwoko bworoshye.

Usibye guhiga amagi, ibyana by’inyamanswa by’inyamanswa rimwe na rimwe byibasirwa n’inyama zazo, bikongerera ingufu abaturage. Gutakaza igitsina gore cyo gutera bigabanya umubare w amagi yatewe kandi bikagabanya ubwoko butandukanye, bikarushaho kubangamira ubuzima bwigihe kirekire bwabaturage b’inyenzi.

Imbaraga zo gukemura ibibazo byugarije inyenzi z’uruhu bisaba inzira yuzuye ikubiyemo ubufatanye hagati ya guverinoma, imiryango ishinzwe kubungabunga ibidukikije, abaturage baho, ndetse n’abafatanyabikorwa mpuzamahanga. Kongera ingufu mu kubahiriza amategeko, kugenzura, no kugira uruhare mu baturage ni ngombwa mu kurinda ahantu h’icyari no kubuza ba rushimusi gukoresha inyenzi z’inyenzi.

Impamvu zo guhiga

Intandaro yo guhiga inyamaswa ziragoye kandi zinyuranye, akenshi zivanga nibibazo nkubukene, ruswa, no kubahiriza amategeko adahagije. Mu turere twinshi, abaturage bakennye bahindukira guhiga nkuburyo bwo kubaho, bashukwa nisezerano ryinyungu byihuse mubukungu butababarira. Byongeye kandi, icyifuzo kidahagije ku bicuruzwa by’inyamanswa, cyane cyane ku masoko yinjiza amafaranga nka Aziya, bikomeza uruziga rw’ubuhigi, gutwara abahiga kugeza igihe kirekire kugira ngo babone isoko.

Imbaraga zo Kubungabunga n'imbogamizi

Imbaraga zo kurwanya inyamanswa z’inyamanswa zikubiyemo ingamba zitandukanye, zirimo gushimangira kubahiriza amategeko, uruhare rw’abaturage, n’ubufatanye mpuzamahanga. Amashyirahamwe arengera ibidukikije akora ubudacogora mu kurinda amoko y’ibinyabuzima binyuze muri gahunda nko kurwanya irondo ry’inyamanswa, gusana aho gutura, ndetse n’ubukangurambaga bukangurira abaturage. Icyakora, kurwanya inyamanswa zirimo ibibazo byinshi, uhereye ku ngaruka zigaragara z’udutsiko tw’ibyaha byateguwe kugeza ku mutungo muke ushobora kuboneka mu bikorwa byo kubungabunga ibidukikije. Byongeye kandi, imiterere ihuriweho n’iminyururu itangwa ku isi isobanura ko ahantu h’ubuhigi mu karere kamwe hashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku baturage b’inyamanswa ku isi.

Imyitwarire myiza

Imyitwarire myiza yo kurinda no kubungabunga urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima ku isi ntawahakana. Nkibisonga byisi, twahawe inshingano zo kurinda ubutunzi bukize bwubuzima budukikije, atari kubisekuruza bizaza gusa ahubwo n'agaciro gakomeye k'ibinyabuzima byose. Iyi myitwarire yimyitwarire ikubiyemo kumenya byimazeyo isano dufitanye nisi karemano no kwiyemeza kubaha, kurera, no kubana neza mubuzima bwose.

Intandaro yimyitwarire myiza ni ukumenya agaciro nicyubahiro bya buri bwoko, tutitaye kubyo bifitiye abantu. Buri kinyabuzima, kuva mikorobe ntoya kugeza ku nyamaswa nini nini, kigira uruhare rwihariye kandi rudasimburwa murubuga rukomeye rwubuzima. Haba nk'ibyangiza, ikwirakwiza imbuto, cyangwa igenzura imikorere y’ibinyabuzima, buri bwoko bugira uruhare mu guhangana n’imiterere y’ibinyabuzima, ubuzima bwose bushingiye.

Byongeye kandi, itegeko ryimyitwarire ntirirenze ibitekerezo byingirakamaro gusa bikubiyemo amahame yimpuhwe, impuhwe, nubutabera kubantu bafite imyumvire. Inyamaswa, hamwe nubushobozi bwazo bwo kwinezeza, kubabara, nububabare, dukwiye kwitabwaho no kurinda ibibi. Ibi ntabwo bikubiyemo ubwoko bwibishushanyo na charismatique gusa ahubwo binakubiyemo ibiremwa bikunze kwirengagizwa kandi bidahabwa agaciro bigize urufatiro rwibinyabuzima.

Imyitwarire myiza yo kurengera urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima nayo ishingiye ku mahame y’uburinganire bw’ibisekuruza n’ubutabera bushingiye ku bidukikije. Nkabashinzwe kurinda isi, dufite inshingano zumuco kugirango tumenye neza ko ibisekuruza bizaza bizungura isi ikungahaye ku binyabuzima, aho bishobora gutera imbere no gutera imbere bihuje na kamere. Ibi birasaba gufata ibyemezo uyumunsi bishyira imbere ubuzima bwigihe kirekire nubuzima bwiza bwibinyabuzima nabayituye bose.

Dukurikije ibibazo by’ibidukikije byugarije isi yacu, kuva imihindagurikire y’ikirere no kwangiza aho gutura kugeza aho bikabije ndetse n’umwanda, gukurikiza amahame mbwirizamuco yo kurengera urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima ntibyigeze byihutirwa. Iraduhamagarira kongera gusuzuma umubano dufitanye n'isi karemano, kumenya inshingano zacu nk'abashinzwe kwita ku Isi, no gufata ingamba zihamye zo kubungabunga ubutunzi budasubirwaho bw'ubuzima butungisha isi.

Ubwanyuma, itegeko ryingenzi ryo kurinda urusobe rwibinyabuzima ntabwo ari inshingano zumuco gusa - ni uburyo bwimbitse bwerekana ubumuntu bwacu, imikoranire yacu nubuzima bwose, kandi twiyemeje kubaka isi irenganura, iringaniza, kandi irambye kubisekuruza bizaza ndetse nigihe kizaza.