Ko te whanaungatanga i waenga i te tangata me ngā mōkai tētahi o ngā hononga tino hohonu, tino whai hua hoki mō tetahi ki tetahi. I roto i te hītori, he mahi nui tā ngā kararehe i roto i ngā hapori tangata, mai i te noho hei hoa ki te whakarato āwhina i roto i te mahi, te haumaru, me te rongoā. I ēnei rā, ehara i te mea he mema whānau anake ngā mōkai, engari he nui hoki tā rātou takoha ki te oranga ngākau me te oranga hinengaro o ō rātou rangatira. I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka tūhuratia e mātou ngā hononga uaua me te hohonu i waenga i te tangata me ngā mōkai, me te tirotiro i ngā painga hinengaro, kare ā-roto, me te tinana o ēnei whanaungatanga.
Te Whanaketanga o ngā Hononga Tangata-kararehe
Kua pāngia te whanaungatanga i waenga i te tangata me ngā kararehe e ngā panonitanga nui i roto i ngā mano tau. I te tīmatanga, i puritia ngā kararehe mō ngā mahi whai hua, me te mahi i ngā mahi e tika ana mō te oranga me te whanaketanga o ngā hapori tangata o mua. I whakawhirinaki ngā tāngata o mua ki ngā kararehe mō ngā mahi pēnei i te hopu manu, te kahui kararehe, me te tiaki. I kitea ēnei kararehe hei taputapu hei āwhina i te tangata ki te whiwhi kai, ki te tiaki i ō rātou kāinga, me te whakarite i tō rātou haumaru. Hei tauira, i āwhina ngā kurī kāinga ki te hopu manu me te tiaki i ngā kāinga, ko ngā kararehe pēnei i te koati, te hipi, me te kau i whakatipuhia mō ō rātou mīti, miraka, me te huruhuru hipi.
I te whanaketanga o ngā hapori tangata, inā koa i te taenga mai o te ahuwhenua me te aranga ake o ngā iwi, ka tīmata te huri o te whanaungatanga i waenga i te tangata me te kararehe. Ka uru atu ngā kararehe ki te oranga o te tangata, ehara i te mea hei kaimahi, hei kaiwhakarato rānei, engari hei hoa hoki. Nā tēnei huringa i tohu he whanaketanga nui i roto i te hononga tangata-kararehe, i te mea ka tīmata ngā kararehe ki te tango i ngā tūranga hou i tua atu i te mahi tūturu.
Hei tauira, ko ngā kurī, i te tīmatanga i whakanuia mō ō rātou pūkenga hopu me te tiaki, i tīmata haere te mōhiotia mō tō rātou pono, aroha, me te whakahoahoa. I tīmata ngā iwi tawhito, pērā i ngā Ihipiana, ngā Rōmana, me ngā Kariki, ki te pupuri i ngā kurī ehara i te mea hei kararehe mahi anake engari hei mōkai aroha. I whanake anō hoki ngā ngeru mai i te noho hei kaitiaki kai noa iho, hei āwhina i te whakahaere i ngā taupori kiore, hei hoa, hei tohu tiaki atua hoki i roto i ētahi ahurea. Hei tauira, i whakanuia e ngā Ihipiana onamata ngā ngeru, me te hono i a rātou ki te atua wahine a Bastet, te kaitiaki o te kāinga me te whānau.
I te whanaketanga tonu o ngā hapori tangata, ka whanake anō hoki ngā tūranga o ngā kararehe i roto i te oranga o te tangata. Nā te hurihanga ahumahi me te noho tāone i arahi ki ngā huringa anō o te whanaungatanga tangata-kararehe. I te nekehanga o te tangata ki ngā tāone me ngā wheketere, ka heke te hiahia mō ngā kararehe i roto i ngā tūranga tuku iho pēnei i te ahuwhenua me te mahi kahui. Heoi, kāore i mutu te hononga tangata-kararehe i tēnei wā. Inaa, ka kaha ake te tūranga o ngā mōkai, inā koa ngā kurī me ngā ngeru, i tēnei wā. Ka tīmata te titiro ki ngā mōkai hei mema whānau, e tuku ana i te hoa, te tautoko kare ā-roto, me te aroha mutunga kore ki ō rātou rangatira. Nā te ao ahumahi i taea ai e te tini o te tangata te whai wā me ngā rauemi ki te tiaki i ngā kararehe hei hoa, ā, ka puta he panoni nui ki te tirohanga ki ngā kararehe.
