Umkhuhlane wezinyoni, noma umkhuhlane wezinyoni, usanda kuphinda uqhamuke njengokukhathazeka okubalulekile, ngezinhlobo ezahlukene ezitholwe kubantu emazwenikazi amaningi. E-United States kuphela, abantu abathathu bathole i-H5N1 strain, kanti eMexico, umuntu oyedwa unqotshwe yi-H5N2 strain. Lesi sifo siphinde sikhonjwe emihlambini yobisi eyi-118 ezifundazweni eziyi-12 zase-US. Nakuba umkhuhlane wezinyoni ungasuleleki kalula phakathi kwabantu, izazi zezifo eziwumshayabhuqe zikhathazeka ngokuthi kungenzeka kube khona izinguquko zesikhathi esizayo ezingase zikhulise ukusuleleka kwawo.
Lesi sihloko sinikeza ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nomkhuhlane wezinyoni nemithelela yawo empilweni yomuntu. Ihlola ukuthi uyini umkhuhlane wezinyoni, ukuthi ungathinta kanjani abantu, izimpawu okufanele uzibukele, kanye nesimo samanje sezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene. Ukwengeza, ibhekana nezingozi ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa kobisi olungaphekiwe futhi ihlola amandla okuthi umkhuhlane wezinyoni uguquke ube ubhubhane lwabantu. Ukuqonda lezi zici kubalulekile ukuze uhlale unolwazi futhi uzilungiselele lapho ubhekene nalolu songo lwezempilo oluvelayo.
Umkhuhlane wezinyoni ubulokhu ubuya, nezinhlobo eziningi ezitholwe kubantu abaningi emazwenikazi amaningi kulezi zinyanga ezimbalwa ezedlule. Kulokhu kubhalwa, abantu abathathu e - US bathole i-H5N1 strain , umuntu oyedwa eMexico ushonile ngenxa ye-H5N2 , kanti i - H5N1 itholakale emihlambini yobisi yase-US engu - 118 ezifundazweni ezingu - 12 . Ngokujabulisayo, lesi sifo asitheleleki kalula phakathi kwabantu - kodwa ezinye izazi zezifo eziwumqedazwe ziyesaba ukuthi ekugcineni, sizoba njalo.
Nakhu okudingeka ukwazi ngomkhuhlane wezinyoni nempilo yomuntu .
Iyini I-Bird Flu?
Umkhuhlane wezinyoni, owaziwa nangokuthi umkhuhlane wezinyoni , uwushoshozela kumagciwane ohlobo A lomkhuhlane kanye nesifo esiwudalayo. Nakuba i-avian influenza ivamile ezinyonini, izinhlobo ezingezona ezezinyoni nazo zingawuthola.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi, eziningi ezihlukene zomkhuhlane wezinyoni . Kodwa-ke, izinhlobo eziningi ziyilokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-pathogenic ephansi , okusho ukuthi ayinazimpawu noma idala izimpawu ezithambile ezinyonini. Isibonelo, izinhlobo eziphansi ze-pathogenic zomkhuhlane wezinyoni, noma i-LPAI, zingabangela inkukhu ukuthi ibe nezimpaphe eziphuphumayo, noma ikhiqize amaqanda ambalwa kunokuvamile. Kodwa izinhlobo eziphezulu ze-pathogenic ze-avian influenza, noma i-HPAI, zibangela izimpawu ezinzima futhi ezivame ukubulala ezinyoni.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela, nokho, ukuthi lo mehluko phakathi kohlobo lwe-LPAI ne-HPAI usebenza kuphela lapho izinhlobo zezinyoni ziwuthola. Inkomo ethola uhlobo lwe-LPAI yomkhuhlane wezinyoni ingase ibe nezimpawu ezinzima, isibonelo, kuyilapho ihhashi elithola uhlobo lwe-HPAI lingase lingabonakali. Kubantu, zombili izinhlobo ze-LPAI ne-HPAI zomkhuhlane wezinyoni zingabangela kokubili izimpawu ezithambile nezinzima .
Ingabe Abantu Bangawuthola Umkhuhlane Wezinyoni?
Singakwazi ngempela.
