Guhinga Uruganda: Inganda Inyuma Zinyama n’amata

Mu buhinzi bwuruganda, imikorere irashyirwa imbere kuruta ibindi byose. Ubusanzwe inyamaswa zororerwa ahantu hanini, zifunze aho zipakiye hamwe kugirango umubare w’inyamaswa zishobora kororerwa ahantu runaka. Iyi myitozo itanga umusaruro mwinshi nigiciro gito, ariko akenshi biza byangiza ubuzima bwinyamaswa.
Muri iyi ngingo, uzasangamo ibintu byose ukeneye kumenya kubijyanye n'ubuhinzi bwo muruganda.

Ubworozi bw'uruganda muri Amerika bukubiyemo inyamaswa zitandukanye, zirimo inka, ingurube, inkoko, inkoko, n'amafi.

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Uruganda ruhingwa Inkoko & Hens

Ubworozi bw'uruganda rw'inkoko burimo ibyiciro bibiri by'ingenzi: byororerwa kubyara inyama n'izikoreshwa mu gutera amagi.

Ubuzima bwinkoko za Broiler mumirima yinganda

Inkoko zororerwa ku nyama, cyangwa inkoko za broiler, akenshi zihanganira ibihe bibi mubuzima bwabo. Muri ibi bihe harimo ahantu huzuye abantu benshi kandi badafite isuku, bishobora gutera guhangayika, gukomeretsa, no gukwirakwiza indwara. Ubworozi bwatoranijwe bwinkoko za broiler kugirango zikure vuba kandi zongere umusaruro winyama zirashobora kuvamo ibibazo byubuzima nkubumuga bwa skeletale, ibibazo byumutima, hamwe nubudahangarwa bw'umubiri.

Igikorwa cyo gutwara inkoko mu ibagiro nacyo kirashobora guhangayikisha no guhahamuka. Inyoni zirashobora guhurira mu bisanduku igihe kirekire zitabonye ibiryo cyangwa amazi, kandi zishobora gukomereka mugihe cyo gutwara no gutwara.

Inkoko nyinshi za broiler zororerwa muri sisitemu yo kwifungisha igabanya ingendo zabo nimyitwarire isanzwe. Ntibashobora na rimwe kubona urumuri rw'izuba, umwuka mwiza, cyangwa amahirwe yo kwishora mubikorwa nko kurisha no kwiyuhagira ivumbi. Ahubwo, ubuzima bwabo bumara mububiko bwaka cyane, bahagaze kumyanda cyangwa hasi.
Mu buhinzi bw'uruganda, inkoko zororerwa inyama zazo zirahura n'ingaruka mbi. Mubisanzwe baricwa bakoresheje uburyo nkubwogero bwamazi yamashanyarazi cyangwa gaze. Kubijyanye no kwiyuhagira amazi yumuriro, inkoko zabanje gutungurwa mbere yo kubagwa. Bamanikwa hejuru y'ibirenge byabo kuri convoyeur hanyuma bakajyanwa mu bwogero bw'amazi, aho imitwe yabo yibizwa mu mazi. Nyuma yo kuva mu bwogero, umuhogo wabo uracitse.

Ni ngombwa kumenya ko inkoko ari ibiremwa bifite ubwenge bishobora kumva ubwoba nububabare. Kimwe n'abantu hamwe nandi matungo, bafite icyifuzo gisanzwe cyo kubaho. Iyi mitekerereze ikunze kubatera kuzamura imitwe mugihe gitangaje mugushaka kwirinda amazi yamashanyarazi, bigatuma inkoko zimwe zibagwa mugihe zikizi. Uku kuri kuragaragaza impungenge zijyanye no kuvura inkoko mu nganda zinyama.

Ubuzima bwamagi yamagi mu buhinzi bwuruganda

Kuvura inkoko zikoreshwa mu gutanga amagi mu bucuruzi bw’amagi bitera impungenge zikomeye. Izi mpungenge zishingiye ku bihe inkoko zibikwa hamwe n’imikorere ikoreshwa mu nganda.

