Kua roa te umanga whakapaipai e whakawhirinaki ana ki te whakamātautau kararehe hei huarahi ki te whakarite i te haumaru o ngā hua. Heoi, kua piki haere te tirotiro i tēnei mahi, ā, kua ara ake ngā āwangawanga matatika me ngā pātai mō tōna hiranga i ēnei rā. Ko te tipu haere o te tautoko mō te ataahua kore-whakaeke e whakaatu ana i te nekehanga hapori ki ngā mahi atawhai tangata me te pumau. Ka rukuhia e tēnei tuhinga te hītori o te whakamātautau kararehe, te āhua o nāianei o te haumaru whakapaipai, me te pikinga ake o ngā huarahi kē atu kore-whakaeke.
He Tirohanga Hītori mō te Whakamātautau Kararehe
Ko te whakamātautau kararehe i roto i ngā mea whakapaipai ka taea te whai i ngā tohu mai i te tīmatanga o te rautau 20 i te wā i noho ai te haumaru o ngā hua tiaki whaiaro hei āwangawanga hauora tūmatanui. I tēnei wā, nā te korenga o ngā tikanga haumaru paerewa i hua ake ai ētahi aituā hauora, ā, i akiaki ngā whakahaere ture me ngā kamupene ki te whakamahi i te whakamātautau kararehe hei mahi ārai. I whakawhanakehia ngā whakamātautau, pērā i te whakamātautau kanohi Draize me ngā whakamātautau riri kiri, hei aromatawai i ngā taumata riri me te paitini mā te whakamahi i ngā matū ki ngā kanohi, ki te kiri rānei o ngā rāpeti. I whānui haere ēnei tikanga nā te māmā me te pono o te whakaaro.
Ahakoa i homai e ēnei tikanga ētahi māramatanga ki te haumaru, he maha ngā wā i tino mamae ai ngā kararehe. Ko ngā rāpeti, i whiriwhiria mō tō rātou āhua ngāwari me te kore e taea te whakaputa roimata, i roa te wā e pāngia ana e ngā matū kino. I herea rātou ki roto i ngā taputapu here, ā, kāore he ārai i a rātou i te mamae me te pōuri i puta mai i ngā whakamātautau. Nā te whakamahinga whānui o ēnei whakamātautau i ara ake ai ngā āwangawanga i waenga i ngā kaitautoko oranga kararehe, ā, ka tīmata rātou ki te pātai i ngā tikanga matatika me te whai mana pūtaiao o aua mahi.
I waenganui o te rautau 20, ka tīmata te rongonui me te kaha o te mahi a ngā kaihoko, ā, ka whakahēngia te whakaaetia o ngā whakamātautau kararehe i roto i te umanga whakapaipai. Nā ngā kaupapa rongonui me te riri a te marea i aro nui ai ki te āhua o ngā kararehe i roto i ngā taiwhanga, ā, nā reira i whakatakoto te kaupapa hou mō te kore tukino i ngā kararehe.
Ngā Mea Pono
- Kāore e tino pono te whakamātautau mate pukupuku, e whakamahi ana i te 400 kararehe mō ia whakamātautau, ā, ko te 42% anake te ōrau angitu ki te matapae i ngā mate pukupuku tangata.
- Ko ngā whakamātautau mate pāwera kiri e mahia ana ki ngā poaka kini e 72% noa iho o te wā e tohu tika ana i ngā tauhohenga mate pāwera tangata.
- Mā ngā tikanga in vitro ka taea te whakatipu i ngā pūtau kiri tangata i roto i tētahi rihi taiwhanga hei whakamātautau mō te mumura o te kiri. He tika ake ēnei whakamātautau mō te haumaru o te tangata nā te mea ka uru tika ngā pūtau tangata.
- Ko ngā whakamātautau whakapataritari kanohi o ēnei rā e whakamahi ana i ngā kornea kua whakatōkia ki roto i te vitro, kaua ki ngā rāpeti. Ka puta ngā hua i roto i te rā kotahi i ēnei whakamātautau hou, ki te whakaritea ki ngā wiki e rua ki te toru e hiahiatia ana mō ngā whakamātautau rāpeti, he maha ngā wā kāore i te tika.
- Ka taea e ngā tauira rorohiko matatau te matapae i te paitini mā te tātari i te hanganga matū me te whanonga o ngā kai o nāianei, ā, ka kore e hiahiatia he whakamātautau kararehe.
Heoi, ahakoa te whānui o te wātea o ngā tikanga whakamātautau matatau ehara i te kararehe, me te noho o ngā mano tini o ngā kai kua kiia he haumaru mō te whakamahi, he tini ngā kararehe e mau tonu ana i ngā whakamātautau nanakia me te koretake mō ngā kai whakapaipai huri noa i te ao. Kei te mau tonu ēnei mahi nanakia ahakoa te whakahē a te marea me te tipu haere o te mōhiotanga mō te oranga o ngā kararehe. I ia tau, ka mamae ngā rāpeti, ngā kiore, ngā poaka tīni, me ētahi atu kararehe i ngā tikanga mamae, he maha o ēnei ka whara, ka matapo, ka mate rānei, hei whakamātautau i ngā hua ka taea te hanga haumaru mā roto i ngā huarahi kē.
I roto i te mākete o te ao e hono haere ana, he mea nui kia kotahi ngā whenua ki te whakamutu i te whakamātautau kararehe mō ngā mea whakapaipai. Ehara i te mea ka tiakina noa ngā kararehe e te huarahi kotahi, engari ka taurite hoki te papa tākaro mō ngā pakihi matatika e whai ana ki te whakaputa hua kore-whakaeke. Mā te awhi i ngā tikanga pūtaiao auaha, pērā i te whakamātautau in vitro me te whakatauira rorohiko, ka taea e tātou te tiaki i te hauora tangata me te oranga kararehe me te whakatairanga i te pūtaiao whakapaipai.
E tino whakapono ana mātou ko te hanga me te hoko i ngā mea whakapaipai kore-whakaeke kino he whakaritenga matatika—he taahiraa ki te hanga i tētahi ao aroha me te kawenga. E hangai ana ki ngā uara o te kai matatika e piki haere ana te tono a ngā kaihoko puta noa i te ao. E whakaatu tonu ana ngā rangahau e hiahia ana te tangata ki te tautoko i ngā waitohu e whakatairanga ana i te oranga kararehe me te oranga tonutanga. Ko te heke mai o ngā mea whakapaipai kei roto i te auahatanga me te kore he tukino, ā, kei a tātou katoa—ngā kāwanatanga, ngā pakihi, me ngā tāngata takitahi—kia tutuki ai tēnei moemoeā.
Neke atu i te 50 tau te roa o te whakamātautau mamae mō ngā mea whakapaipai i ngā kararehe. Heoi anō, kua whanake te pūtaiao me ngā whakaaro o te marea, ā, i ēnei rā, kāore e tika ana, kāore hoki e whakaaetia kia whara ngā kararehe mō te whanaketanga o ngā mea whakapaipai hou.
Ngā Kai Kararehe i roto i ngā Mea Whakapaipai me ngā Mea Whakapaipai
He maha ngā kai e ahu mai ana i ngā kararehe e kitea ana i roto i te tini o ngā mea whakapaipai me ngā hua tiaki whaiaro. He maha ngā matū rongonui pērā i te miraka, te honi, me te ware pi e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā hua pērā i te shampoo, te kaukau, me ngā hinu tinana. Heoi anō, kei reira anō ētahi atu kai kāore i te tino mōhiotia, pērā i te musk civet, te ambergris rānei, e tāpirihia ana ki ngā hinu kakara me ngā heu i muri i te heu, engari kāore i te rārangihia ki te takai hua.
Nā te kore o te māramatanga ka uaua pea mā ngā kaihoko te mōhio ki ngā kai e ahu mai ana i te kararehe i roto i ngā hua e whakamahia ana e rātou i ia rā. Kei raro nei he rārangi o ētahi kai kararehe e kitea ana i roto i ngā mea whakapaipai me ngā mea horoi tinana, me ngā tauira o te whakamahinga. Kia mōhio mai, kāore tēnei rārangi i te katoa, ā, tera pea he maha atu ngā kai kararehe kei roto i ngā hua whakapaipai, inā koa i roto i ngā kakara, he iti ake te ture mō te whakaaturanga o ngā kai.
- Allantoin (waikawa uric mai i ngā kau me ētahi atu kararehe whakangote): Ka whakamahia tēnei matū i roto i ngā kirimi me ngā hinu whakangawari hei whakamarie me te tiaki i te kiri.
- Ambergris : Ka whakamahia hei hanga i ngā kakara utu nui, ka hangaia te ambergris e ngā tohorā parāoa, ā, ka kohia i te moana, i ngā takutai rānei. Ahakoa kāore e whara ngā tohorā i te nuinga o te wā i te wā e kohia ana, ko te hokohoko i ngā hua tohorā, i ngā hua taha rānei, ka ara ake ngā āwangawanga matatika, ka mau tonu te whakaaro ko ngā tohorā he taonga hokohoko.
- Waikawa Arachidonic (Waikawa ngako mai i ngā kararehe): He maha ngā wā ka kitea i roto i ngā kirimi kiri me ngā hinu kiri, ka whakamahia tēnei kai hei whakamarie i ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te ekisema me ngā ponana.
- Te ware pi (Arā, ko te Royal Jelly, ko te Cera Alba rānei): E kitea whānuitia ana i roto i ngā hinu kaukau, ngā hopi horoi makawe, ngā hua tiaki kiri, me ngā mea hanga-ake, ka hauhaketia te ware pi mai i ngā pī, ā, he maha ngā whakamahinga nā ōna āhuatanga whakangawari.
- Waikawa Caprylic (Waikawa ngako mai i te miraka kau, i te miraka koati rānei): E whakamahia ana i roto i ngā hinu kakara me ngā hopi, i ahu mai tēnei waikawa i te miraka o ngā kararehe, ā, he āhuatanga patu huakita anō hoki.
- Carmine/Cochineal (Pēpeke cochineal kuru): He mea kitea nuitia tēnei tae whero i roto i ngā mea whakapaipai, i ngā hopi horoi makawe, me ngā hinu kaukau, ā, i ahu mai i te pepeke cochineal.
- Castoreum : I hangaia e ngā pīwa hei kakara, ka riro mai te castoreum mai i ngā pīwa e patua ana i te wā e hauhaketia ana. Ahakoa kua heke te whakamahinga, kei te kitea tonu i roto i ētahi hinu kakara papai.
- Korarā : Ahakoa ka taea te whakaputa i te korarā mai i te huakita me te rewena, he nui ake te nuinga o te wā ka puta mai i ngā kararehe pēnei i te mīti kau, i te ika rānei. He whānuitia te whakamahinga o tēnei pūmua i roto i ngā hua tiaki kiri nā tōna kaha ki te whakapai ake i te ngāwari me te makuku o te kiri.
- Te Waikawa Civet : I ahu mai tēnei kakara i te civet o Āwherika me Āhia, e whakatipuria ana i roto i ngā āhuatanga kino. Ko te hinu e whakamahia ana hei hanga i te civet musk ka riro mai i roto i te tikanga mamae me te whakaekenga, ka ara ake te āwangawanga mō te tukino kararehe.
- Guanine : I tangohia mai i ngā unahi ika, e whakamahia whānuitia ana te guanine i roto i ngā hua whakapaipai, inā koa i roto i ngā atarangi kanohi me ngā rīpene ngutu, hei hoatu i te pānga kanapa.
- Te tiakarete : I ahu mai i ngā wheua kararehe, ngā uaua, me ngā hononga, ka whakamahia te tiakarete hei whakamātotoru i roto i ngā momo mea whakapaipai me ngā mea whakapaipai tinana.
- Honi : E whakamahia ana te honi i roto i ngā hinu kaukau, ngā hopi horoi makawe, ngā hua tiaki kiri, me ngā mea hanga-kanohi, ā, he mea nui mō ōna āhuatanga whakamakuku taiao me te ārai huakita.
- Keratin : He pūmua i ahu mai i ngā haona, ngā matikuku, ngā huruhuru, ngā pene, me ngā huruhuru o ngā kararehe, ka whakamahia te keratin i roto i ngā hopi horoi makawe, ngā horoi makawe, me ngā maimoatanga hei whakapakari me te whāngai i te makawe.
- Ranolin : He mea tango mai i te huruhuru hipi, e kitea nuitia ana te raolin i roto i ngā hua whakapaipai me ngā hua tiaki kiri, hei whakamakuku me te whakangawari i te kiri.
- Miraka (Tae atu ki te lactose me te whey): He wāhanga noa te miraka i roto i ngā hinu kaukau, ngā hua tiaki kiri, me ngā hinu kakara, he mea nui mō ōna āhuatanga whakamakuku me ōna pānga whakamarie ki te kiri.
