Inkulumompikiswano emayelana namalungelo ezilwane kanye nenhlalakahle embonini yenyama ibe yimpikiswano futhi eqhubekayo. Njengoba isidingo semikhiqizo yenyama silokhu sikhula, kuyanda nokucutshungulwa kokuphathwa kwezilwane ohlelweni lokukhiqiza inyama. Njengoba izishoshovu zezilwane nezinhlangano zifuna imikhuba emihle neyobuntu, imboni yenyama ibe ngaphansi kwengcindezi yokubhekana nalokhu kukhathazeka. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kuye kwaba nokudalulwa okuningi kanye nophenyo oluye lwasikhanyisela ngokuphathwa kabi kwezilwane ngokuvamile okunonya kanye nonya emapulazini ezimboni nasezilaheni. Lokhu kuye kwasusa ingxoxo yomhlaba wonke mayelana nemithelela yokuziphatha embonini yenyama kanye nokuphathwa kwezilwane ngendlela efanele. Nakuba abanye bephikisana ngokuthi izilwane kufanele zibe namalungelo afanayo nawabantu, abanye bakholelwa ukuthi ukudla inyama kuyingxenye engokwemvelo nedingekayo yokuphila komuntu. Kulesi sihloko, sizocubungula odabeni oluyinkimbinkimbi futhi oluningiliziwe lwamalungelo ezilwane kanye nenhlalakahle embonini yenyama, sihlola izinhlangothi zombili zengxabano futhi sihlole izixazululo ezingaba khona zendlela yobuntu kanye nezimiso zokuziphatha zokukhiqiza inyama.
Izikhalo eziphathelene nokulima kwasefekthri.
Ukulima kwasefekthri sekunesikhathi eside kuyisihloko esikhathazayo ngokuziphatha, kuphakamisa imibuzo mayelana nokuphathwa kwezilwane, umthelela wendawo, kanye nobungozi empilweni yabantu. Okunye okubalulekile okukhathazayo okuphathelene nokuziphatha kuhlobene nokuvalelwa kanye nezimo zokuphila kwezilwane emapulazini emboni. Izilwane zivame ukugcinwa ezimweni eziminyene futhi ezingahlanzekile, azikwazi ukuzibandakanya ekuziphatheni kwemvelo noma ukufinyelela ezindaweni ezivulekile. Lokhu kuphakamisa imibuzo yokuziphatha mayelana nenhlalakahle eyisisekelo kanye nezinga lempilo ezitholwa yilezi zilwane. Ukwengeza, izinqubo zokulima zasefekthri zinomthelela ekulimazeni imvelo ngokusebenzisa ngokweqile izinsiza ezifana namanzi nomhlaba, kanye nokukhipha ukungcola emoyeni nasemigudwini yamanzi. Imithelela kuma-ecosystem endawo kanye ne-biodiversity ibalulekile. Ngokombono wezempilo yomuntu, ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kwama-antibiotics ekulimeni kwefekthri kunomthelela ekwandeni kwamagciwane amelana nama-antibiotic, okubeka engcupheni impilo yomphakathi. Lokhu kukhathazeka okuphathelene nokulima kwasefekthri kugqamisa isidingo sokuhlolwa okubucayi kwezinqubo zamanje kanye nokuqaliswa kokunye okusimeme kanye nobuntu embonini yenyama.
Umthelela wokulwela amalungelo ezilwane.
Imizamo yokulwela amalungelo ezilwane ibe nomthelela omkhulu ekuqwashiseni ngenhlalakahle yezilwane embonini yenyama. Izishoshovu ziye zasikhanyisela ngezimo nemikhuba enonya ekhona emapulazini efektri, okuholela ekwandeni kokuhlolwa kanye nesidingo sokuphathwa kahle kwezilwane. Ngenxa yale mizamo, kube nomnyakazo okhulayo obheke kwezinye izindlela zokulima, njengokulima okuphilayo kanye nezinhlelo ze-free-range, ezibeka phambili inhlalakahle yezilwane futhi zinikeze izilwane izimo zokuphila zemvelo ezengeziwe. Ukulwela amalungelo ezilwane nakho kube nomthelela ekuziphatheni kwabathengi, ngenani elandayo labantu abakhetha ukudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni kanye nokufuna imikhiqizo yokudla engenalo unya. Ngokugqugquzela kanye nemikhankaso yabo, abashisekeli bamalungelo ezilwane baye baba nesandla ekuqhubekiseni izinguquko embonini yenyama kanye nokugqugquzela indlela enozwelo neqhubekayo kwezolimo zezilwane.
Iqhaza lemithetho kahulumeni.
Imithetho kahulumeni idlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuvikeleka kanye nenhlalakahle yezilwane embonini yenyama. Le mithethonqubo isungula imihlahlandlela namazinga okumele abakhiqizi bawalandele ukuze baqinisekise ukuphathwa kobuntu kwezilwane kukho konke ukuphila kwabo. Ama-ejensi kahulumeni anomthwalo wemfanelo wokuqapha nokuphoqelela le mithethonqubo, enze ukuhlola ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthotshelwa nokuthatha izinyathelo ezifanele ngokumelene nabaphula umthetho. Ngokusebenzisa nokuphoqelela imithetho enjalo, ohulumeni bangenza imboni yenyama iphendule ngemikhuba yabo futhi bakhuthaze inhlalakahle yezilwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imithetho kahulumeni ingasiza futhi ekulinganiseni izinqubo zemboni, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi bonke abakhiqizi bahlangabezana nezinga elifanayo lezindinganiso zenhlalakahle yezilwane. Lokhu akuzuzisi izilwane kuphela kodwa futhi kunikeza abathengi ukubonakala nokuzethemba emikhiqizweni abayithengayo. Sekukonke, imithetho kahulumeni iyingxenye ebalulekile ekuvikeleni amalungelo ezilwane kanye nenhlalakahle embonini yenyama.
Isibopho sabathengi ekusekeleni inhlalakahle.
Abathengi nabo baneqhaza elikhulu okufanele balibambe ekusekeleni inhlalakahle yezilwane embonini yenyama. Kubalulekile ukuthi abathengi baqaphele izimo lapho izilwane zikhuliswa futhi zigaywe ukuze zikhiqize inyama. Ngokwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi kanye nokufuna imikhiqizo yenyama ekhiqizwa ngokuhambisana nezindinganiso eziphakeme zenhlalakahle yezilwane, abathengi bangathumela umlayezo ocacile embonini ukuthi bayakwazisa futhi babeke phambili inhlalakahle yezilwane. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokubheka amalebula noma izitifiketi ezibonisa ukunamathela ezindinganisweni ezithile zenhlalakahle yezilwane, ukusekela abalimi bendawo nabaphilayo ababeka kuqala imikhuba yobuntu, nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwenyama iyonke ngokuhlanganisa ezinye izindlela ezisekelwe ezitshalweni ekudleni kwabo. Isidingo sabathengi sinethonya elinamandla emakethe, futhi ngokusekela ngenkuthalo inhlalakahle yezilwane ezinqumweni zabo zokuthenga, abathengi bangaqhuba ushintsho oluhle futhi bakhuthaze imboni ukuthi ibeke phambili ukuphathwa kwezilwane okunesimilo.
Ezinye izindlela zokukhiqiza inyama yesintu.
Ukugxila kwamalungelo ezilwane kanye nenhlalakahle embonini yenyama kuye kwaholela ekukhuleni kwesithakazelo kwezinye izindlela ezingasetshenziswa esikhundleni sokukhiqizwa kwenyama yendabuko. Okunye okungenziwa esikhundleni senyama esekwe ezitshalweni, ezenziwe ngezithako ezifana nesoya, uphizi namakhowe. Le mikhiqizo ihlose ukuphindaphinda ukunambitheka, ukuthungwa, kanye nokubukeka kwenyama yendabuko, inikeze inketho eyanelisayo kulabo abafuna ukunciphisa noma ukuqeda ukusetshenziswa kwabo kwemikhiqizo yezilwane. Okunye okuzuzwayo yinyama ekhulisiwe noma ekhule elebhu, ekhiqizwa ngokutshala amaseli ezilwane endaweni yelebhu. Le ndlela iqeda isidingo sokuhlatshwa kwezilwane futhi inciphisa umthelela wemvelo ohambisana nokufuywa kwendabuko. Nakuba kusesigabeni sokuqala, lezi zindlela ezihlukile zinamandla okuguqula imboni yenyama ngokunikeza izinketho ezizinzile nezinobuntu kubathengi.
Izitifiketi zenhlalakahle yezilwane namalebula.
Izitifiketi namalebula adlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukubeka izinto obala kanye nokuziphendulela emazingeni enhlalakahle yezilwane embonini yenyama. Lezi zitifiketi zinikeza abathengi ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nezimo lapho izilwane zakhuliswa khona kanye nemikhuba eyasetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni kwazo. Isibonelo, amalebula afana nokuthi "Umuntu Oqinisekisiwe" kanye "Nenhlalakahle Yezilwane Kuvunyelwe" abonisa ukuthi izilwane zikhuliswe ezindaweni ezibeka phambili inhlalakahle yazo, okuhlanganisa ukufinyelela ezindaweni ezingaphandle, ukudla okunomsoco, kanye nokukhululeka ekucindezelekeni okungadingekile noma ukuvalelwa. Lezi zitifiketi zisebenza njengomhlahlandlela wabathengi ababeka phambili ukusekela izinqubo zokulima ezilungile nezinobuntu. Ngokukhetha imikhiqizo enalezi zitifiketi, abathengi bangaba neqhaza elikhulu ekukhuthazeni amazinga aphezulu enhlalakahle yezilwane ngaphakathi kwemboni yenyama.
Ukubaluleka kokungafihli embonini.
Emkhakheni wamalungelo ezilwane kanye nenhlalakahle embonini yenyama, ukubeka izinto obala kudlala indima ebalulekile ekukhuthazeni ukwethembana nokuziphendulela. Ukuvuleleka nokwethembeka mayelana nezimo lapho izilwane zikhuliswa futhi zicutshungulwa khona kubalulekile ekuvumeleni abathengi ukuba benze izinqumo ezinolwazi. Ngokufinyelela olwazini olusobala, abathengi bangahlola imikhuba yokuziphatha neyobuntu esetshenziswa ababambiqhaza bemboni yenyama. Lokhu kubeka izinto obala kuvumela ukucutshungulwa okwengeziwe futhi kukhuthaza abadlali bemboni ukuthi babeke phambili inhlalakahle yezilwane futhi benze intuthuko edingekayo. Ukwengeza, ukubeka izinto obala kukhuthaza ukuxoxisana nokusebenzisana phakathi kwababambe iqhaza, kudaleke amathuba okusungula izinto ezintsha kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinqubo zokulima ezizinzile nezinobuntu. Ngokubeka izinto obala kuqala, imboni ingakha ukwethembeka, ikhuthaze ukwethenjwa kwabathengi, futhi ekugcineni yenze kube noshintsho oluhle oluya kumalungelo ezilwane ezingcono kanye namazinga ezenhlalakahle.
Izindlela zokusekela izinqubo zokuziphatha.