Inkoko mu bicuruzwa by’amagi ikunze kubikwa mu kato karimo abantu benshi, aho babuze umwanya wo kwishora mu myitwarire isanzwe nko kurambura amababa, guhagarara, cyangwa kwiyuhagira ivumbi. Ibi bihe bigoye birashobora gutera guhangayika, gukomeretsa, no gukwirakwiza indwara mu nyoni.

Byongeye kandi, imyitozo yo gutema umunwa, ikorwa kugirango wirinde gukomeretsa no gukomeretsa mu bihe byinshi, birashobora gutera ububabare no kubangamira ubushobozi bw’inkoko zo kurya no kwitegura neza.

Ikindi kibazo cyimyitwarire ni uguta inkoko zabagabo mu nganda zamagi. Kubera ko inkoko zabagabo zidatera amagi kandi zidakwiriye kubyara inyama, akenshi zifatwa nkizidafite akamaro mu bukungu kandi zikajugunywa nyuma gato yo kumera. Uburyo bwo kujugunya burimo kubasya ari bazima cyangwa kubihumeka ari benshi.

Inka zororerwa mu ruganda 

Mu murima w’uruganda, inka zikunze kugarukira gusa ku bantu benshi kandi rimwe na rimwe bakaba badafite isuku, ibyo bikaba bishobora gutera guhangayika, kutamererwa neza, n’ibibazo by’ubuzima ku nyamaswa. Ibi bintu birashobora kubabuza kwishora mubikorwa bisanzwe nko kurisha no gusabana, bigatuma imibereho igabanuka.

Kimwe n'abantu, inka zitanga amata cyane cyane ku rubyaro rwabo. Nyamara, mu nganda z’amata, igitsina gore cyatewe mu buryo bwa gihanga gusa kugira ngo gitange amata. Inyana z'umugore zimaze kuvuka, akenshi zihanganira ubuzima zigaragaza ba nyina ', mu gihe inyana zigera ku bihumbi 700 zihura n’ibihe bibi, bigenewe kubyara inyana.

Ubuzima bw'inka y'amata nimwe mu kwifungisha no gukoreshwa. Bafungiwe mu ngo, bahatirwa kunyura inyuma bakerekeza kuri sitasiyo y’amata aho bakorerwa amata, ibicuruzwa bigenewe inyana zabo kuvanwa ku gahato. Tuvuze kuri izo nyana, zihita zitandukana na ba nyina mu masaha make bavutse, zimurirwa mu kazu katarimo aho hafi 60 ku ijana bihanganira guhambira, bikababuza imyitwarire karemano, mu gihe abantu barya amata yagenewe kugaburira.

Mugihe izo nyana zikiri nto zikuze, zikora inzira zibabaza zirimo kuranga, kwangiza, no gufunga umurizo. Nubwo ari ibiremwa bisanzwe byimibereho nababyeyi bafite ubuzima busanzwe bwimyaka 20, inka zamata zihura nukuri. Iyo amata yabo agabanutse, mubisanzwe hafi yimyaka itatu cyangwa ine, boherezwa kubaga inyama zo murwego rwo hasi cyangwa kubyara uruhu.

Ubugome busanzwe mu nganda z’amata butera kwibaza ku myitwarire yacu ku bijyanye no gufata inyamaswa na sisitemu zishyigikira ibikorwa nk'ibi.

Uruganda rwamafi

Ubwinshi bw’amafi akoreshwa mu gukoresha abantu buratangaje, buri mwaka amafi agera kuri miriyoni eshatu yicwa buri mwaka. Nubwo ifite ubushobozi bwo kumva ububabare, umunezero, n'amarangamutima atandukanye, amafi ahabwa uburinzi buke mu mategeko, bigatuma bafatwa nabi haba mu bworozi bw'amafi ndetse no mu gasozi.

Nka nyababyeyi yo mu mazi, amafi afite ibyumviro byateye imbere cyane, harimo uburyohe, impumuro nziza, hamwe niyerekwa ryamabara, hamwe na sisitemu ihanitse yumurongo ugaragaza icyerekezo, amafi yegeranye, hamwe ninyambo. Ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi bwerekanye imyumvire yabo, bugaragaza urwego rwubwenge burenze imyumvire isanzwe, nko kwibuka igihe kirekire, imiterere yimibereho igoye, ubushobozi bwo gukemura ibibazo, ndetse no gukoresha ibikoresho.