- Estrogen : Ahakoa kei te wātea ngā momo vegan, ka tangohia te oestrogen i ētahi wā mai i te mimi o ngā hōiho hapu. Ka whakamahia tēnei homoni i roto i ētahi kirīmi ārai-pakeketanga hei whakatairanga i te whakaoranga o te kiri.
- Hinu Musk : I tangohia mai i te hinu maroke o te tia musk, te pīwa, te kiore musk, te ngeru civet, me te ōta, ka whakamahia te hinu musk i roto i ngā hinu kakara. He maha ngā wā ka mamae, ka kino hoki te tukanga hauhake, ka ara ake te āwangawanga mō te tukino kararehe.
- Shellac : Ka hangaia tēnei kapia e ngā pītau, ā, ka whakamahia i roto i ngā hua pēnei i ngā peita whao, ngā rehu makawe, ngā hua tiaki kiri, me ngā hinu kakara. Ka patua ngā pītau i te wā e hauhaketia ana, ka ara ake ngā āwangawanga matatika mō tōna whakamahinga.
- Ngata : I ētahi wā ka whakamahia ngā ngata kuruhia hei whakamakuku kiri nā te mea he āhuatanga whakaora, he āhuatanga ārai-pakeke hoki ō rātou.
- Squalene : Ko tēnei matū, he mea hanga mai i ngā ate o ngā mango, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā deodorant me ngā hinu whakamakuku. Ko te whakamahinga o te squalene i ahu mai i te mango ka ara ake ngā āwangawanga mō te hī ika nui rawa me te memeha haere o ngā taupori mango.
- Tallow : He momo ngako kararehe nō ngā kau me ngā hipi, e kitea pinepine ana te tallow i roto i ngā hopi me ngā rīpene ngutu.
Nā te kore o te mārama o ngā rārangi kai, inā koa i roto i ngā hinu kakara me ngā kakara, ka tino uaua ki ngā kaihoko te tautuhi i ngā kai katoa i ahu mai i te kararehe e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā hua e hokona ana e rātou. Hei tikanga whānui, ki te kore te kamupene e tohu mārama i tētahi hua he vegan, me whakaaro ngā kaihoko kei roto pea ētahi kai i ahu mai i te kararehe. Ko tēnei kore o te tapanga mārama e whakanui ana i te hiranga o te tautoko i te māramatanga me ngā mahi matatika i roto i ngā ahumahi whakapaipai me ngā wharepaku.
Kei te tata mai te āwhina!
Kua tino māmā ake te kimi i ngā hua whakapaipai me ngā hua tiaki whaiaro tino kore-whakaeke kararehe, me ngā hua vegan i ngā tau tata nei, nā ngā mahi a ngā whakahaere oranga kararehe. Kua whakatūhia e ēnei whakahaere he tiwhikete e whakamārama ana ko ēhea waitohu e hangai ana ki ngā paerewa matatika, ā, kāore e whakamātautau ana ki ngā kararehe, e whakamahi ana rānei i ngā kai i ahu mai i ngā kararehe. Mā ngā tiwhikete me ngā waitohu e whakaratohia ana e ēnei rōpū ka taea e ngā kaihoko te tautuhi i ngā waitohu e whakapau kaha ana ki ngā mahi kore-whakaeke kararehe me ngā hanganga vegan.
Ko ētahi o ngā tiwhikete oranga kararehe e tino mōhiotia whānuitia ana, e whakautetia ana ko Leaping Bunny, te tohu Cruelty-Free Bunny a PETA, me te Tohu Hokohoko Vegan a te Vegan Society. He taputapu whai hua ēnei tautoko i roto i te tukanga whakatau mō te hunga e whakapau kaha ana ki te hoko hua e hangai ana ki ō rātou whakapono matatika. Kei te whakahou tonu ngā whakahaere oranga kararehe i ā rātou rārangi me ngā mōhiohio, me te whakarite kia whai wāhi te marea ki ngā rauemi tika me te pono i te wā e rapu ana i ngā huarahi kē atu mō te kore-whakaeke kararehe me te vegan.
Heoi, he mea nui kia maumahara ka taea te huri i ngā mea. Ko tētahi waitohu kua whakamanahia he kore-whakaeke kararehe, he kai huawhenua rānei i ēnei rā, tērā pea ka riro mai i tētahi rangatira hou, i tētahi kamupene rānei ā muri ake nei, ā, tērā pea kāore aua rangatira hou e piri ki ngā mātāpono matatika rite tonu ki ngā kaiwhakaū taketake. Tērā pea ka ngaro te tiwhikete kore-whakaeke kararehe, kai huawhenua rānei o tētahi waitohu. He āhuatanga uaua tēnei, nā te mea ka taea e ngā uara o te waitohu taketake te huri i ētahi wā me te rangatira hou, ā, kāore pea tēnei nekehanga e kitea tonutia e te kaihoko.
Kei te whanake tonu te umanga ataahua me te tiaki whaiaro, ā, nā tēnā, ka pōuriuri pea ngā paerewa mō te mea he hua kore-whakaeke kararehe, he hua huawhenua rānei. Hei tauira, ko ētahi waitohu i mau tonu te tūnga kore-whakaeke kararehe i mua, ka tīmata pea ki te whakamātautau kararehe, ki te whakamahi rānei i ngā kai i ahu mai i te kararehe i roto i ā rātou hanganga me te kore e whakahou i ā rātou tapanga hua, i ā rātou tiwhikete rānei. Tērā pea ka kitea tēnei e ngā kaihoko e ngākau nui ana ki te oranga kararehe he mea whakarihariha, nā te mea he uaua ki te whai i ēnei huringa me te whakarite kia rite ā rātou hoko ki ō rātou uara.
I ēnei wā, he mea nui kia whakawhirinaki ki te mahi tonu a ngā whakahaere tiaki kararehe pono, nā te mea ko rātou tonu te hunga kei mua i te aro turuki i ēnei huringa. Ka mahi kaha ēnei whakahaere ki te whakarato i ngā mōhiohio hou mō ngā waitohu e kore e tukino i ngā kararehe, e kai huawhenua rānei, engari nā te āhua hurihuri tonu o te umanga, kāore e taea e rātou te whakarato i te māramatanga tino tika. He mea nui kia noho mōhio tonu mā te tirotiro i ngā rārangi hou, te pānui i ngā tapanga hua, me te tautoko i ngā waitohu e mārama ana mō ā rātou mahi matatika.
Me whakaae hoki tātou ki ngā herenga o tō tātou ake tūranga hei kaihoko. Ahakoa e kaha ana tātou ki te whakatau i ngā kōwhiringa matatika me te tautoko i ngā waitohu kore-whakaeke kararehe, ngā waitohu huawhenua rānei, ehara i te mea ngāwari te noho mōhio tonu ki ia waitohu, ki ia hua rānei ka hokona e tātou. Ka puta ngā huringa, ā, i ētahi wā, kāore pea tātou e kite i ngā whakahoutanga katoa. Ko te mea nui ko te whakapau kaha tonu ki te whiriwhiri i ngā hua kore-whakaeke kararehe me ngā hua huawhenua i ngā wā katoa e taea ai, me te tautoko i ngā whakahaere e mahi ana ki te whakapai ake i te umanga.
Ngā Mea Ka Taea e Koe te Mahi
He mea nui ia mahi, ā, mā te mahi tahi, ka taea e tātou te hanga i tētahi rerekētanga nui i roto i te pakanga ki ngā whakamātautau kararehe i roto i te umanga whakapaipai. Anei ētahi huarahi hei āwhina i a koe ki te waihanga i tētahi ao kore tukino mō ngā hua ataahua:
- Tautoko i ngā Waitohu Kore-Whakamātautau me ngā Waitohu Huawhenua
Ko tētahi o ngā mea tino whai pānga ka taea e koe ko te whiriwhiri ki te hoko mai i ngā waitohu kua whakamanahia he kore-whakamātautau me te huawhenua. Rapua ngā waitohu pono, pērā i a Leaping Bunny, i te PETA rānei, he waitohu kore-whakamātautau, kia kore ai ngā hua e hokona ana e koe e whakamatautauria ki ngā kararehe, ā, kia kore ai hoki he kai mai i ngā kararehe. Mā te tautoko i ēnei waitohu, ka āwhina koe ki te waihanga i te hiahia mō ngā hua kore-whakamātautau, ā, ka akiaki i ētahi atu kia whai i te tauira.- Whakaakohia Koe Anō me Ētahi Atu
Kia mau tonu te mōhiotanga ki te take o te whakamātautau kararehe me ngā huarahi kē atu e wātea ana. Ko te mātauranga te mana, ā, mā te mārama ki te kino i puta mai i te whakamātautau kararehe me ngā painga o ngā tikanga kore-whakamātautau kararehe, ka taea e koe te whakatau pai ake me te whakapuaki i aua mōhiotanga ki ētahi atu. Whakawhanuitia te mōhiotanga mā te kōrero mō ngā kōwhiringa kore-whakamātautau kararehe me ngā hoa, te whānau, me ngā hoa mahi, me te whakatenatena i a rātou kia tū atu ki te whakahē i te whakamātautau kararehe.- Whakauru atu ki ngā Kaupapa Whakatairanga
Whakauru atu ki ngā kaupapa e whakaara ake ana i te mōhiotanga mō te whakamātautau kararehe, me te tautoko i te kaupapa hei whakamutu. He maha ngā whakahaere e whakahaere ana i ngā pitihana, i ngā kaupapa whakamōhiotanga, me ngā kaupapa ipurangi e hiahia ana ki tō reo. Mā te hainatanga i ngā pitihana, te tohatoha i ngā mōhiohio ki ngā pāpāho pāpori, me te whai wāhi atu ki ngā huihuinga, ka taea e koe te whakanui ake i te karere me te pēhi i ngā waitohu me ngā kāwanatanga kia mahi.- Tautoko i te Huringa Kaupapa Here
Whakapā atu ki ō kaitōrangapū me ngā kāwanatanga ā-rohe ki te whakapuaki i tō tūnga mō te whakamātautau kararehe. Me whakarongo ngā kaitōrangapū me ngā kaihanga kaupapa here ki ngā tāngata whenua e aro nui ana ki te oranga o ngā kararehe. Mā te tuhi reta, te waea atu, te whakauru atu rānei ki ngā pitihana hei aukati i te whakamātautau kararehe, ka taea e koe te āwhina ki te akiaki i ngā huringa ture ka aukati i te whakamātautau kararehe mō ngā mea whakapaipai.- Kōwhiria kia Hei Kaihoko Kawenga
Tirohia tonutia ngā tapanga me te rangahau i ngā waitohu e tautokona ana e koe. Mena kāore tētahi waitohu i te kore-whakaeke kararehe, i te kore rānei koe i te tino mōhio ki ā rātou mahi, whakapā atu ki a rātou me te pātai atu mō ā rātou kaupapa here whakamātautau kararehe. He maha ngā kamupene e whakanui ana i ngā urupare a ngā kiritaki, ā, mā te whakapuaki i ō āwangawanga, ka tukuna e koe he karere kei te piki haere te hiahia mō ngā hua kore-whakaeke kararehe. Ka taea e āu hoko te whai pānga nui ki te umanga.- Tautoko i ngā Whakahaere Oranga Kararehe
Tukua he koha, he mahi tūao rānei ki ngā whakahaere e mahi ana ki te whakamutu i ngā whakamātautau kararehe. He mahi nui tā ēnei rōpū ki te tautoko, ki te rangahau, me te mātauranga e hiahiatia ana hei akiaki i te huringa. Ka āwhina tō tautoko ki te putea i ngā kaupapa, ki te whakarato rauemi mō ngā kaihoko, me te haere tonu i te pakanga ki te tiaki i ngā kararehe i roto i te umanga ataahua me tua atu.- Whakatenatenahia ngā Waitohu kia Pai Ake te Mahi
Whakapā atu ki ō waitohu ataahua tino pai, ā, whakatenatenahia rātou kia whakamahi i ngā tikanga kore-whakaeke kararehe. Me mōhio rātou e aro nui ana koe ki ngā tikanga matatika o ngā hua e whakamahia ana e koe, ā, e tumanako ana koe kia mutu tā rātou whakamātautau kararehe, kia rapu huarahi kē atu i te kore-whakaeke kararehe. He maha ngā waitohu e aro ana ki te tono a ngā kaihoko, ā, ka whakaaro anō pea rātou ki ā rātou kaupapa here whakamātautau i runga i te pēhanga a te marea.Mā te mahi i ēnei mahi, ka noho koe hei wāhanga nui o te kaupapa ā-ao e anga atu ana ki tētahi umanga whakapaipai kore-whakaeke. Ahakoa te iti o āu mahi, ka honoa, ā, mā te mahi tahi, ka taea e tātou te waihanga i tētahi ao kāore e wharahia ngā kararehe mō te ataahua. Mā ia kōwhiringa ka taea e koe te whai pānga pumau.
