8 Izimfihlo Zemboni Yezokudoba Kwembulwa

Imboni yokudoba ingomunye wemikhakha emibi kakhulu yemboni yokuxhashazwa kwezilwane ehlala ikhohlisa. Nanka amaqiniso ayisishiyagalombili le mboni engafuni umphakathi wazi.

Noma iyiphi imboni yezohwebo isebenzisa inkulumo-ze.

Basebenzisa amasu okukhangisa nokukhangisa ukuze bahlale benxenxa abantu abaningi ngokwengeziwe ukuthi bathenge imikhiqizo yabo ngentengo abayicelayo, ngokuvamile bekhohlisa amakhasimende kule nqubo ngokwenza ihaba amaqiniso amahle kanye nokubukela phansi amaqiniso amabi mayelana nemikhiqizo yabo kanye nemikhuba. Ezinye izici zezimboni zabo abazama ukuzifihla zimbi kangangokuthi bafuna ukuzigcina ziyimfihlo ngokuphelele. Lawa maqhinga asetshenziswa ngoba ukube amakhasimende ayazi, abezothuka, futhi angabe esathenga imikhiqizo yawo. Imboni yokudoba, kanye nenkampani engaphansi kwayo imboni yezasemanzini , iyafana. Uma ubheka ukuthi zicekela phansi futhi azikhohlisi kanjani njengezimboni, maningi amaqiniso abangafuni umphakathi wazi. Nazi eziyisishiyagalombili nje zazo.

1. Iningi lezilwane ezinomgogodla ezibulawa abantu zibulawa imboni yokudoba

Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, isintu besibulala ezinye izidalwa ezizwelayo ngezinga lezinkanyezi kangangokuthi izibalo zibalwa ngezigidigidi. Eqinisweni, ukuhlanganisa yonke into , abantu manje babulala izilwane ezingaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezi-5 minyaka yonke. Eziningi zazo ziyizilwane ezingenamgogodla, kodwa uma sibala izilwane ezinomgogodla kuphela, imboni yokudoba ingumbulali wenani eliphakeme kakhulu. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi cishe ithriliyoni eyodwa kuya kwezingu-2.8 izinhlanzi ezibulawa minyaka yonke yizindawo zokudoba endle kanye nezimboni zezilwane zasemanzini ezivalelwe (eziphinde zibulale izinhlanzi ezibanjwe endle ukuze ziphakele izinhlanzi ezifuywayo).

I-Fishcount.org ilinganisela ukuthi phakathi kuka-1.1 no-2.2 izinhlanzi zasendle ezibanjwa minyaka yonke, ngokwesilinganiso, phakathi kuka-2000-2019. Cishe isigamu salokhu sasetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlanzi kanye nowoyela. Baphinde balinganisela ukuthi izinhlanzi ezifuywayo eziyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-124 zabulawa ukuze zidle ngo-2019 (zisukela phakathi kwezigidigidi ezingama-78 neziyi-171). Iziqhingi zaseFalkland, okuyindawo yaseBrithani, zinerekhodi lezinhlanzi eziningi ezibulawa umuntu ngamunye, ezine- 22,000kg yenyama ephuma ezinhlanzini ezibulewe umuntu ngamunye ngonyaka. Izimboni zokudoba kanye nezasemanzini azifuni ukuthi wazi ukuthi zihlangene, ziyizimboni ezibulala kakhulu izilwane ezinomgogodla eMhlabeni.

2. Izilwane eziningi ezifuywa efekthri zigcinwa imboni yokudoba

Ngenxa yokuvalelwa ngokweqile kanye nenani elikhulu lokuhlupheka kwezilwane okukudalayo, ukulima kwasefekthri kuya ngokuya kungathandeki kumakhasimende athanda inyama, angase ancamele ukudla izilwane ezifuywayo nezibulawa ngezinye izindlela. Ngokwengxenye ngenxa yalokhu, abanye abantu - ababizwa ngokuthi ama-pescatarians - balahle inyama yezinkukhu, izingulube, nezinkomo ekudleni kwabo, kodwa esikhundleni sokudla imifino noma i-vegan, bakhetha ukudla izilwane zasemanzini, becabanga ukuthi azisafaki isandla kulokhu. amapulazi emboni esabekayo. Nokho, baye bakhohliswa. Izimboni zokudoba nezokufuywa kwezilwane zasemanzini azifuni abathengi bazi ukuthi amathani angaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili enyama yama-salmon athunjwa akhiqizwa minyaka yonke, okubalelwa ku- 70% wawo wonke ama-salmon adliwa abantu, futhi iningi lama-crustaceans adliwayo ayafuywa, hhayi. ebanjwe zasendle.

Ngokombiko we-The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2020 weNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene Zokudla Nezolimo, ngonyaka wezi-2018, amathani ayizigidi eziyi-9.4 emizimba yama-crustacean akhiqizwa emapulazini efektri, anenani lokuhweba lama-USD 69.3 billion. Ngo-2015, ingqikithi yayingamathani ayizigidi ezingu-8 , futhi ngo-2010, yayingamathani ayizigidi ezi-4. Ngo-2022, ukukhiqizwa kwama-crustaceans kwafinyelela amathani ayizigidi ezingu-11.2 , okubonisa ukuthi eminyakeni eyishumi nambili, ukukhiqizwa cishe sekuphindwe kathathu.

Ngonyaka ka-2018 kuphela, imboni yezokudoba emhlabeni yathumba amathani ayizigidi eziyisi-6 zama-crustaceans endle, futhi uma sengeza lawa kumathani ayizigidi ezingu-9.4 akhiqizwa ngalowo nyaka ngokufuywa kwezilwane zasemanzini, lokhu kusho ukuthi u-61% wama-crustaceans asetshenziselwa ukudla kwabantu avela ekulimeni kwasefemini. Inani lama-decapod crustaceans abulawa ekukhiqizeni okurekhodiwe kwe-aquaculture ngo-2017 lilinganiselwa ku-43-75 billion crayfish, izinkalankala, nama-lobster, kanye ne-210-530 yezigidigidi nezimfanzi. Uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi izilwane zasezweni ezingaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-80 zihlatshwa ngenjongo yokudla minyaka yonke (izigidi ezingu-66 zazo okuyizinkukhu), lokhu kusho ukuthi izisulu eziningi zokulima emafekthri ama-crustaceans, hhayi izilwane ezincelisayo noma izinyoni. Imboni yokufuywa kwezilwane zasemanzini ayifuni ukuthi wazi ukuthi iyona mboni enezilwane ezifuywa kakhulu efemini.

3. Ukudotshwa kwezinhlanzi kungenye yemisebenzi emosha kakhulu kunoma iyiphi imboni

Imboni yokudoba iyona kuphela imboni enegama lezilwane ezingaphezu kweqile ezibulalayo, ukufa kwazo okungeke kuzinikeze inzuzo: ukubanjwa ngokungemthetho. I-Fisheries bycatch iwukubanjwa nokufa kwezinhlobo zasolwandle okungahlosiwe ngazo ngezimpahla zokudoba. Kungabandakanya izinhlanzi ezingahlosiwe, izilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle, izimfudu zasolwandle, izinyoni zasolwandle, ama-crustaceans, nezinye izilwane zasolwandle ezingenamgogodla. I-bycatch iyinkinga engathi sína yokuziphatha ngoba ilimaza izidalwa eziningi ezizwelayo, futhi iyinkinga yokongiwa kwemvelo ngoba ingalimaza noma ibulale amalungu ezilwane ezisengozini yokushabalala nezisengozini.

Ngokombiko we-Oceana, kulinganiselwa ukuthi emhlabeni wonke, kubanjwa amapondo ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-63 minyaka yonke, futhi ngokusho kwe-WWF, cishe u -40% wezinhlanzi ezidotshwa emhlabeni wonke zibanjwa ngokungenhloso futhi ngokwengxenye zijikijelwa olwandle, zifile noma ziyafa. .

Balinganiselwa ezigidini ezingu-50 oshaka ababulawa njengezinhlanzi ezingabanjwa minyaka yonke. I-WWF iphinda ilinganise ukuthi imikhomo emincane namahlengethwa angu-300,000, izimfudu ezingu-250,000 ezisengozini yokushabalala ( Caretta caretta Dermochelys coriacea ezisengozini yokushabalala , kanye nezinyoni zasolwandle ezingu-300,000, kuhlanganise nezinhlobo eziningi ze-albatros eziyizisulu zezinhlanzi zonyaka. Izimboni zokudoba kanye nezasemanzini azifuni ukuthi wazi ukuthi zingezinye zezimboni ezimoshayo nezingasebenzi kahle emhlabeni.

4. Imikhiqizo imboni yokudoba ethengiselwa amakhasimende iqukethe ubuthi

Ukulima ama-salmon kudala izingozi zempilo ezingaba khona kubantu abadla inyama yeziboshwa zakhona. Amasaumoni afuywayo angase abe namazinga aphezulu okungcola kunamasaumoni asendle. Ukungcola okuvamile kuhlanganisa i-mercury nama-PCB, ahlotshaniswa nomdlavuza, ukuphazamiseka kwezinzwa, nezinkinga zamasosha omzimba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-saumoni afuywayo achayeka kuma-antibiotics, izibulala-zinambuzane, namahomoni angathinta impilo yabantu, futhi angakha amagciwane amelana nama-antibiotic angenza ukwelashwa kwabantu kube inselele kakhulu.

Kodwa-ke, ukudla ama-salmon asendle akunempilo futhi, njengoba ngokuvamile, zonke izinhlanzi ziqoqa ubuthi kukho konke ukuphila kwazo. Njengoba izinhlanzi zivame ukudla zodwa, zinqwabelanisa emizimbeni yazo bonke ubuthi izinhlanzi ezidliwe ezazibuthelwe kukho konke ukuphila kwazo futhi zigcinwe emafutheni azo, okwandisa ubuthi lapho inhlanzi iba nkulu nangaphezulu. Ngokungcoliswa kwamabomu njengokulahlwa kwendle, isintu besichitha lobu buthi olwandle ngethemba lokuthi buzobashiya lapho, kodwa bubuyela kubantu buyizitsha zezinhlanzi ezidliwa ngabantu. Abantu abaningi abadla lezi zitsha bazogcina begula kakhulu. Isibonelo, usomabhizinisi uTony Robins kwaxoxwa naye kudokhumentari ethi " Eating Our Way to Extinction ", futhi wabelane ngolwazi lwakhe lokuhlushwa ubuthi be-mercury ngoba wanquma ukuba yi-pescatarian ngemuva kokuba i-vegan iminyaka engu-12.

I-Methylmercury iwuhlobo lwe-mercury kanye nenhlanganisela enobuthi kakhulu futhi ivame ukwakheka ngokuthintana kwe-mercury namagciwane. Abacwaningi baseYunivesithi yaseHarvard bathola ukuthi izinhlobo eziningi zezinhlanzi zibonisa amazinga akhulayo e-methylmercury, futhi bathola ukuthi kungani. Ulwelwe lumunca i-organic methylmercury engcolisa amanzi, ngakho-ke izinhlanzi ezidla lolu lwelwe nazo zimunca lesi sithako esinobuthi, futhi lapho izinhlanzi ezinkulu eziphezu kochungechunge lokudla zidla lezi zinhlanzi, zinqwabelanisa i-methylmercury ngobuningi. Cishe u-82% wokuchayeka ku-methylmercury kubathengi base-US uvela ekudleni izilwane zasemanzini. Izimboni zokudoba kanye nezasemanzini azifuni wazi ukuthi zidayisa ukudla okunobuthi obuyingozi.

5. Imboni yokudoba ingenye yezinzile kancane emhlabeni

Ngaphezu kwengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yezindawo zokudoba emhlabeni wonke ziye zadotshwa ngaphezu kwemingcele esimeme njengoba abantu abaningi beqhubeka nokudla inyama yezilwane zasolwandle. Imboni yokufuya izinhlanzi zasemanzini ayisizi, ngoba ukuze ufuye uhlobo oluthile lwezinhlanzi, kudingeka ukubamba ezinye endle ukuze zondle izilwane ezifuywayo. Izinhlanzi eziningi ezifuywayo, njengama-salmon, ziyizilwane ezidla ezinye, ngakho kumelwe ziphakelwe ezinye izinhlanzi ukuze ziphile. Ama-salmon kufanele adle cishe amakhilogremu amahlanu enyama ezinhlanzini ukuze athole isisindo sekhilogremu, ngakho kuthatha izinhlanzi ezibanjwe zasendle ezingaba ngu-70 ukukhiqiza i-salmon eyodwa ekhuliswe epulazini.

Ukudoba ngokweqile kubulala ngokuqondile inqwaba yezinhlanzi, kusondeza izinhlobo ezithile zokushabalala. NgokweNhlangano Yezokudla Nezolimo yeNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene, inani lezinhlanzi ezidotshwa ngokweqile emhlabeni wonke liye laphindeka kathathu phakathi nengxenye yekhulu leminyaka , futhi namuhla, ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yezindawo zokudoba ezihloliwe emhlabeni wonke njengamanje zeqelwe ngaphezu kwemingcele yazo yezinto eziphilayo. Izilwandle zomhlaba zingase zingabi nalutho lwezinhlanzi ezihloswe yimboni ngo-2048 . Ucwaningo lweminyaka emine lwezinhlobo zasolwandle ezingu-7,800 lwaphetha ngokuthi ukuthambekela kwesikhathi eside kucacile futhi kuyabikezelwa. Cishe u-80% wezindawo zokudoba emhlabeni wonke sezivele zixhashazwe ngokugcwele, sezixhashazwe kakhulu, seziphelile, noma zisesimweni sokuwa.

Cishe u-90% wezinhlanzi ezinkulu ezidla inyama ezihloselwe abantu, njengoshaka, i-tuna, i-marlin, ne-swordfish, seziphelile. Izinhlanzi ze-tuna sezibulewe imboni yokudoba amakhulu eminyaka, njengoba amazwe amaningi ethengisa ngenyama yazo, futhi azingelwa ezemidlalo. Ngenxa yalokho, ezinye izinhlobo ze-tuna manje zisengozini yokushabalala. Ngokusho kwe-International Union for the Conservation of Nature, i-Southern Bluefin Tuna ( Thunnus maccoyii ) manje isibhaliswe njenge-Endangered, i-Pacific Bluefin Tuna ( Thunnus orientalisas ) Njengesengcupheni Eseduze, kanye ne-Bigeye Tuna ( Thunnus obesus ) Njengesengcupheni. Imboni yokudoba ayifuni ukuba wazi ukuthi ingenye yezimboni ezingasimeme kakhulu emhlabeni, futhi iqeda isibalo sezinhlanzi ngezinga elingangokuthi eziningi zingashabalala.

6. Imboni yokudoba ibhubhisa izilwandle

Ngaphezu kokubulala izigidi zezigidi zezilwane, kunezindlela ezimbili ezengeziwe imboni yezokudoba ecekela ngazo ulwandle ngendlela engakhethi: ukudotshwa ngamanetha nokungcolisa. I-Trawling yindlela esetshenziswa lapho inetha elikhulu lihudulwa, ngokuvamile phakathi kwemikhumbi emibili emikhulu, olwandle. Lamanetha abamba cishe yonke into esendleleni yawo , okuhlanganisa izixhobo zamakhorali nezimfudu zasolwandle, acekela phansi yonke indawo olwandle. Lapho amanetha okudoba egcwele, akhishwa emanzini ayiswe emikhunjini, okubangela ukuminza nokuchoboza zife eziningi zezilwane ezibanjiwe. Ngemva kokuba abadobi bevule amanetha, bahlunga izilwane futhi bahlukanise lezo ezizifunayo ezilwaneni ezingahlosiwe, bese ziphonswa emuva olwandle, kodwa ngaleso sikhathi, kungenzeka ukuthi sezifile.

Izinga eliphakeme kakhulu lokubamba ngokudotshwa ngamanethi lihlotshaniswa nokudotshwa kwezimfanzi ezishisayo. Ngo-1997, i-FAO yathola amazinga okulahla (izilinganiso ze-bycatch to catch ratios) aphezulu njengo-20:1 ngesilinganiso somhlaba esingu-5.7:1 . Imboni yokudoba ngamanethi ama-shrimp ibamba u-2% yenani eliphelele lokudotshwa emhlabeni kwazo zonke izinhlanzi ngesisindo, kodwa ikhiqiza ngaphezu kwengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yenani eliphelele lokudotshwa kwezinhlanzi emhlabeni. Amanethi ezinhlanzi ezimfanzi ase-US akhiqiza izilinganiso ze-bycatch phakathi kuka-3:1 (3 bycatch:1 izimfanzi) kanye no-15:1 (15 bycatch:1 izimfanzi). Ngokusho kwe -Seafood Watch , ngephawundi ngalinye lezimfanzi ezibanjiwe, kufika kumakhilogremu ayisithupha we-bycatch ebanjwayo. Wonke lawa mavelu awabukelwa phansi (ucwaningo lwango-2018 lubonise ukuthi izigidi zamathani ezinhlanzi eziphuma ezikebheni zama-trawler azibikwanga kule minyaka engu-50 edlule ).

Ukungcoliswa kwamanzi kungomunye umthombo wokucekelwa phansi kwemvelo embonini yokudoba, futhi lokhu ikakhulukazi ekufuyweni kwezilwane zasemanzini. Ukulima ama-salmon kubangela ukungcola nokungcoliswa kwamanzi azungezile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi udoti, amakhemikhali, kanye nemithi elwa namagciwane evela emapulazini e-salmon ithululelwa emanzini ngaphandle kokwelashwa. Amapulazi ama-salmon angaba ngu-200 eScotland akhiqiza amathani angaba ngu-150 000 enyama ye-salmon ngonyaka, kanye nezinkulungwane zamathani emfucumfucu, okuhlanganisa indle, imfucumfucu yokudla nezibulala-zinambuzane . Lokhu kungcola kunqwabelana olwandle futhi kuthinte izinga lamanzi, ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo, kanye nebhalansi ye-ecosystem. Izimboni zokudoba kanye nezasemanzini azifuni ukuthi wazi ukuthi zingezinye zezimboni ezicekela phansi kakhulu imvelo emhlabeni.

7. Asikho isilwane esibulawa embonini yokudoba esibulawa ngokobuntu

Izinhlanzi ziyizilwane ezizwelayo ezikwazi ukuzwa ubuhlungu nokuhlupheka. Ubufakazi besayensi obusekela lokhu sebuneminyaka bakha futhi manje buvunywa kabanzi ngososayensi abaphambili emhlabeni wonke. Izinhlanzi zinezinzwa ezithuthuke kakhulu , okuhlanganisa ukunambitha, ukuthinta, ukuhogela, ukuzwa, nokubona umbala, ukuze zikwazi ukubona indawo yazo, enye yezimfuneko zomuzwa. Kunobufakazi obuningi bokuthi izinhlanzi nazo zizwa ubuhlungu.

Ngakho-ke, ngaphezu kokulahlekelwa ukuphila kwazo, indlela izinhlanzi ezibulawa ngayo ingababangela ubuhlungu nokucindezeleka okukhulu, njengoba kungaba njalo nanganoma yisiphi esinye isilwane esinomgogodla. Imithetho eminingi nezinqubomgomo zilawula izindlela abantu abavunyelwe ukuzisebenzisa ekuhlabeni izilwane, futhi eminyakeni edlule, kuye kwaba nemizamo yokwenza lezi zindlela zibe "zobuntu". Kodwa-ke, ayikho into ebizwa ngokuthi indlela yobuntu yokuhlaba , ngakho-ke noma iyiphi indlela imboni yokudoba eyisebenzisayo izobe ingenabuntu, njengoba iphumela ekufeni kwesilwane. Ezinye izimboni zokuxhashazwa kwezilwane okungenani zizama ukunciphisa izinga lobuhlungu futhi zenze izilwane ziquleke ngaphambi kokuba zizibulale (nakuba ngokuvamile zihluleka kulokhu), kuyilapho imboni yokudoba ingazihluphi. Iningi lezinhlanzi nezinye izilwane zasemanzini ezifayo ngenxa yemboni kubangelwa ukuphefumulelwa umoya, njengoba izilwane zikhishwa emanzini futhi ziphefumule ngenxa yokuntuleka komoyampilo (njengoba zikwazi ukuthatha umoya-mpilo kuphela oncibilikisiwe emanzini). Lokhu ukufa okubi okuvame ukuthatha isikhathi eside. Kodwa-ke, ngokuvamile izinhlanzi zikhishwa isisu lapho zisanengqondo (zikwazi ukuzwa ubuhlungu nokubona okwenzekayo), zandisa ukuhlupheka kwazo kakhulu.