Ukusekela imikhuba yokuziphatha endaweni yamalungelo ezilwane kanye nenhlalakahle embonini yenyama, kunezinyathelo ezimbalwa abantu nezinhlangano abangazithatha. Okokuqala, abathengi bangenza izinqumo ezihlakaniphile ngokukhetha imikhiqizo egunyazwe izinhlangano zezenhlalakahle zezilwane ezihlonishwayo. Lezi zitifiketi, ezifana nelebula eligunyazwe yi-Animal Welfare Approved noma ilebula ye-Certified Humane, ibonisa ukuthi izilwane zakhuliswa futhi zacutshungulwa ngokulandela izindinganiso zokuziphatha eziqinile. Ngokuthenga le mikhiqizo eqinisekisiwe, abathengi bangakwazi ukusekela futhi bakhuthaze izinqubo zokuziphatha ezinomthwalo wemfanelo ngaphakathi kwemboni. Ukwengeza, ukuzibandakanya engxoxweni evulekile nabalimi bendawo kanye nabafuyi ababeka phambili inhlalakahle yezilwane kunganikeza imininingwane ebalulekile futhi kube negalelo ekukhuthazeni imikhuba yokuziphatha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusekela imizamo yomthetho kanye nokumela imithetho eqinile yezenhlalakahle yezilwane kungaba nomthelela omkhulu ekuthuthukiseni izindinganiso zemboni. Ngokuhlanganisa amandla nabantu abanomqondo ofanayo nezinhlangano, kungenzeka ukudala izwi elihlangene elidinga ushintsho futhi likhuthaze ububele obukhulu ezilwaneni ngaphakathi kwemboni yenyama.
Sengiphetha, indaba yamalungelo ezilwane kanye nenhlalakahle embonini yenyama iyinkimbinkimbi futhi inezici eziningi. Nakuba kukhona ngokuqinisekile ukukhathazeka okuphathelene nokuziphatha okuphathelene nokuphathwa kwezilwane ohlelweni lokukhiqiza inyama, kukhona futhi ukucatshangelwa kwezomnotho nokusebenzayo okufanele kucatshangelwe. Njengabathengi, kubalulekile ngathi ukuba saziswe futhi senze izinqumo ezinengqondo mayelana nemikhiqizo yenyama esiyidlayo, kanye nokumela amazinga nemithethonqubo engcono embonini. Ekugcineni, kukithina sonke ukudlala indima ekudaleni imboni yenyama enesimilo futhi esimeme ukuze kuphile kahle kokubili izilwane kanye nemvelo.
FAQ
Izishoshovu zamalungelo ezilwane ziphikisana kanjani nokuphathwa kwezilwane embonini yenyama?
Izishoshovu zamalungelo ezilwane ziphikisana nokuphathwa kahle kwezilwane embonini yenyama ngokugqamisa unya nokuhlupheka okukhona ezenzweni zokulima efekthri. Baphikisa ngokuthi izilwane ezifuyelwa inyama zivame ukugcwala ngokweqile nezingahlanzekile, zicwiywe ngendlela evamile, nezindlela zokuhlaba ngonya. Izishoshovu ziphinde zigcizelele amalungelo ezilwane, zithi zifanelwe ukuphathwa ngenhlonipho futhi zingathathwa njengezinto ezidliwa ngabantu. Balwela ukukhetha okunye ukudla, njengokudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni, futhi bafuna imithetho eqinile kanye nokuqiniswa komthetho ukuze kuqinisekiswe izimo ezingcono zezilwane embonini yenyama.
Yiziphi ezinye izinqubo ezijwayelekile embonini yenyama ezithathwa njengezingenabuntu ezilwaneni?
Eminye imikhuba ejwayelekile embonini yenyama ethathwa njengengenabuntu ezilwaneni ihlanganisa ukuvalelwa kakhulu ezindaweni ezincane, njengamakheji ebhethri ezinkukhu noma amakhreyithi okumitha ezingulube; ukusetshenziswa njalo kwama-antibiotics nama-hormone okukhula; izinqubo ezibuhlungu ezifana nokukhipha izimpondo noma ukuhlehlisa ngaphandle kokubulala izinzwa; nezindlela zokuhlaba ezingase zidale ukuhlupheka okungadingekile, njengokumangazayo okungasebenzi noma ukuphatha ngendlela engafanele. Le mikhuba idale ukukhathazeka ngokuziphatha futhi yaholela ekufuneni ukuphathwa kobuntu okwengeziwe kwezilwane embonini yenyama.
