Aho batuye, orcas zo mu gasozi na dolphine zinyura mu nyanja nini, zishora mu mibanire itoroshye kandi zuzuza ubushake bwazo bwo gukora ubushakashatsi. Icyakora, imipaka y’uburetwa ibambura ubwo bwisanzure bw’ibanze, ikabashyira mu bigega bitagira ingume byera ugereranije n’amazu yagutse yo mu nyanja. Inziga zidashira koga muri ibyo bigo byubukorikori byerekana monotony yo kubaho kwabo, idafite ubujyakuzimu nubwinshi bwibidukikije.
Guhatirwa gukora amayeri yo gutesha agaciro imyidagaduro yabarebera, inyamaswa z’inyamabere zinyagwa zambuwe zambuwe ubwigenge n'icyubahiro. Iyerekana, idafite ibisobanuro cyangwa intego iyo ari yo yose, ikora gusa kugirango ikomeze kwibeshya kwigenga ryabantu kuri kamere. Byongeye kandi, gutandukanya abantu nubusabane bwimiryango byongera ihahamuka ryubunyage, kuko bahindagurika hagati ya parike batitaye kumibereho yabo yumutima.
Ikibabaje ni uko inyamaswa z’inyamabere nyinshi zafashwe mpiri zihitanwa n’impfu zidashyitse, zikaba zitageze ku mibereho y’ubwoko bwazo. Guhangayika, gucika intege, no kwiheba bigaragarira mubuzima bwabo bwanyagwa bigaragarira muburyo butandukanye bw'indwara z'umubiri na psychologiya, amaherezo bikaza kurangira bidatinze. N’ubwo inganda zivuga ko zitanga agaciro k’uburezi n’ingamba zo kubungabunga ibidukikije, ukuri kuratandukanye cyane - ubucuruzi bushingiye ku gukoresha nabi imibabaro.
Iyi nyandiko yibanze ku bibazo bigoye bijyanye no gufata no gufunga inyamaswa zo mu nyanja, ziga ku bijyanye n’imyitwarire, ibidukikije, n’imitekerereze ijyanye n’inganda.
Ibiremwa byo mu nyanja birashimishije, kandi isi yabo ntisanzwe kuri twe, kuburyo byumvikana ko abantu benshi bashaka kubegera.
Pariki zo mu nyanja n’ubucuruzi byifashisha ayo matsiko agera kuri miliyoni y’amadolari ku isi buri mwaka. Ariko ibi bivuze iki ku nyamaswa ubwazo?
Ibidukikije bidasanzwe
Ubunyage bw'inyamaswa muri parike zo mu nyanja na aquarium byerekana kuva cyane aho batuye, bikababuza ubushobozi bwo kwerekana imyitwarire yabo yose. Uku kuri kutoroheye gushimangira impungenge zishingiye kumyitwarire yo gufunga ibiremwa byimyidagaduro.
Fata nk'urugero rwa pingwin zumwami, ibiremwa bitangaje bizwiho ubushobozi budasanzwe bwo kwibira. Ku gasozi, izo nyoni ziyobora amazi akonje yo mu nyanja y'Amajyepfo, ziroha mu burebure bwa metero 100 ndetse zikarenga metero 300 rimwe na rimwe. Mubihe byagutse kandi bifite imbaraga, bafite umudendezo wo kwerekana imyitwarire yabo karemano, kuva guhiga amafi kugeza kwishora mubikorwa byimibereho mubakoloni babo.
Nyamara, imipaka y’ubunyage ishyiraho imbogamizi zikomeye kuri ziriya nyamaswa, zikayifungira mu bigo ariko bikaba agace gato k’ubunini bw’imiterere yabyo. Mu bihe nk'ibi bibujijwe, pingwin z'umwami zambuwe amahirwe yo kwishora mu myitwarire yabo bwite, harimo kwibira no kurisha mu burebure bujyanye n'ubushobozi bwabo. Ahubwo, basubijwe inyuma no gusubira inyuma mu mbago zabo, kwigana ibara ryimigendekere yimikorere bari kubona mumashyamba.
Itandukaniro riri hagati yimyitwarire isanzwe yinyamanswa nimbogamizi zubukorikori zubunyage ntizagarukira gusa kuri pingwin zumwami wenyine. Dolphine, izwi cyane kubera kwerekana acrobatic hamwe n'ubwenge bw'imibereho, igarukira mu bidengeri byera ugereranije n'ubugari bunini bw'inyanja bita murugo. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, orcas, inyamaswa zo mu nyanja zo mu nyanja, zihatirwa koga inziga zidashira mu bigega bifite aho bihuriye n'amazi afunguye bigeze kuzerera.