I puta tahi anō hoki tēnei panonitanga me te pikinga ake o te mōhiotanga ki ngā painga kare ā-roto me te hinengaro o te whai mōkai. I kitea he pānga whakamarie te mahi ngāwari o te mirimiri i te kurī, i te ngeru rānei, hei whakaiti i te ahotea me te whakanui ake i ngā kare ā-roto o te harikoa. I te rautau 20, ka tīmata ngā rangahau ki te whakaatu ka taea e ngā mōkai, inā koa ngā kurī me ngā ngeru, te tautoko kare ā-roto, te āwhina i te whakaiti i ngā kare ā-roto o te mokemoke, tae atu ki te whakapai ake i te hauora tinana mā te whakatenatena i te korikori tinana. I tēnei wā, ka kitea te hononga i waenga i te tangata me ngā mōkai he whanaungatanga e rua ngā taha, i reira kāore i te whakarato noa i te āwhina mahi engari i tuku hoki i ngā utu kare ā-roto mō ō rātou rangatira.
I ēnei rā hou, kua whanake te whanaungatanga tangata-kararehe ki tētahi mea hohonu ake, ki tētahi mea uaua ake hoki. Ahakoa e whakanuia tonutia ana ngā mōkai mō ō rātou hoa, he maha ngā kararehe, pērā i ngā kurī, ngā ngeru, tae atu ki ngā rāpeti me ngā kiore tītī, e kiia ana he mema nui o te whānau. Kua puta te whakaaro o te "mātua mōkai", arā, ko te hunga whai mōkai e whakangao ana ehara i te mea ko te whakarato kai me te whare anake engari ko te oranga whānui o ā rātou mōkai, kia whai oranga whai hua ai rātou me te tiaki hauora tika, te whakarei ake i te kare ā-roto, me te whakaohooho tinana.
Heoi anō, kei te piki haere te mōhiotia o ngā mōkai mō ā rātou mahi whakaora. He maha ngā mōkai, inā koa ngā kurī, kua whakangungua hei kararehe āwhina, hei āwhina i ngā tāngata hauā pērā i te matapo, ngā raruraru nekenekehanga, te mate ahotea muri-whara (PTSD). Ehara i te mea he āwhina mahi anake ēnei kararehe engari he tautoko kare ā-roto anō hoki, e whakapai ake ana i te kounga o te oranga mō ō rātou rangatira. Kua whānui ake te uara whakaora o ngā mōkai me te pikinga ake o te whakaora kararehe-āwhina, e whakamahia ai ngā kararehe i roto i ngā taiao hauora, hinengaro, me te pāpori hei āwhina i ngā tāngata kia ora mai i te whara, kia aro atu ki ngā raruraru hauora hinengaro, me te whakapai ake i te oranga whānui.
I ēnei rā, kei te whanake haere tonu te whanaungatanga i waenga i te tangata me ngā kararehe i te mea ka aro nui ake te hapori ki ngā hiahia o ngā kararehe me te hiranga o tō rātou oranga. Kei te piki haere te mōhiotanga he kare ā-roto ō ngā kararehe, inā koa ngā mōkai, ā, e tika ana kia whakautehia, kia manaakitia hoki. Kua kaha ake ngā ture e tiaki ana i ngā kararehe mai i te tukino me te kore aro, ā, kei te tino teitei ngā reiti tango kararehe i te mea he tokomaha ake te hunga e whiriwhiri ana ki te whakaora kararehe mai i ngā whare tiaki kararehe, kaua ki te hoko mai i ngā kaiwhakatupu kararehe.
Kua noho te hononga i waenganui i te tangata me ngā mōkai hei hononga whai hua mō tetahi ki tetahi, mā ngā mōkai e tautoko ā-hinengaro, ā-tinana hoki, ko te tangata ia e tuku ana i te aroha, te manaaki, me te tiaki. He maha ngā wā ka whakaritea tēnei hononga hohonu ki te hononga i waenganui i ngā mema o te whānau, e kitea ai ngā mōkai ehara i te mea he kararehe anake, engari he hoa nui e kawe mai ana i te harikoa, te whakamarie, me te kaupapa ki te oranga o ō rātou rangatira.
I a tātou e titiro whakamua ana, tera pea ka kaha haere tonu te whanaungatanga i waenga i te tangata me ngā kararehe. Mā te whanaketanga o te tiaki kararehe, te hauora o ngā mōkai, me te oranga o ngā kararehe, ka roa ake te ora o ngā mōkai, ka ora hauora ake, ā, ka nui ake te hiranga o tā rātou tūranga i roto i ō tātou oranga. Ko te hononga e whanake haere ana i waenga i te tangata me ngā kararehe he tohu i te kaha whakamiharo o te aroha me te hononga e puta ana i waenga i ngā momo kararehe, e whakaatu ana ehara ngā kararehe i te hoa noa iho, engari he mema nui o ō tātou whānau me ngā hapori.
Ngā Painga Hinengaro me ngā Painga Ā-Whene
Ko tētahi o ngā huarahi tino nui e pā ai ngā mōkai ki ō rātou rangatira tangata ko te tautoko kare ā-roto. Kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau mā te noho tahi me te mōkai ka āwhina i te whakaiti i ngā kare ā-roto o te mokemoke me te pouri. Ko ngā mōkai, ina koa ko ngā kurī me ngā ngeru, ka tuku i te aroha mutunga kore me te manaaki, ka taea te whakarato i te whakamarie i ngā wā uaua. He puna hoa hoki rātou, inā koa mō te hunga e noho mokemoke ana, e pāngia ana rānei e ngā wero whaiaro.
