Kupu Whakataki
Ko te foie gras, e kiia ana he kai reka i roto i te tini o ngā porowhita tunu kai, e huna ana i te mooni pouri me te huna o te mamae o ngā kararehe. I hangaia mai i ngā ate o ngā parera me ngā kūaka, ko te foie gras te hua o te whāngai kaha i ngā manu kia nui ake ai ō rātou ate ki ngā wā maha atu i tō rātou rahi tūturu. Ko tēnei mahi, e mōhiotia ana ko te gavage, ka pāngia ngā manu e te mamae nui, ka puta he mamae tinana me te hinengaro. Ka tūhuratia e tēnei tuhinga te nanakia huna o ngā pāmu foie gras, me te whakamārama i te mamae e pāngia ana e ngā parera me ngā kūaka i a rātou e whai ana i tēnei kai papai.
He aha te Foie Gras?
Ko te kupu "Foie gras" he kupu nō te kai Wīwī, ko te tikanga he "ate momona." Ka hangaia tēnei kai reka mā te tukanga gavage, arā, ko te whāngai ā-kaha i ngā parera, i ngā kūaka rānei kia nui ake ai ō rātou ate i tō rātou rahi tūturu. Ka tutuki te gavage mā te whakauru i tētahi ngongo ki raro i te korokoro o te manu, tika tonu ki roto i te puku, ā, ka tere te whakakī ki tētahi ranunga māngaro-nui, ko te kānga te tikanga.
Nō mua te takenga mai o te mahi gavage, ā, i kitea tōna whakamahinga i Ihipa onamata. I roto i ngā wā, ka horapa puta noa i te rohe o te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa, ā, i te mutunga ka noho ko te ingoa rongonui o te kai Wīwī. I whakaarohia i mua he rihi e tika ana mō te kingi, kua whanake te foie gras hei tohu mō te papai me te mana, ā, he nui ngā utu i roto i ngā porowhita tunu kai o te ao.
I te Hononga o Amerika, ka taea te hoko i te foie gras mō te neke atu i te $60 te pauna, ā, koinei tētahi o ngā kai tino utu nui i te mākete. Ahakoa tōna ingoa rongonui, he tino tautohenga te hanga foie gras nā ngā āwangawanga matatika me te oranga e pā ana ki te whāngai ā-kaha. E kī ana ngā kairīti he tino nanakia te tukanga o te whāngai manu, ā, ka mamae rawa ngā manu.
Nā te tautohetohe mō te foie gras kua puta he mahi ture i roto i ētahi whenua me ngā rohe, me te aukati, te here rānei i whakatakotoria mō tōna hanga me tōna hoko. Ahakoa e kī ana ētahi he tikanga tuku iho te foie gras, he momo toi tunu kai hoki me tiaki, ko ētahi e tautoko ana i ngā huarahi rerekē e pai ake ana te atawhai me te pumau ki ngā tikanga hanga tuku iho.
Hei whakamutunga, ko te hanga me te kai i te foie gras ka ara ake he whakaaro matatika, ahurea, me te tunu kai uaua. I a te hapori e tautohetohe ana ki ngā pātai mō te oranga kararehe me te hanga kai matatika, ko te heke mai o te foie gras he kaupapa tautohetohe tonu.
Ngā Mate Tinana me ngā Pānga Hauora
Ko te whāngai kaha o te heihei i roto i te hanga foie gras ka pāngia e ngā mate tinana me ngā pānga hauora kino ki ngā parera me ngā kuihi. Ko te tere o te whakanui o te ate ki ngā wā maha o tōna rahi tūturu ka puta he maha ngā raruraru ā-tinana me ngā raruraru hauora e tino whakararu ana i te oranga o ngā manu.
Ko tētahi o ngā pānga hauora matua o te gavage ko te ngoikore o te ate me te mate ate momona. Mā te kai nui o te kai ka taumaha te ate o te manu, ka kohia te ngako me te whanaketanga o te hepatic steatosis. Ehara i te mea ka pupuhi, ka pupuhi noa te ate i tēnei āhuatanga, engari ka whakararu hoki i tōna kaha ki te mahi tika. Nō reira, ka pāngia pea ngā manu e te ngoikore o te ate, te kore taurite o te pākia o te tinana, me ētahi atu raruraru e pā ana.
Hei tāpiritanga, ko te taumahatanga o te ate nui ka pā ki ngā whekau o roto me te hanganga angaanga o te manu. Ko ngā parera me ngā kākano e tukinotia ana, ka pāngia pea e te ngoikore o te angaanga, ngā raruraru hononga, me ngā whara waewae nā te taumaha rawa me te taumahatanga e pā ana ki ō rātou tinana. Ka taea e ēnei mate tinana te whakararu i te mamae mau tonu, ngā raruraru nekeneke, me te whakaiti i te kounga o te oranga mō ngā manu.
Heoi anō, mā te whāngai ā-ringa ka raru pea te manawa me te mate, nā te mea ka mimiti pea ngā matūkai ki roto i te ara manawa. Ka raru pea te manawa, te niumōnia, me ētahi atu mate e pā ana ki te manawa. Hei tāpiri, mā te ahotea me te taumahatanga o te whāngai manu ka ngoikore te pūnaha ārai mate o te manu, ka ngāwari ake ai te pāngia e ngā mate me ngā mate pāwera.
I te nuinga o te wā, he nui, he ngoikore hoki ngā mate tinana me ngā pānga hauora o te gavage i roto i te hanga foie gras mō ngā parera me ngā kūao. Ko te whakanui rawa o te ate, me te taumahatanga ki te tinana o te manu me ngā whekau o roto, ka arahi ki te maha o ngā raruraru hauora nui e whakararu ana i tō rātou oranga me te kounga o te oranga. Hei whakatika i ēnei pānga hauora me whakamutu te mahi gavage me te tango i ngā tikanga ahuwhenua atawhai me te pumau e whakatairanga ana i te oranga o ngā kararehe i runga ake i ngā hua.
Te Mamae Hinengaro me ngā Āhuatanga Whēkau
He kararehe mātau, he kararehe pāpori hoki ngā parera me ngā kūtai, he uaua hoki ō rātou oranga kare ā-roto. Ko te tukanga o te gavage, arā, ko te whakaurunga o tētahi ngongo whakarewa, kirihou rānei ki roto i ō rātou korokoro i ngā wā maha i te rā hei tuku tika i te nui o te kai ki roto i ō rātou puku, he mea ahotea, he mea mamae hoki. He maha ngā wā ka herea ngā manu i te wā e whāngai ana, ka puta te wehi, te manukanuka, me te kore āwhina.
Nā te whāngai kaha tonu, ka whakaatu pea ngā parera me ngā kākano i ngā whanonga rerekē e tohu ana i tō rātou mamae hinengaro. Kei roto i ēnei whanonga ko te ngenge, te wehe, te pukuriri, me ngā nekehanga noa pēnei i te patupatu auau, te ruru rānei i te mahunga. Tērā pea ka kaha rawa te mahi a ngā manu, ka oho ake, ka tere tonu te haere, ka reo rānei i te ahotea o te whiu.
Hei tāpiri atu ki tēnā, ko ngā āhuatanga kīkī me te paru o ngā pāmu foie gras ka whakanui ake i te mamae hinengaro e pā ana ki ngā manu. Mēnā ka herea ki roto i ngā whare iti, ki roto rānei i ngā whare kikī, he iti noa te wāhi hei neke, hei whai wāhi rānei ki ngā whanonga tūturu, ka kore ngā manu e whiwhi i te whakaoho hinengaro me te whakarei ake i te taiao. Ka taea e tēnei kore whakaoho te arahi ki te hoha, te pōuri, me te pouri, ka whakararu ake i tō rātou oranga hinengaro.
Ka whakararuraru hoki te tukanga whāngai ā-ture i ngā whanonga whāngai me ngā āhua tūturu o ngā manu. I te ngahere, ka rapu kai ngā parera me ngā kākano, ā, ka whakahaere i tā rātou ake kai i runga i ngā tohu hiakai me ngā āhuatanga taiao. Ka takahia e te gavage ēnei āhua tūturu, ka ngaro te mana whakahaere o ngā manu i ā rātou ake whanonga whāngai, ā, ka whakawhirinaki ki te wawaotanga o waho hei oranga mō rātou.
I te nuinga o te wā, he nui, he whānui hoki te mamae hinengaro me ngā whanonga rerekē i puta mai i te whakamahi i te kai i roto i te hanga foie gras. Ko ngā parera me ngā kākano e tukinotia ana e tēnei mahi nanakia, ehara i te mea ka mamae noa iho i te tinana engari i te hinengaro anō hoki, me te mataku, te manukanuka, me te kore āwhina. Hei whakatika i te oranga hinengaro o ēnei kararehe, me whakamutu te mahi whāngai kaha, me te tango i ngā mahi ahuwhenua atawhai me te aroha e whakaute ana i ngā oranga kare ā-roto o ngā kararehe.
Ngā Āwangawanga Matatika me te Oranga
Mai i te tirohanga matatika, ko te hanga foie gras he takahi mārama i ngā mātāpono o te aroha, te whakaute, me te tika. Mā te tuku i ngā parera me ngā kākano ki ngā whakamataku o te whāngai kaha me te whakanui tere i te ate, ka warewarehia e te hanga foie gras ō rātou uara me te mana tūturu hei mea ora. Hei kaihoko me hei kaitautoko, he kawenga matatika tā tātou ki te wero i ngā āwangawanga matatika me te oranga o te hanga foie gras me te tono kia pai ake te maimoatanga mō ngā kararehe i roto i te umanga kai. Ko reira anake ka taea ai e tātou te pupuri pono i ngā mātāpono o te aroha, te tika, me te whakaute mō ngā mea ora katoa.
Te Hiahia mō te Whakahoutanga
He mea nui, kāore e taea te whakakorekore te hiahia kia whakahoutia te hanga foie gras, nā runga i ngā āwangawanga matatika, oranga, me te hapori e pā ana ki te tukino i mahia ki ngā parera me ngā kuihi. Ko ngā mahi o nāianei o te whāngai kaha me te whakanui tere i te ate hei whakatutuki i te hiahia kai, ehara i te mea he mea whakarihariha noa iho i te taha matatika, engari he mea whakarihariha hoki i te taha morare.
Kei te huri haere hoki ngā waiaro o te hapori ki te kai i te foie gras, me te piki haere o te mōhiotanga me te whakahē i ngā take matatika me te oranga e pā ana ki tana hanga. He maha ngā whenua me ngā rohe kua aukati, kua whakawhāiti rānei i te hanga foie gras i runga i ngā take matatika me te oranga, e whakaatu ana i te whakaae whānui mō te hiahia kia whakahoutia te umanga. Ko te karanga a te iwi me te mahi a te kaihoko he mea nui ki te akiaki i ēnei huringa ture me te akiaki i ngā kaihanga ki te tango i ngā mahi atawhai tangata.
Hei aro atu ki te hiahia kia whakahoutia te hanga foie gras, he maha ngā mahi ka taea te mahi. Ko ētahi o ēnei ko:
- Te aukati, te whakamutu rānei i te mahi whāngai ā-kaha (gavage) me te huri ki ētahi atu tikanga whakaputa e whakatairanga ana i te oranga o ngā parera me ngā kūaka.
- Te whakatinana i ngā ture tino kaha me ngā tikanga whakamana hei whakarite kia tutukihia ngā paerewa atawhai tangata me te aukati i te tukino i roto i te hanga foie gras.
- Te haumi ki te rangahau me te auahatanga hei whakawhanake i ngā momo kai kē atu hei whakakapi i te foie gras tuku iho, ā, kāore e tukinotia, pērā i ngā kai tipu-ā-ira, ngā kai pūtau-whakatipu rānei.
- Te whakaako i ngā kaihoko mō ngā take matatika me te oranga e pā ana ki te hanga foie gras, me te whakatairanga i ngā kōwhiringa kai rerekē e hangai ana ki ngā uara o te aroha me te oranga tonutanga.
