I ngā tau tata nei, kua piki haere te rongonui o te pīni soya hei kaupapa matua mō ngā kōrero mō te whakangaromanga ngahere me te huringa āhuarangi. I te mea kei te tipu haere tōna tūranga i roto i ngā kai tipu me ngā momo hua kai, ka piki haere hoki te tirotiro mō ōna pānga ki te taiao me ngā pānga ki te hauora. Ka arohia e tēnei tuhinga ngā pātai e pātaihia pinepinetia ana mō te pīni soya, me te whai kia whakamāramahia ngā whakaaro hē me te whakakore i ngā kereme e horahia pinepinetia ana e te umanga mīti. Mā te whakarato i ngā mōhiohio me ngā horopaki tika, e tumanako ana mātou kia mārama ake ai te pānga pono o te pīni soya me tōna tūranga i roto i tā tātou pūnaha kai.
He aha te Soy?
Ko te pīni soya, e mōhiotia whānuitia ana ko Glycine max, he momo pīni i ahu mai i Āhia ki te Rawhiti. Kua whakatōkia mō ngā mano tau, ā, e mōhiotia ana mō tōna maha o ngā whakamahinga me tōna uara kai. Ko ngā pīni soya ngā purapura o tēnei pīni, ā, koinei te pūtake mō te whānuitanga o ngā hua e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā momo kai me ngā kai huri noa i te ao.
Ka taea te tukatuka i ngā pīni soya hei hanga i ngā momo kai me ngā kai, he rerekē ngā reka me ngā kakano o ia pīni. Ko ētahi o ngā hua soya e tino kitea ana ko:
- Miraka Pīni: He momo kai tipu rongonui hei whakakapi i te miraka miraka, i hangaia mā te ruku, te huri, me te kohua i te pīni pīni, kātahi ka tātarihia te ranunga.
- Ranu Soy: He mea kakara reka, he mea whakapūkara e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā kai Āhia, i hangaia mai i te pīni soy kua whakapūkara, te witi, me te tote.
- Tōfu: E mōhiotia ana ko te tōfu pīni, ka hangaia te tōfu mā te whakapūpū i te miraka pīni me te pēhi i ngā tōfu ka puta hei poraka totoka. He mea nui mō tōna kaha ki te mimiti i ngā kakara me tōna whakamahinga hei whakakapi mīti.
- Tempeh: He hua pīni soya kua whakapūkaratia me te kakano mārō me te reka nati, i hangaia mā te whakapūkara i ngā pīni soya kua tunua ki tētahi pokepokea motuhake.
- Miso: He mea kakara tuku iho a Hapanihi i hangaia mai i te pīni soya kua whakapūkaratia, te tote, me te ahurea koji, e whakamahia ana hei tāpiri i te hohonutanga me te umami ki ngā rihi.
- Edamame: Ko ngā pīni soya kāore anō kia pakari ka hauhaketia i mua i te pakari rawa, ka kai mā te kōhua, te kohuatia rānei hei kai mā te tangata.
I roto i ngā tekau tau e rima kua pahure ake nei, kua tino piki ake te hanga pīni soya. Neke atu i te 13 ngā wā kua piki ake, ā, tata ki te 350 miriona tāne ia tau. Hei whakamārama i tēnei, he rite tēnei rahinga ki te taumaha whakakotahi o te 2.3 miriona tohorā puru, arā, ngā kararehe nui rawa atu o te Ao.
Ko tēnei pikinga nui o te hanga pīni soya e whakaata ana i tōna hiranga e tipu haere ana i roto i te ahuwhenua o te ao me tōna tūranga ki te whāngai i te taupori e tere tipu haere ana. He maha ngā āhuatanga e akiaki ana i tēnei pikinga, tae atu ki te pikinga o te hiahia mō ngā pūtake pūmua tipu me te whakamahinga o te pīni soya hei whāngai kararehe.
He kino te pīni soya mō te taiao?