Ejo hazaza h’abatuye amafi ni mabi, hamwe n’ubuhanuzi bwerekana ko izasenyuka mu 2048 kubera kuroba cyane, mu gihe ubworozi bw’amafi bukomeje kwaguka vuba. Kuva kuri 5% gusa mu 1970, kimwe cya kabiri cyamafi akoreshwa kwisi yose ubu akomoka mumirima, amafi yororerwa ari hagati ya miliyari 40-120 buri mwaka.

Ubworozi bukomeye bw’amafi, bwaba imbere mu gihugu cyangwa mu nyanja zishingiye ku nyanja, butanga amafi ahantu habi ndetse n’amazi afite urugero rwa ammoniya na nitrate, bikanduza indwara ya parasitike n'indwara ziterwa na bagiteri. Igitangaje ni uko amafi yo muri Amerika abura gukingirwa n’itegeko ryica abantu, biganisha ku buryo butandukanye bwo kubaga bunyamaswa bushingiye ku nganda.

Ibikorwa bisanzwe byo kubaga birimo kuvana amafi mumazi, bigatuma bahumeka kandi bagapfa nkuko gilles zabo zisenyuka, cyangwa guhuza amoko manini nka tuna n amafi yinkota, akenshi bikaviramo gukubitwa inshuro nyinshi kubera ubwenge butuzuye. Iyi myitozo irashimangira ko byihutirwa gukosorwa amabwiriza no gutekereza ku myitwarire myiza mu gutunganya amafi haba mu buhinzi n’uburobyi.

Ingurube Zihinga Ingurube

Ukuri guhinga uruganda rwingurube ni itandukaniro rinini cyane nishusho idiliki ikunze kugaragara mubitangazamakuru. Ingurube nukuri ni inyamanswa mbonezamubano kandi zifite ubwenge, zigaragaza amatsiko, gukina, no gukundwa mumatsinda mato. Ariko, mumirima yinganda, ingurube zihanganira imibabaro ikabije kumubiri no mubitekerezo no kubura.

Ingurube zitwite zigarukira ku bisanduku byo gusama, binini cyane kuruta imibiri yabo, igihe batwite. Izi nkambi zubugome zibabuza gutera intambwe nimwe mu cyerekezo icyo aricyo cyose, bigatera imihangayiko ikomeye no kutamererwa neza. Nyuma yo kubyara, ingurube z'ababyeyi zimurirwa mu bisanduku bigenda neza, nubwo binini cyane, bikomeza kubuza kugenda no kwitwara neza.

Gutandukanya ingurube na ba nyina bakiri bato ni ibintu bisanzwe mu mirima y’uruganda, ingurube zororerwa mu biraro byuzuye no mu bigega kugeza zigeze ku buremere bw’isoko. Ingurube z'abagabo zikunze gukorerwa inzira zibabaza nko guta nta anesteziya, kandi umurizo wazo urafunze kandi amenyo aracibwa kugirango birinde imyitwarire ijyanye no guhangayika nko kuruma umurizo no kurya abantu.

Kwifungisha bikabije hamwe nubugome bikomoka mu buhinzi bw’uruganda biganisha ku mibabaro ikabije y’amamiliyoni y’ingurube buri mwaka. Nubwo abantu benshi bizera ko inyamaswa zo mu mirima zibaho ubuzima bwisanzuye kandi busanzwe, ukuri ni bibi cyane.

Ubu buryo bwa kera bwo gutanga umusaruro bwarananiranye

Ubuhinzi bwuruganda, nkuburyo bwashaje bwo gutanga umusaruro, byagaragaye ko bufite inenge cyane mubice byinshi. Ingaruka mbi zayo zirenze kure gufata nabi amatungo yo mu murima kandi bikubiyemo ibibazo bitandukanye by’ibidukikije, imibereho myiza, n’ubuzima rusange.

