Uruhande rwijimye rwo guhiga siporo: Impamvu ari ubugome kandi bidakenewe

Nubwo guhiga byigeze kuba igice cyingenzi mubuzima bwabantu, cyane cyane mumyaka 100.000 ishize mugihe abantu ba mbere bashingiraga guhiga ibiryo, uruhare rwarwo muri iki gihe ruratandukanye cyane. Muri societe ya none, guhiga byahindutse cyane cyane ibikorwa byo kwidagadura bikabije aho gukenera ibibatunga. Kubenshi mubahiga, ntabwo bikiri uburyo bwo kubaho ahubwo ni uburyo bwo kwidagadura bukunze kwangiza inyamaswa bitari ngombwa. Impamvu zitera guhiga muri iki gihe zisanzwe ziterwa no kwinezeza kugiti cyawe, gushaka ibikombe, cyangwa gushaka kwitabira imigenzo ya kera, aho gukenera ibiryo.

Mubyukuri, guhiga byagize ingaruka mbi ku baturage b’inyamaswa ku isi. Yagize uruhare runini mu kuzimangana kw'ibinyabuzima bitandukanye, hamwe n'ingero zigaragara zirimo ingwe ya Tasimani na auk nini, abaturage bayo bakaba bararimbuwe n'ubukorikori. Uku kuzimangana kwibabaje ni kwibutsa byimazeyo ingaruka zangiza guhiga abantu kwagize ku binyabuzima by’isi.

N'ubwo hafi 4 ku ijana by'abatuye Amerika, cyangwa miliyoni 14.4, ari bo bakora umwuga wo guhiga, ibyo bikorwa biracyemewe cyane mu turere twinshi turinzwe, harimo impunzi z’inyamanswa, amashyamba y’igihugu, na parike za Leta, ndetse no mu bindi bihugu rusange. Iyi nkunga yo guhiga ahantu rusange iteye impungenge, urebye ingaruka mbi igira ku nyamaswa n’ibinyabuzima. Buri mwaka, hafi 35 ku ijana by'abahigi bibasira kandi akenshi bica cyangwa bakomeretsa miliyoni z'inyamaswa ku butaka rusange, kandi mu gihe iyi mibare igereranya guhiga mu buryo bwemewe n'amategeko, abantu benshi bemeza ko guhiga bikabije ikibazo. Ba rushimusi bakora mu buryo butemewe n’amategeko, bivugwa ko bica inyamaswa nyinshi, niba atari nyinshi, nk’abahigi babifitemo uruhushya, bikagira uruhare mu guhungabanya umutekano w’ibinyabuzima.

Gukomeza guhiga muri utwo turere bitera kwibaza ibibazo byingenzi byimyitwarire. Ibikorwa nkibi, bigira uruhare mu mibabaro no kugabanuka kwabaturage b’inyamaswa, byakagombye kwemererwa mu bihugu bigamije kurengera ibidukikije? Ikigaragara ni uko guhiga, bimaze kuba ingenzi mu kubaho, byahindutse imyitozo yangiza kandi idakenewe igira ingaruka mbi ku nyamaswa n’uburinganire bworoshye bw’ibinyabuzima.

Imibabaro itagaragara: Ububabare bwihishe bwinyamaswa zikomeretse muguhiga

Ububabare nububabare akenshi nibisubizo bibabaje kubinyamaswa ziraswa nabahiga ariko ntibahite bicwa. Inyamaswa nyinshi zihanganira impfu ndende, zibabaza biturutse ku gukomeretsa no gusigara inyuma y'abahigi bananiwe kuzikiza. Kurugero, ubushakashatsi bwakozwe nimpongo 80 zera zifite umurizo wera zerekana ko impongo 22 zarashwe n’ibikoresho gakondo byo kurasa, ariko 11 muri zo zarakomeretse ziticiwe. Izi nyamaswa ntizabonye imbabazi zurupfu rwihuse ahubwo zahuye n’imvune igihe kirekire. Kubwamahirwe, inyinshi murizo nyamaswa zakomeretse ntizigera ziboneka cyangwa ngo zifashwe, kandi ibikomere byabo bikomeje kubatera ububabare nububabare bukabije mugihe bagerageza kubaho mwishyamba.

Iyi mibabaro igihe kirekire ntabwo ari ikibazo cyihariye. Mubyukuri, nikibazo gikwirakwira kigira ingaruka kumoko menshi. Ingunzu, kurugero, zifite amahirwe menshi yo gusigara akomeretse nabahiga. Igitangaje cya 20 ku ijana by'ingunzu zarashwe n'abahigi zisigara zikomeretse kandi zikongera kuraswa, bikarushaho kwiyongera. Ikibabaje ni uko hafi 10 ku ijana by'izo mbwebwe zishobora guhunga ibikomere byazo, ariko kuri benshi, ibisubizo ni bibi. Benshi mu barokotse bahura n'ikibazo kibabaje: inzara. Abaveterineri bavuga ko ibikomere byatewe no guhiga akenshi bituma bidashoboka ko ayo matungo ahiga cyangwa agaburira ibiryo neza, bigatuma ashobora kwibasirwa n'inzara ndetse n'urupfu rutinda, rubabaza.

Izi ngero zerekana ukuri kwubugome guhura ninyamaswa nyinshi ziba abahiga. Ububabare n'imibabaro biterwa n'impanuka zo guhiga akenshi ntibimenyekana, kuko abahiga bashobora kuba batazi ingaruka zirambye z'ibikorwa byabo. Nubwo inyamaswa zimwe na zimwe zidahita zicwa, uburambe bwabo bwububabare, ihahamuka, nurupfu rwa nyuma bigomba kwibutsa byimazeyo ubugome busanzwe bwo guhiga nkigikorwa cyo kwidagadura. Imibabaro yatewe nizi nyamaswa ntabwo ari akanya gato ko kubabara; irashobora kumara iminsi cyangwa ibyumweru mbere yuko inyamaswa amaherezo igwa mu mvune zayo, ibintu bikaba bitari ngombwa kandi biteye agahinda.

Iringanizwa rya Kamere Ryuzuye: Impamvu Guhiga bihungabanya urusobe rwibinyabuzima

Kamere yateje imbere gahunda zayo kugirango ibungabunge ibidukikije mu myaka ibihumbi. Ibinyabuzima byose, uhereye ku nyamaswa zangiza kugeza ku muhigo, bigira uruhare runini mu kubungabunga ubuzima bw’ibinyabuzima. Urugero, inyamaswa zangiza, zisanzwe zica abantu barwaye, abanyantege nke, cyangwa abasaza bava mu baturage bahiga, bityo bigashimangira ikidendezi cy’ubwoko. Iyi nzira karemano ituma abaturage bakomeza gukomera kandi bashoboye guhuza nibidukikije bihinduka. Iyo bidahungabanye, urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima rushobora gutera imbere no kwiyobora mu buryo bwuzuye bukomeza kubaho kw'ibinyabuzima byose.

Guhiga, ariko, bihagarika iyi ntera iringaniye. Aho kwibanda ku bantu barwaye cyangwa bafite intege nke, abahigi bakunze kwibasira inyamaswa zikomeye, zishoboye - izagira uruhare mu buzima rusange n’ubuzima bw’ibinyabuzima byabo. Mu kuvana abo bantu mu baturage, guhiga byangiza inzira karemano yo gutoranya no guca intege pisine, bigatuma amoko yibasirwa n’indwara n’imihindagurikire y’ibidukikije. Ingaruka zo guhungabana zirashobora kuba mbi, bigatuma igabanuka ryabaturage ndetse n’ubwoko bumwe na bumwe buzimangana.

Mubyongeyeho, iyo ibintu bisanzwe bitera abantu benshi, kamere ifite uburyo bwayo bwo kugenzura imibare. Kuba abaturage benshi bishobora gutera kubura ibiryo, ari nako bitera inzara, cyangwa bishobora gutera indwara. Nubwo ibi bintu bishobora kuba biteye agahinda, ni uburyo bwa kamere bwo kwemeza ko inyamaswa zifite ubuzima bwiza gusa zibaho, bityo bigashimangira abaturage muri rusange. Ibinyuranye na byo, kwivanga kwabantu binyuze mu guhiga bikuraho inzira karemano yo kugenzura abaturage, akenshi bikuraho abantu bafite ubuzima bwiza batitaye ku ngaruka ndende ku binyabuzima no ku bidukikije.

Ikindi gihangayikishije guhiga ni ukumenyekanisha amoko atari kavukire nkinyamaswa "umukino". Ubu bwoko bw’ibinyabuzima bwatangijwe hagamijwe gusa guhiga, burashobora guhungira mu gasozi kandi bukabangamira inyamaswa kavukire. Barashobora guhungabanya urunigi rwibiryo, bakarusha amoko kavukire kubutunzi, kandi bakananduza indwara amoko kavukire adafite ubudahangarwa. Igisubizo ni ingaruka zikomeye kandi zirambye kubidukikije kavukire, byangiza urusobe rwibinyabuzima nubuzima bwibidukikije.

Ubwanyuma, iyo abantu babangamiye gahunda karemano binyuze mu guhiga, bashobora guhungabanya sisitemu yahindutse kugirango ibungabunge uburinganire no gukomeza ubuzima ku isi. Igisubizo kiri mukubaha inzira za kamere no kwemerera inyamanswa gutera imbere nta ngaruka mbi ziterwa no gutabara kwabantu bitari ngombwa.

Ubugome bwa Canned: Ukuri kutagira ubumuntu kubwinyungu-nyungu zo guhiga

Guhiga kanseri, umuco ubera ahanini ku butaka bwite, ni bumwe mu buryo bubangamira cyane inyamaswa. Ibi bigamije guhiga inyungu, cyangwa ubworozi bwimikino, akenshi bikozwe muburyo bwihariye bwo guha abahigi bakize amahirwe yo kwica inyamaswa kubera siporo. Bitandukanye no guhiga gakondo, aho inyamaswa zizerera mu bwisanzure mu gasozi, abahigi bafunzwe bakorerwa ahantu hagenzurwa, aho inyamaswa zifite amahirwe make yo guhunga cyangwa kwirinda abahiga.

Mu guhiga ibisasu, inyamaswa - akenshi ni ubwoko kavukire cyangwa inyamaswa zidasanzwe - zigarukira mu gace gato cyane k'ubutaka, rimwe na rimwe ndetse no mu bigo, bigatuma bidashoboka ko bahunga. Ubusanzwe inyamaswa zororerwa hagamijwe gusa guhigwa, kandi inzira zose zateguwe kugirango umuhigi atsinde. Aba bahigi bakunze kuzamurwa muburyo bwo guhiga "siporo", ariko ntakindi uretse siporo. Ahubwo, ni ubwicanyi bworoshye, bwizewe ku muhigi, n'urupfu rubi kandi rutari rukenewe ku nyamaswa.

Inyamaswa zikoreshwa mu guhiga bukunze gukorerwa ibintu bibi mbere yo guhigwa. Benshi barezwe mubunyage, bamburwa imyitwarire karemano, kandi bafatwa nkibicuruzwa aho kubaho, kumva ibiremwa. Ubunararibonye burahahamura inyamaswa, zikunze guhangayika, imirire mibi, no gukorerwa ubugome mbere y’urupfu rwabo. Abahigi nibamara kwicwa, barashobora gutwara ibikombe by'inyamaswa nk'umutwe, uruhu, cyangwa amahembe - nk'urwibutso, bikarushaho gutesha agaciro inyamaswa no kubigabanya ibikombe gusa.

Imyitozo yo guhiga ibishishwa irariganya cyane kuko akenshi ikubiyemo kwica amoko yangiritse cyangwa yugarijwe. Icyifuzo cyo kwica izo nyamaswa zidasanzwe giterwa numwanya wo hejuru nicyubahiro bijyana no guhiga ibiremwa nkibi, kandi inyamaswa zikunze gushukwa muribi bihe binyuze mu kuroba cyangwa kwambura ibiryo n'amazi. Kuba abahigi bishyura amafaranga menshi kugirango bice ayo matungo bikomeza gusa ubugome bwubugome nubugome buterwa ninyungu.

Byongeye kandi, inyamaswa zikoreshwa muri ubwo buryo bwo guhiga ntizigirirwa nabi gusa; banagira uruhare mukwangiza ibidukikije byose. Kurandura izo nyamaswa mubidukikije byahungabanije inyamanswa zaho kandi bishobora kuvamo ubusumbane bwangiza urusobe rwagutse.