Umutego, uhangayitse kandi utameze neza
Amatungo afungiye muri parike yinyanja na aquarium yambuwe imyitwarire karemano n’imikoranire yabantu, ntashobora kurisha ibiryo cyangwa gukora inkwano nkuko yabikora mwishyamba. Ubwigenge bwabo bwarahungabanye, bigatuma batagenzura ibibakikije.
Ubushakashatsi bwakorewe mu Bwongereza bwerekanye igipimo giteye ubwoba cy’imyitwarire idasanzwe mu nyamaswa zo mu mazi, aho usanga abantu bakunze kuzenguruka, kuzunguruka umutwe, ndetse no koga. Akarashi n'imirasire, byumwihariko, byerekanaga imyitwarire ivunika hejuru, imyitwarire idakunze kugaragara aho batuye.
Ubu bushakashatsi kandi bwagaragaje inkomoko y’inyamaswa nyinshi zo mu nyanja muri aquariya rusange, aho abagera kuri 89% bafashwe n’ishyamba. Akenshi, abo bantu bafatwa ninganda zuburobyi, batangwa muri aquarium kubuntu. N’ubwo bivugwa ko hashyizweho ingamba zo kubungabunga ibidukikije, nko kurengera aho batuye, ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ibimenyetso bike byerekana ibikorwa byo kubungabunga ibidukikije muri aquariya rusange y’Ubwongereza.
Byongeye kandi, ibibazo byubuzima byibasiye inyamaswa muri ibyo bigo byari bisanzwe bikabije, harimo gukomeretsa, ibikomere, inkovu, indwara zamaso, ubumuga, kwandura, gukura kudasanzwe, ndetse n’urupfu. Ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi byerekana ishusho y’imibereho myiza n’imibereho y’inyamaswa zo mu nyanja ziri mu bunyage, byerekana ko hakenewe byihutirwa ivugurura ry’imyitwarire mu nganda.
Imiryango yatandukanijwe
Ukuri gukomeretsa umutima kwinyamaswa zo mu nyanja ntizirenze imipaka y’ibigega hamwe n’uruzitiro, bikora ku isano ikomeye y’imiryango n’imbuga nkoranyambaga zisa n'izacu. Orcas na dolphine, bubahwa kubwubwenge bwabo no kugorana kwabaturage, basangiye umubano wimiryango ninzego zimibereho ikomeye mumashyamba.
Mwisi yisi, orcas ikomeza kuba indahemuka kuri ba nyina, igakora ubumwe bwubuzima burambye uko ibisekuruza byagiye bisimburana. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, dolphine yambukiranya inyanja mu byuma bifatanye, aho umubano ukomeye mu muryango no kubana neza bisobanura kubaho kwabo. Iyo umwe mubagize podo yabo yafashwe, ingaruka zisubira mumatsinda yose, hamwe nabandi bagerageza gutabara cyangwa gukiza mugenzi wabo bafashwe.
Inzira yo gufatwa nishyamba nikibazo gikomeye, cyaranzwe nihungabana namakuba. Ubwato butanga kwiruka kuri dolphine, bukabutwara mumazi maremare aho guhunga ari ubusa hagati yinshundura. Abitwa ko badashaka barashobora guhura nibibazo bitarenze ubugome, bahura nibibazo bikomeye byo guhungabana, guhangayika, cyangwa umusonga nyuma yo kurekurwa. Ahantu nka Taiji Cove, mu Buyapani, iyicwa rya dolphine ngarukamwaka ryibutsa ububi bwakorewe ibyo biremwa bifite ubwenge. Mu mwaka wa 2014 honyine, ama dolphine atangaje 500 yarahagaritswe, ubuzima bwabo burazima kubera urugomo no kumena amaraso. Urupfu rwarokotse akenshi rwatanyaguwe mu miryango yabo maze rugurishwa mu bunyage, uburyo bwabo bwo kugerageza guhunga isezerano rikomeye ryerekana ko umuntu afite umudendezo.
Imyitwarire y'Ubunyage
Intandaro yimpaka haribibazo byimyitwarire yo kumenya niba bikwiye kugarukira ibiremwa byimyidagaduro kwidagadura ryabantu. Inyamaswa zo mu nyanja, guhera kuri dolphine na baleine kugeza ku mafi n’inyenzi zo mu nyanja, zifite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kumenya no kumenya imibereho yabangamiwe cyane n’ubunyage. Imyitozo yo gufata izo nyamaswa aho zituye ntizihungabanya ubuzima bwa buri muntu gusa ahubwo n’ibinyabuzima byose. Byongeye kandi, kwifungira mu bidukikije akenshi biganisha ku guhangayika, indwara, ndetse no gupfa imburagihe mu nyamaswa zo mu nyanja zafashwe mpiri, bigatuma abantu bahangayikishwa cyane n’imyitwarire y’ubunyage bwabo.