Imwe mu mpungenge zikomeye ni uruhare rwayo mu mihindagurikire y’ikirere no gutakaza urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima. Gukoresha cyane umutungo nk'ubutaka, amazi, n'ingufu mu buhinzi bw'uruganda byongera imyuka ihumanya ikirere, gutema amashyamba, no kwangiza aho gutura. Ibi ntibibangamira gusa urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima ahubwo binihutisha gutakaza urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima, byangiza imbaraga za sisitemu kamere.

Byongeye kandi, ubuhinzi bw’uruganda buteza ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima bw’abaturage, harimo no gukwirakwiza indwara binyuze mu bantu benshi kandi badafite isuku. Gukoresha cyane antibiyotike mu musaruro w’amatungo bigira uruhare mu kwiyongera kwa bagiteri zirwanya antibiyotike, bikaba byangiza ubuzima bw’abantu.

Byongeye kandi, ubuhinzi bw’uruganda bukomeza ubusumbane mu kubona ibiryo ushyira imbere umusaruro w’ibikomoka ku matungo kuruta ibiribwa bishingiye ku bimera. Guhindura imikorere idahwitse y’ibihingwa biribwa mu nyama n’amata bituma habaho gutakaza karori nyinshi, byongera ikibazo cy’ibura ry’ibiribwa ndetse bigashyira ingufu muri gahunda y’ibiribwa ku isi.

Bitandukanye no kumenyekana kwayo nkigisubizo gihenze kandi cyiza cyo kugaburira isi, ubuhinzi bwuruganda ntabwo burambye kandi buringaniye. Ni ngombwa ko duhinduka tugana kuri gahunda zirambye kandi zita ku bantu zita ku biribwa zishyira imbere kwita ku bidukikije, ubuzima rusange, n’ubutabera.

Hariho Inzira Nziza

Mubyukuri, gukemura ibibazo birambye bijyanye no gutanga ibiribwa nigikorwa kitoroshye ariko gikomeye. Ariko, iratanga kandi umwanya wo gukemura bimwe mubibazo byingutu byubukungu, ibidukikije, n’imyitwarire byugarije isi yacu muri iki gihe. Icyo dukeneye nuburyo bwumvikana muburyo bwo gutanga ibiribwa bushyira imbere imibereho myiza yabantu ninyamaswa, mugihe kandi burinda isi ibisekuruza bizaza.

Impinduramatwara y'ibiribwa n'ubuhinzi irakenewe-imwe iteza imbere ubuhinzi butekanye, bwiza, kandi butoshye. Iyi mpinduramatwara igomba gushyira imbere:

Umutekano: Tugomba gushyira imbere ubuzima n'imibereho myiza yabantu ninyamaswa muri sisitemu yo gutanga ibiryo. Ibi bivuze ko ibipimo by’umutekano w’ibiribwa byubahirizwa no kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’imiti yangiza na antibiotike. Uburinganire: Gahunda y'ibiribwa n'ubuhinzi bigomba gushyigikira imibereho y'icyaro no kugabanya ubukene. Ibi bikubiyemo guha amahirwe abahinzi-borozi bato no guha imbaraga abaturage baho kugira uruhare no kunguka umusaruro wibiribwa. Imikorere myiza yubucuruzi irashobora kwemeza ko abahinzi bahabwa indishyi zikwiye kubikorwa byabo. Icyatsi: Kurinda isi numutungo kamere bigomba kuba kumwanya wambere mubikorwa byubuhinzi. Ibi bikubiyemo gukoresha uburyo burambye bwo guhinga bugabanya ingaruka z’ibidukikije, nk'ubuhinzi-mwimerere, ubuhinzi-mwimerere, n’ubuhinzi bushya. Mugabanye ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, kubungabunga amazi, no kubungabunga urusobe rwibinyabuzima, turashobora gushyiraho uburyo burambye bwibiribwa kubisekuruza bizaza.

Mugukurikiza aya mahame no gushyira mubikorwa ibisubizo bishya, turashobora gushyiraho uburyo bwibiryo nubuhinzi butanga ibiryo byiza, bihendutse kuri bose mugihe turinze imibereho yinyamaswa nubuzima bwisi. Igihe kirageze cyo guhinduka muburyo dukora no kurya ibiryo - impinduramatwara ishyira abantu, inyamaswa, nibidukikije hagati.