Izinhlobo zomkhuhlane wezinyoni zihlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili ezihlukene ngokusekelwe kumaphrotheni amabili ahlukene ebusweni bazo . Iphrotheni i-hemagglutinin (HA) inezinhlobo ezincane eziyi-18 ezihlukene, ezibhalwe ukuthi H1-H18, kuyilapho i-protein neuraminidase inezinhlobo ezincane eziyi-11, ezibhalwe ukuthi N1-11. Amaprotheni amabili ahlangana namanye ukuze enze izinhlobo eziyingqayizivele zomkhuhlane wezinyoni, yingakho izinhlobo zinamagama afana ne-H1N1, H5N2, njalonjalo.
Eziningi zalezi zinhlobo azithinti abantu , kodwa ezimbalwa zazo ziyabathinti. Izinhlobo eziningi bezilokhu zithinta ikakhulukazi ama-epidemiologists:
- I-H7N9
- I-H5N1
- I-H5N6
- I-H5N2
Uhlobo lwamanje lomkhuhlane wezinyoni olutholwe kubantu yi-H5N1.
Abantu Bawuthola Kanjani Umkhuhlane Wezinyoni?
Ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu, kungenzeka ukuthi umkhuhlane wezinyoni udlule usuka kumuntu uye kumuntu . Nokho, isikhathi esiningi abantu bangenwa umkhuhlane wezinyoni ngokuthinta izilwane ezinalesi sifo noma imikhiqizo yazo. Lokhu kungasho ukuthinta isidumbu, amathe noma indle yenyoni enesifo; Nokho, umkhuhlane wenyoni nawo udluliselwa ngomoya , ngakho-ke ukuphefumula nje lapho useduze nesilwane esinaleli gciwane nakho kunganele ukuwuthola.
Awekho amacala abhaliwe abantu abangenwa umkhuhlane wezinyoni ngokuphuza ubisi olungaphekiwe , kodwa ezinye izimo zakamuva zibonisa ukuthi kungenzeka. Lolu hlobo lwamanje lutholakale obisini lwenkomo, kwathi ngoMashi, kwafa amakati amaningana ngemuva kokuphuza ubisi olungaphekiwe lwenkomo eyayinaleli gciwane.
Ziyini Izimpawu Zomkhuhlane Wezinyoni?
Ngengozi yokusho okusobala, izimpawu zomkhuhlane wezinyoni kubantu ngokuvamile yilokho umuntu angakuchaza ngokuthi “okufana nomkhuhlane,” okuhlanganisa:
- Imfiva
- Umphimbo obuhlungu
- Ikhala eligijimayo noma eliminyene
- Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
- Ukukhwehlela
- Ukukhathala
- Ubuhlungu bemisipha
- Uhudo
- Ukuphelelwa umoya
- Iso elibomvu
Izinyoni ezingenwe umkhuhlane wezinyoni , ngakolunye uhlangothi, zingase zibonise izimpawu ezihluke kancane, ezihlanganisa:
- Ukuncipha kwesifiso sokudla
- Ukushintsha umbala onsomi kwezingxenye zomzimba
- I-Lethargy
- Ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda okuncishisiwe
- Amaqanda anegobolondo elithambile noma angabunjwanga kahle
- Izinkinga ezijwayelekile zokuphefumula, njengokuphuma emakhaleni, ukukhwehlela kanye nokuthimula
- Ukuntuleka kokuxhumana
- Ukufa okuzumayo, okungaqondakali
Ingabe Abantu Bangabulawa Umkhuhlane Wezinyoni?
Yebo. Emashumini amathathu eminyaka selokhu kwatholakala umkhuhlane wezinyoni, bangu-860 abantu abawuthole, kwathi abangama-463 kubo bashona. Lokhu kusho ukuthi leli gciwane linenani elimangalisayo lokufa elingamaphesenti angama-52 , yize kungakaze kube nokufa kwabantu e-US okubangelwa ukusabalala kwalesi sifo kwakamuva lapha.
Ubani Osengcupheni Kakhulu Yokungenwa Umkhuhlane Wezinyoni?
Ngenxa yokuthi lesi sifo ngokuyinhloko sidluliselwa kubantu ngezilwane nemikhiqizo yazo, abantu abachitha isikhathi beseduze nezilwane basengozini enkulu yokuthola umkhuhlane wezinyoni. Izilwane zasendle nezifuywayo zibeka engcupheni enkulu kakhulu, kodwa ngisho nezinja zingangenwa umkhuhlane wezinyoni uma, ngokwesibonelo, zihlangana nesidumbu esinegciwane lesilwane esinaso. Abanikazi bezilwane zasekhaya izilwane zabo ezingaphumi ngaphandle abekho engozini.
Uma sikhuluma ngomsebenzi, abantu abasengozini enkulu yokuthola umkhuhlane wezinyoni yilabo abasebenza embonini yezinkukhu , njengoba bechitha isikhathi esiningi bezungeze izinyoni, imikhiqizo yazo kanye nezidumbu zazo. Kodwa izisebenzi zemfuyo yazo zonke izinhlobo zisengozini enkulu; umuntu wokuqala okwatholakala ukuthi unalo lolu hlobo lwakamuva kakhulu usebenza embonini yobisi, futhi kukholakala ukuthi ulubambe enkomeni .
Abanye abantu ababhekene nezingozi eziphakeme zomkhuhlane wezinyoni bahlanganisa abazingeli, abadayisi, abalondolozi bemvelo abathile, nanoma ubani omunye umsebenzi wakhe ohilela ukuthinta izilwane okungenzeka zinegciwane noma izidumbu zazo.
Kwenzekani Ngezinhlobo Zamanje Zomkhuhlane Wezinyoni?
Uhlobo lwe H5N1 belulokhu lusabalala kancane kancane emhlabeni wonke kusukela ngo - 2020 , kodwa kwaze kwaba ngoMashi lapho lwatholwa khona obisini olungagcotshiwe lwezinkomo zobisi zaseMelika . Lokhu kwakubalulekile ngenxa yezizathu ezimbili: kwakuyisenzakalo sokuqala esaziwayo salolo hlobo oluthelela izinkomo, futhi lwatholakala ezifundazweni eziningi. Ngo-April, lase lisakazekele emihlambini engu-13 ezifundazweni eziyisithupha ezahlukene .
Futhi ngaleso sikhathi, abantu baqala ukuthola i-H5N1 . Abantu ababili bokuqala baba nezimpawu ezithambile kuphela - i-pinkiye, ukucacisa - futhi balulama ngokushesha, kodwa isiguli sesithathu saphinde sakhwehlela namehlo agcwele amanzi .
Lokho kungase kuzwakale njengomehluko omncane, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi igciwane lingase lisakazeke kakhulu ngokukhwehlela kunokutheleleka ngeso, leso sigameko sesithathu sinochwepheshe begciwane onqenqemeni . Bobathathu babengabasebenzi basemapulazini ababeke bathintana nezinkomo zobisi.
NgoMeyi, i-H5N1 yayisitholakele esicutshini senkomo yobisi - yize inyama ingazange ingene lapho kutholakala khona futhi yayisivele imakwe njengengcolile, njengoba inkomo yayigula ngaphambili - kwathi ngoJuni, izinkomo ezazingenwe yileli gciwane. wayeshone ezifundazweni ezinhlanu.
Khonamanjalo, indoda yaseMexico yashona ngemva kokungenwa i-H5N2 , uhlobo oluhlukile lomkhuhlane wezinyoni owawungakaze ubonakale kubantu. Akuqondakali ukuthi wayithola kanjani.
Ukuqiniseka, asikho isizathu sokukholelwa ukuthi ukuqubuka okusabalele phakathi kwabantu kuseduze, noma kungenzeka (okwamanje). Kodwa iqiniso lokuthi kuye kwaba khona “ukuqala” komkhuhlane wezinyoni omningi kangaka ngesikhathi esifushane kangaka kunochwepheshe abaningi abathintekayo, njengoba liphakamisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uhlobo oluthile lungashintsha futhi luthatheleke kalula kubantu.
Nakuba ukufakwa okuningi kwe-H5N1 kugxile ezinkomeni, ukuqubuka kwamanje kuye kwadala umonakalo ezinkukhu, futhi: Kusukela ngoJuni 20, izinkukhu ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-97 ziye zathinteka yi-H5N1 , ngokusho kwe-CDC.
Ingabe Ukuphuza Ubisi Olungahluziwe Kuyisivimbeli Esisebenzayo Esilwa Nomkhuhlane Wezinyoni?
Lutho neze. Uma kukhona, ukuthintana nobisi oluluhlaza kukhulisa ukuchayeka kwakho kumkhuhlane wezinyoni, ingasaphathwa eyengozi yakho yokuthola ezinye izifo ezingase zibe zimbi kakhulu .
Ngo-Ephreli, i-Food and Drug Administration yamemezela ukuthi isampula yobisi e-1 kwangu-5 ezitolo zegrosa itholwe iqukethe iminonjana ye-H5N1. Lokho akwethusi njengoba kuzwakala; lawa masampula obisi afakwe i-pasteurized, futhi ucwaningo lokuqala lubonisa ukuthi i-pasteurization yenza i-neutralize , noma "yenza," amagciwane ohlobo A lomkhuhlane.
Okukhathaza kakhulu ukuthi ukuthengiswa kobisi olungakapheki kuyanda kusukela kwakamuva kwaqubuka umkhuhlane wezinyoni, okugqugquzelwe ngokwengxenye ulwazi olungaqondile lwegciwane olusatshalaliswa ngabagqugquzeli bezempilo abaveza ubisi olungaphekiwe.
Ingabe Umkhuhlane Wezinyoni Ungaba Ubhubhane Lomuntu?
Nakuba kunzima ukusho ngokuqinisekile, ukuvumelana okuvamile emphakathini wesayensi ukuthi izinhlobo ezikhona zomkhuhlane wezinyoni, ngezindlela ezikhona manje, akunakwenzeka ukuthi zifinyelele emazingeni obhubhane. Isizathu salokhu ukuthi cishe awalokothi adlule komunye umuntu aye komunye, futhi esikhundleni salokho aphuma ezilwaneni.
Kodwa amagciwane ashintshashintsha futhi ashintshe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi ukwesaba okuhlala isikhathi eside phakathi kwezazi zezifo eziwumshayabhuqe ukuthi uhlobo lomkhuhlane wezinyoni luzoshintsha, noma lubhekane nokuguqulwa kofuzo, ngendlela evumela ukuthi ludluliselwe kalula lusuka kumuntu luye kumuntu. Uma lokhu kungenzeka, ngokusobala kungaba ubhubhane lomhlaba wonke kubantu .
Itholakala Kanjani Umkhuhlane Wezinyoni?
Kubantu, umkhuhlane wezinyoni utholwa ngomphimbo olula noma nge-swab yamakhala, kodwa ochwepheshe bezifo ezithathelwanayo baxwayisa ngokuthi njengezinsuku zokuqala zobhubhane lwe-Covid, asihloli iningi labantu noma ukulinganisa izifo ezisakazwa emanzini angcolile. Ngamanye amazwi, asazi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi lesi sifo siyazungeza yini. Odokotela abajwayele ukuhlola umkhuhlane wezinyoni, ngakho-ke kuzodingeka ucele ukuhlolwa ngokuqondile uma ukhathazekile ukuthi ungase ube nawo.
Ingabe Izibhamu Ezijwayelekile Zomkhuhlane Zivikela Kumkhuhlane Wezinyoni?
Cha. Isibhamu somkhuhlane waminyaka yonke esikhuthazwa ukuba sithole izivikelo kumkhuhlane ojwayelekile, okuhlanganisa umkhuhlane wezingulube, kodwa hhayi umkhuhlane wezinyoni .
Umugqa Ophansi
Intuthuko yomuthi omusha wokugomela umkhuhlane wezinyoni iyaqhubeka , futhi i-CDC ithi naphezu kwazo zonke lezi zenzakalo zakamuva, ingozi yezempilo yomphakathi yomkhuhlane wezinyoni isephansi . Kodwa asikho isiqiniseko sokuthi lokhu kuyohlale kunjalo; njengegciwane elibulala kakhulu elinezinhlobo eziningi, eziguqukayo, umkhuhlane wezinyoni uwusongo oluqhubekayo kubantu nasezilwaneni ngokufanayo.
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