Ihluka kanjani imithetho nemithetho yezenhlalakahle yezilwane emazweni ahlukene embonini yenyama?
Imithetho nemithetho yezenhlalakahle yezilwane iyahluka kakhulu emazweni ahlukene embonini yenyama. Amanye amazwe anemithetho eqinile nemithetho ephoqelelayo ebeka inhlalakahle yezilwane kuqala, enezindinganiso eziqinile zezindlu, ezokuthutha, nezinqubo zokuhlaba. Amanye amazwe angase abe nemithethonqubo entekenteke noma engaphoqelelwe kangako, okuholela ezimweni ezingase zibe ngaphansi kwezinga ezilwaneni. Izinga lokukhathazeka ngenhlalakahle yezilwane nalo liyahlukahluka ngokwesiko, kanti amanye amazwe abeka ukugcizelela okukhulu ekuphathweni kobuntu kwezilwane kunamanye. Ukwengeza, imithetho yezohwebo neyokungeniswa/yokuthekelisa emhlabeni jikelele ingaba nomthelela ezimisweni zenhlalakahle yezilwane embonini yenyama, njengoba amazwe engase abe nezidingo ezihlukene zemikhiqizo engenisiwe.
Yimiphi imiphumela engaba khona yokungaxazululi izinkinga zenhlalakahle yezilwane embonini yenyama?
Imiphumela engaba khona yokungaxazululi izinkinga zenhlalakahle yezilwane embonini yenyama miningi. Okokuqala, kungaholela ekwandeni kokuhlehla komphakathi kanye nokuduba kwabathengi, kulimaze isithunzi nokuzinza kwezezimali kubakhiqizi benyama. Okwesibili, kungaholela ekwehleni kokuthenjwa komphakathi kanye nokuthenjwa kwemboni yonkana. Ukwengeza, ukunganaki inhlalakahle yezilwane kungaholela ekukhathazekeni kokuziphatha nokuziphatha, kubangele ukucindezeleka kanye nomuzwa wecala phakathi kwabathengi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungaba nomthelela omubi kwezemvelo, njengoba ukulima ngokujulile kungaba nomthelela ekungcoleni nasekugawulweni kwamahlathi. Okokugcina, ukungaxazululi izinkinga zenhlalakahle yezilwane kungase kuholele ekwandeni kokuhlolwa kokulawula kanye nemiphumela engase ibe khona yezomthetho ezinkampanini ezingayithobeli imithetho.
Ingabe zikhona ezinye izindlela zokulima noma izinqubo ezibeka phambili inhlalakahle yezilwane kuyilapho zisahlangabezana nesidingo senyama?
Yebo, kunezinye izindlela zokulima nezinqubo ezibeka phambili inhlalakahle yezilwane kuyilapho zisahlangabezana nesidingo senyama. Enye yezindlela ezinjalo ukulima okusekelwe emadlelweni, lapho izilwane zivunyelwa ukuba zidle emadlelweni avulekile, okuzinikeza indawo yemvelo nekhululekile. Le ndlela iqinisekisa ukuthi izilwane zinendawo yokuhamba, ukufinyelela emoyeni ohlanzekile, nokudla okuhlukahlukene. Enye indlela ukulima okuvuselelayo, okugxile ekuthuthukiseni impilo yomhlabathi kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, ukunciphisa isidingo sezinto zokwenziwa kanye nokuthuthukisa inhlalakahle yezilwane. Ukwengeza, kunentshisekelo ekhulayo enyameni ekhuliswe elebhu noma ekhulisiwe, ehlanganisa ukukhiqiza inyama ngamangqamuzana ezilwane ngaphandle kokukhulisa noma ukuhlaba izilwane, ukunikeza enye indlela engenalo unya.