Muri make, guhiga byateguwe byerekana uburyo bwanyuma bwubugome bwinyamaswa - aho guhiga bitakiri ubuhanga cyangwa kubaho, ahubwo ni ubwicanyi bwateganijwe, bwunguka inyungu zinyamaswa zidafite amahirwe yo kurwanya abahiga bitwaje imbunda. Imyitozo nuburyo buteye ishozi bwo gukoresha butesha agaciro ubuzima bwinyamaswa kandi byangiza ubutagatifu bwibikorwa byo kubungabunga inyamaswa. Kurangiza guhiga byafunzwe ningirakamaro mu rugamba rwo kurinda inyamaswa no kugarura uburinganire bw’ibinyabuzima.

Abandi bahohotewe: Ingaruka zimpanuka zo guhiga no kwangiriza ingwate

Nubwo ibyinshi mu byibandwaho mu biganiro byerekeranye n’ibigo by’ubuhigi ku bahohotewe - nk’inyamaswa zigenewe siporo - hari izindi nzirakarengane zahohotewe n’iki gikorwa cy’urugomo. Impanuka zo guhiga zirasanzwe, kandi ibyangiritse byangiritse birenze kure umuhigo wagenewe. Umutungo ukunze kwangizwa mugihe cyo guhiga, kandi inyamaswa zitabarika ndetse nabantu basanga bafatiwe mumirwano, bakomeretse cyangwa bapfuye.

Imwe mu ngaruka zibabaza cyane zo guhiga ni ingaruka zitateganijwe zitera inyamaswa zororerwa. Ifarashi, inka, imbwa, ninjangwe birashobora kuraswa ku bw'impanuka cyangwa gukomereka mu gihe cyo guhiga. Izi nyamaswa, akenshi inyamanswa cyangwa amatungo, zirashobora kuzerera aho zihiga cyangwa gufatwa mumurongo wumuriro, bikaviramo gukomeretsa cyangwa gupfa. Rimwe na rimwe, abahigi barashobora kwibeshya imbwa ku nyamaswa yo mu gasozi, bigatuma abantu barasa. Amarangamutima kuri ba nyiri amatungo ni menshi, kuko babura amatungo akunda hamwe nabagenzi kubera uburangare cyangwa uburangare bwabahigi.

Ba mukerarugendo n'abakunzi bo hanze nabo bafite ibyago mubice byiganjemo guhiga. Abantu binjira mu mashyamba, parike, hamwe n’ibidukikije kugira ngo bishimishe akenshi ntibazi ko guhiga bibera hafi. Impanuka zo guhiga, nk'amasasu yazimiye cyangwa umuriro, zirashobora gukomeretsa ubuzima cyangwa urupfu. Izi ngaruka ntizireba abantu bakora cyane mu butayu gusa ahubwo no ku miryango, abana, n'amatungo yishimira ubwiza bwa kamere.

Imbwa, byumwihariko, zihura ningaruka zikomeye mugihe cyo guhiga, cyane cyane iyo zikoreshwa mugukurikirana cyangwa kwirukana umukino. Mu bahigi benshi - cyane cyane mu buryo butemewe cyangwa butemewe - imbwa zikoreshwa mu kwirukana, gufata, cyangwa no kumanura umuhigo munini nk'idubu, cougars, n'impongo. Mugihe imbwa zishobora gutozwa iyo mirimo, akenshi ziterwa nibibazo kandi birashobora gukomeretsa cyangwa gupfa muribwo buryo. Ku bijyanye no guhiga mu buryo butemewe, aho usanga bidakurikiranwa neza, inyamaswa zishobora gukorerwa ubugome bukabije ndetse n’umubiri kuko zihatirwa gukurikirana inyamaswa zimaze gutotezwa cyangwa gukomeretsa.

Usibye ingaruka zishobora guterwa ninyamaswa n'abantu, guhiga binashyira imihangayiko ikomeye kubidukikije. Iyo inyamaswa nk'idubu, imbwebwe, cyangwa impongo zirukanwe n'imbwa cyangwa abahigi, barashobora guhatirwa guhunga aho batuye, bagahungabanya inyamaswa zaho kandi bagahungabanya uburinganire bw’ibinyabuzima. Ihahamuka ryatewe n’izi nyamaswa rishobora kugira ingaruka zirambye ku buzima bwabo no ku mibereho yabo, ndetse biganisha no guhungabanya umutekano w’abaturage.