Ingaruka ku bidukikije
Ingaruka zo gufata inyamaswa zo mu nyanja kuri aquarium na parike zo mu nyanja ntizirenze abantu bakuwe ku gasozi. Gukuramo ubuzima bwo mu nyanja bihungabanya urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima byoroshye kandi birashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku baturage baho ndetse n’ibinyabuzima bitandukanye. Kuroba cyane no gutura aho bijyana no gufata izo nyamaswa birashobora gutuma igabanuka ry’ububiko bw’amafi no kwangirika kw’ibiti byo mu nyanja ya korali, bikarushaho gukaza umurego mu nyanja zimaze kuba mbi. Byongeye kandi, gutwara inyamaswa zo mu nyanja ahantu harehare hagamijwe kwerekana ibyerekezo byangiza imyuka ya karubone kandi bigira ingaruka ku buzima bwabo no ku mibereho yabo.
Imibereho ya psychologiya
Usibye ibibazo byumubiri, imbohe nazo zitwara ubuzima bwiza bwimitekerereze yinyamaswa zo mu nyanja. Bifunzwe gusa n'ibigega bito cyangwa ibiziritse, ibyo biremwa byambuwe ubwinshi bw'inyanja n'imikoranire myiza mubuzima bwabo bwo mumutwe. Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko dolphine zafashwe mpiri, urugero, zigaragaza imyitwarire idasanzwe nkuburyo bwo koga bwa stereotypic hamwe nubugizi bwa nabi, byerekana guhangayika no gucika intege. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, orcas zibera muri parike zo mu nyanja byagaragaye ko zigaragaza ibimenyetso by’akababaro ko mu mutwe, harimo gusenyuka kwa dorsal ndetse n’imyitwarire yo kwiyangiza, bikagaragaza ingaruka mbi z’ubunyage ku mibereho yabo yo mu mutwe.
Nigute ushobora gufasha
“Bareke Bose Babohore” bisubiramo abantu bose bahamagarira impuhwe no kubaha ibinyabuzima byose, cyane cyane abatuye mu nyanja nini y'inyanja. Ni ugutakamba kumenya agaciro gakondo k’inyamaswa zo mu nyanja no kubaha umudendezo n'icyubahiro bikwiye.
Mu gasozi, inyamaswa zo mu nyanja zigenda ziba mu nyanja n’ubuntu no kwihangana, buri bwoko bugira uruhare runini kurubuga rukomeye rwubuzima. Kuva kuri orca nziza cyane kugeza kuri dolphine ikinisha, ibyo biremwa ntabwo aribicuruzwa byimyidagaduro yabantu gusa ahubwo ni ibiremwa bifite imyumvire bifite imiterere igoye yimibereho hamwe nimyitwarire yavukanye yubahwa mumyaka ibihumbi nubwihindurize.
Ubunyage bw'inyamaswa zo mu nyanja muri aquarium na parike zo mu nyanja byerekana guhemukira cyane umurage wabo, bikababuza umudendezo wo gutembera no kwigenga kugira ngo bagaragaze imyitwarire yabo bwite. Bafungiwe mu bigega bitagira ingo n'inzitiro, barambaraye mu bihe bidashira, bahakana amahirwe yo kuzuza ibyifuzo byabo ndetse n'imibanire yabo.
Nkibisonga byisi, ni inshingano zacu kumenya ko ari itegeko ryubahiriza uburenganzira bwinyamaswa zo mu nyanja zo kubaho mu bwisanzure aho batuye. Aho gukomeza uruzinduko rwo gukoreshwa n'imibabaro, tugomba kwihatira kurinda no kubungabunga inyanja nk'ubuturo bwera bw'ubuzima, aho inyamaswa zo mu nyanja zishobora gutera imbere mu bidukikije.
Reka twumvire umuhamagaro wibikorwa kandi dushyigikire iherezo ry’inyamanswa z’inyanja zo mu nyanja, duharanira ubundi buryo bwo kubungabunga no kwigisha bushyira imbere imibereho myiza n’icyubahiro by’ibi biremwa bihebuje. Twese hamwe, turashobora kubaka ejo hazaza aho inyamaswa zose zo mu nyanja zifite umudendezo wo koga, gukina, no gutera imbere mugace kitagira umupaka winyanja. Bose nibabohore.
Imihigo yo kutazigera ujya muri parike ya marine cyangwa aquarium
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