Ocwaningweni lwamaDashi lwe-herring, cod, whiteing, sole, dab and plaice, isikhathi esithathwayo ukuze izinhlanzi zingazweli sasikalwa ngezinhlanzi ezikhishwa amathumbu, kanye nokuphefumula kukodwa (ngaphandle kokuqunjelwa). Kwatholakala ukuthi kwadlula isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba inhlanzi ingabi nangqondo, okwakuyimizuzu engu-25-65 endabeni yokuqhunyiswa kwamathumbu ephila, kanye nemizuzu engu-55-250 esimweni sokuphefumula ngaphandle kokuqunjelwa. Izimboni zokudoba nezezilwane zasemanzini azifuni ukuthi wazi ukuthi izinhlanzi zizwa ubuhlungu futhi zifa ngobuhlungu ezandleni zazo.

8. Imboni yokudoba ixhaswa kakhulu ngohulumeni

Ukulima kwezilwane kuxhaswe kakhulu. Phakathi kwalolo xhaso (olugcina luvela emalini yabakhokhi bentela), izimboni zokudoba nezokuzalanisa izilwane zasemanzini zithola uxhaso olukhulu lwezimali oluvela kohulumeni, azibhebhethekisi izinkinga ezibangelwa yilezi zimboni kuphela kodwa nokudala ukungasebenzi kahle kwezentengiselwano kwezolimo olusimeme olusekelwe ezitshalo. yakha umhlaba we-vegan wesikhathi esizayo - lapho izinkinga eziningi zamanje zomhlaba zizogwenywa.

Kwezinye izimo, imboni yokudoba ixhaswa ukuze iqhubeke nokudoba, ngisho noma zingekho izinhlanzi ezingabanjwa. Njengamanje, uxhaso lwaminyaka yonke lwezindawo zokudoba zasolwandle emhlabeni wonke lufinyelela kumaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-35, okumelela cishe ama-30% yenani lokuqala lokudayiswa kwazo zonke izinhlanzi ezidotshiwe. Le mixhaso ihlanganisa izinto ezinjengokwesekwa kukaphethiloli oshibhile, amathuluzi, kanye nemikhumbi yemikhumbi, okuvumela imikhumbi ukuba yandise imisebenzi yayo elimazayo futhi igcine iholele ekuncipheni kwenani lezinhlanzi, isivuno esiphansi sokudoba, kanye nokuncipha kwemali engenayo yabadobi. Lezi zinhlobo zoxhaso zivame ukuvuna abadobi abakhulu abacekela phansi kakhulu. Izifunda ezinhlanu eziphezulu ezixhasa imboni yazo yokudoba yiShayina, i-European Union, i-US, iSouth Korea, ne-Japan, ezibalelwa ku-58% (amabhiliyoni angama-20.5) wezigidigidi ezingama-35.4 zamaRandi asetshenziswe emhlabeni jikelele.

Yize ezinye izibonelelo kuhloswe ngazo ukusiza ukugcina abadobi abadobela ukuziphilisa ebhizinisini ngezikhathi ezinzima, ucwaningo lwango-2019 lwathola ukuthi imali elinganiselwa ku-$22 billion yezinkokhelo ezilinganiselwa ku-$35.4 billion ifaneleka “njengemixhaso eyingozi” (ukuxhasa ngezimali imikhumbi yezimboni engayidingi imali ngakho-ke yisebenzise ukudoba ngokweqile). Ngo-2023, amazwe angamalungu angu-164 eNhlangano Yezohwebo Yomhlaba avumelana ngokuthi kufanele aqede lezi zinkokhelo eziyingozi. Imboni yezasemanzini nayo ithola uxhaso olungalungile. Izimboni zokudoba nezokufuywa kwezilwane zasemanzini azifuni nazi ukuthi zithola imali yabakhokhi bentela, futhi lokhu kuxhasa ikhono lazo lokuqhubeka nokucekela phansi izilwandle kanye nezigidigidi zezimpilo zezidalwa ezinozwela.

Lawa amanye amaqiniso imboni yokudoba engenasimilo engafuni ukuthi uwazi, ngakho njengoba usuwazi, asikho isizathu sokuqhubeka nokubaseka. Indlela engcono kakhulu ongakwenza ngayo lokho iwukuba i-vegan futhi umise ukwesekwa kwakho kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lokuxhashazwa kwezilwane.

Ungakhohliswa abaxhaphazi abayingozi nezimfihlo zabo ezimbi.

Ukuze uthole usizo lwamahhala lokudla inyama yezilwane: https://bit.ly/VeganFTA22