Ubwanyuma, impanuka zo guhiga zerekana ibibazo byinshi hamwe nicyo bita "siporo." Ingaruka yangiza irenze abahohotewe, igera mubuzima bwinyamaswa, imiryango, ndetse na kamere ubwayo. Nibutsa imiterere itavangura yo guhiga hamwe nuburyo bwinshi bwimibabaro itera kubantu bakunze kwibagirana - inyamaswa nabantu batagenewe kwibasirwa, ariko bababaye nonese. Ingaruka zo guhiga zirageze kure, kandi igihe cyose iyi myitozo izakomeza, inzirakarengane nyinshi zizafatirwa mu muriro.

Icyo Wakora: Gufata ingamba zo kurwanya ubugome bwo guhiga

Niba uhangayikishijwe no guhiga ubugome, hari inzira nyinshi ushobora gukora. Buri gikorwa, nubwo cyaba gito, gishobora gufasha kurinda inyamaswa no kugabanya ingaruka ziterwa no guhiga. Dore uko ushobora gutanga umusanzu:

1. Kunganira amategeko akomeye

Shyigikira amategeko agabanya ibikorwa byo guhiga bitemewe, nko guhiga no guhiga ibikombe. Menyesha abadepite kugirango ushimangire amategeko akomeye yo kurengera inyamaswa no kubahiriza.

2. Shyigikira Amashyirahamwe arengera inyamaswa

Gutanga, kwitanga, cyangwa gukwirakwiza ubumenyi ku matsinda nka Sosiyete ya Humane na Federasiyo y’ibinyabuzima, ikora mu kurengera inyamaswa no kurangiza ibikorwa byangiza.

3. Iyigishe hamwe n'abandi

Wige ingaruka mbi zo guhiga kandi usangire abandi bumenyi. Imbuga nkoranyambaga ni urubuga rwiza rwo gukwirakwiza ubumenyi no gushishikariza impinduka.

4. Hitamo ubundi buryo bwiza

Gerageza gufotora inyamanswa, kureba inyoni, cyangwa gutembera ahantu harinzwe aho guhiga. Shyigikira ubuturo bwera n’inyamanswa zishyira imbere kwita ku nyamaswa no kubungabunga.

5. Guhakana Guhiga bijyanye nubucuruzi

Irinde ubucuruzi buteza imbere guhiga, nko kugurisha ibikoresho byo guhiga cyangwa gutanga ingendo zo guhiga. Guhitamo kwawe byohereze ubutumwa kubyerekeye imyifatire yawe yo guhiga.

6. Shigikira Kubungabunga Ibinyabuzima Birambye

Subira inyuma yibanda ku kubungabunga inyamaswa n’ibinyabuzima nta guhiga, nko gusana aho gutura ndetse n’ingamba zo kurwanya inyamanswa.

7. Witoze ubukerarugendo bwimpuhwe

Hitamo ahantu nyaburanga hashobora gukorerwa ubukerarugendo bushingiye ku nyamaswa, nk'ibinyabuzima ndetse na parike z'igihugu, zishyira imbere kurinda inyamaswa no kubungabunga kuruta guhiga.

8. Gira uruhare mu buvugizi bwaho

Injira mu bikorwa byo kurengera inyamaswa zaho, witabire imyigaragambyo n’ubukangurambaga, kandi ukorana n’abadepite mu gukangurira abantu akamaro ko kurinda inyamaswa.

9. Vuga Kurwanya Igikombe Guhiga no guhiga

Gukangurira abantu kumenya ubugome bwo guhiga ibikombe no guhiga. Vuga ukoresheje imbuga nkoranyambaga, wandikire abahagarariye, cyangwa witabire imyigaragambyo yo guhagarika ibyo bikorwa.

Ufashe ibyo bikorwa, urashobora gufasha kugabanya ubugome bwo guhiga no gutanga umusanzu mwisi aho inyamaswa zubahwa kandi zikarindwa. Imbaraga zose zibarwa mukurwanira imibereho yinyamaswa.