Mō te tini o te tangata, he wāhanga nui ngā mōkai i roto i ā rātou mahi hauora hinengaro. Kua whakaatuhia te mahi pāki, te tākaro rānei ki tētahi mōkai ka whakaiti i te ahotea me te manukanuka, ka whakatairanga i ngā kare ā-roto o te wātea me te marino. Nā te tukunga o te oxytocin tēnei, he homoni e whakatairanga ana i te hononga me te wātea, e puta ana i te wā e taunekeneke ana te tangata me ā rātou mōkai. Hei tāpiri, ka taea e ngā mōkai te āwhina ki te whawhai i ngā kare ā-roto o te mokemoke mā te whakarato i te whakaaro whai take me te hoa pono, kore whakahāwea.
Ngā Painga Hauora Tinana o te Manaaki Kararehe
Haunga ngā painga kare ā-roto, ka taea e te pupuri kararehe te whai hua ki te hauora tinana. Ko tētahi o ngā painga tino rongonui ko te whakanui ake i te korikori tinana, inā koa mō ngā kaipupuri kuri. Ko te hikoi auau me te tākaro i waho he wāhanga tūturu o te pupuri kuri, e akiaki ana i ngā kaipupuri kararehe kia noho kaha me te whai wāhi ki te korikori tinana. Mā tēnei whakanui ake i te korikori tinana ka pai ake te hauora o te ngākau, ka whakaiti i te mōrearea o te momona, me te whakarei ake i te oranga tinana whānui.
Kei ngā mōkai anō hoki te mana ki te whakaiti i ngā pānga tinana o te ahotea. Mā te mahi ngāwari o te mirimiri i te kurī, i te ngeru rānei ka taea te whakaheke i te toto toto me te tere o te ngakau, ka pai ake ai te hauora whānui. Kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau he iti ake ngā taumata homoni ahotea o ngā kaipupuri mōkai, pērā i te cortisol, ā, ka pai ake te mahi ārai mate, e whakaatu ana i ngā painga hauora o te whai mōkai.
Te Tūranga o ngā Mōkai i roto i te Whakaora me te Ratonga
I ngā tau tata nei, kua whānui ake ngā mahi a ngā mōkai i tua atu i te whakahoahoa me te whakangahau. He maha ngā mōkai e whakangungua ana hei kararehe āwhina, e whakarato ana i te āwhina ki ngā tāngata hauā. Hei tauira, ka taea e ngā kurī te āwhina i ngā tāngata hauā, te tuku tautoko kare ā-roto, te mahi rānei hei kurī ārahi mō te hunga hauā tirohanga. Ehara i te mea ko te āwhina mahi anake te mea e whakaratohia ana e ēnei kararehe āwhina engari ko te whakamarie kare ā-roto hoki, e āwhina ana ki te whakapai ake i te kounga o te oranga mō ō rātou rangatira.
Haunga ngā kararehe āwhina, kei te piki haere te whakamahinga o ngā mōkai i roto i ngā wāhi whakaora. Ko te whakaora kararehe-āwhina (AAT) e uru ana ki te whakamahinga o ngā kararehe kua whakangungua hei āwhina i te hunga e pāngia ana e ngā wero tinana, kare ā-roto, me te hinengaro. Kua kitea he whai hua te whakaora mōkai ki te āwhina i ngā tāngata e pāngia ana e ngā momo āhuatanga, tae atu ki te PTSD, te pouri, me te manukanuka, mā te whakarato whakamarie me te whakatenatena i ngā taunekeneke pai.
Te Whakapakari i te Hononga
Ehara te hononga i waenganui i te tangata me ngā mōkai i te ara kotahi; he hononga tauutuutu. Ahakoa he painga ā-hinengaro, ā-tinana hoki ngā mōkai ki ō rātou rangatira, ka manaaki, ka tiaki hoki te tangata i ā rātou mōkai, me te whakarite kia whiwhi rātou i te kai, i te whare, i te tiaki hauora, me te aroha. Mā te atawhai me te manaaki i tētahi mōkai ka taea te whakanui ake i ngā kare ā-roto o te kawenga me te kaupapa, he mea nui ēnei mō te tipu whaiaro me te oranga.
Ka kaha ake te hononga mā roto i ngā wheako me ngā mahi tahi. Ahakoa he tākaro me tētahi mōkai, he hikoi tahi rānei, he noho tahi noa rānei, he mea nui ēnei wā taunekeneke hei whakapakari i te hononga kare ā-roto. He kaha whakamiharo anō hoki ō ngā mōkai ki te mārama me te aro atu ki ngā kare ā-roto o ō rātou rangatira, ka hangaia he hononga ahurei i runga i te aroha me te whakawhirinaki tetahi ki tetahi.