Ko Brazil, te kāinga o ētahi o ngā pūnaha rauropi tino mōrearea me te mōrearea o te ao, kua pāngia e te whakangaromanga nui o ngā ngahere i ngā tekau tau kua pahure ake nei. Ko te ngahere ua o Amazon, te repo o Pantanal, me te savanna o Cerrado kua ngaro katoa ō rātou kāinga tūturu. Ina koa, neke atu i te 20% o te Amazon kua whakangaromia, 25% o te Pantanal kua ngaro, ā, 50% o te Cerrado kua whakawāteahia. He pānga nui tēnei whakangaromanga nui, tae atu ki te meka āwangawanga kei te tukuna e te Amazon he hauhā waro nui atu i tana e mimiti ana, ka kaha ake te huringa āhuarangi o te ao.
Ahakoa he maha ngā wā e hono ana te mahi hanga pīni soya ki ngā āwangawanga taiao, he mea nui kia mārama ki tōna tūranga i roto i te horopaki whānui o te whakangaromanga ngahere. He maha ngā wā e hono ana te pīni soya ki te pirau o te taiao nā te whakamahinga i roto i te whāngai kararehe, engari ehara i te mea koinei anake te take. Ko te take matua o te whakangaromanga ngahere i Brazil ko te whānui haere o ngā whenua whāngai kararehe e whāngaihia ana hei mīti.
He nui te whakatipu i ngā pīni soya, ā, he nui te wāhanga o tēnei hua e whakamahia ana hei whāngai kararehe. He hononga tēnei whakamahinga o te pīni soya ki te whakangaromanga o ngā ngahere i ētahi rohe, nā te mea ka whakawāteahia ngā ngahere hei hanga i ngā pāmu pīni soya. Heoi, he wāhanga tēnei o tētahi take uaua ake e pā ana ki ngā āhuatanga maha:
- Te Pīni hei Whāngai Kararehe: Ko te hiahia mō te pīni hei whāngai kararehe ka whai wāhi ā-korekore ki te whakangaromanga ngahere mā te tautoko i te umanga kararehe. I te mea ka nui ake te whenua e whakawāteahia ana hei whakatipu pīni, ko te nui ake o te whāngai ka tautoko i te whakawhānui ake i te hanga mīti, ā, ka piki ake te whakangaromanga ngahere.
- Te Whakamahinga Whenua Tika: Ahakoa he whai wāhi te whakatipu pīni soya ki te whakangaromanga o ngā ngahere, ehara i te mea koinei anake te tino take. He maha ngā māra pīni soya e whakatūria ana ki runga i ngā whenua kua whakakorea i mua, ki runga rānei i ngā whenua kua whakamahia anō mai i ētahi atu whakamahinga ahuwhenua, kaua ki te whakararu tika i te whakangaromanga o ngā ngahere.
tētahi rangahau i whakaputaina ki te Science Advances ko te pūtake matua o te whakangaromanga o te ngahere i Brazil ko te whānui ake o ngā whenua whāngai kararehe mō ngā kau. Neke atu i te 80% o te whakangaromanga o te ngahere i te whenua te take o te hiahia o te umanga mīti mō ngā whenua whāngai kararehe me ngā hua kai, tae atu ki te pīni soya. Ko te whakakorenga o ngā ngahere mō te whāngai kararehe me ngā hua kai e pā ana ki tēnei, tae atu ki te pīni soya, ka puta he pānga nui ki te taiao.
Kua tautuhia te pūtake matua o te whakangaromanga o ngā ngahere me te whakakino o te taiao, ā, ko te nuinga o tēnei take he whānui ake i te whenua whāngai kararehe e whāngaihia ana mō te mīti. Mā tēnei tirohanga nui ka āwhina i a tātou ki te mārama ki te pānga whānui o ā tātou whiringa kai me te hiahia nui ki te huringa.
Te Mahi: Te Mana o ngā Kōwhiringa a te Kaihoko
Ko te rongo pai, kei te piki haere te aro o ngā kaihoko ki ngā āhuatanga. I te mea kei te tipu haere te mōhiotanga ki ngā pānga taiao o te mīti, te miraka, me ngā hua manu, he tokomaha ake te hunga e tahuri ana ki ngā momo kai tipu. Anei te rerekētanga o tēnei panonitanga:
