Abantu - Humane Foundation

Lesi sigaba siphenya izinga lomuntu lokuxhashazwa kwezilwane—indlela thina njengabantu ngabanye nemiphakathi esithethelela ngayo, esisekela, noma esimelana ngayo nezinhlelo zonya. Kusukela kumasiko amasiko nokuncika kwezomnotho kuye empilweni yomphakathi nezinkolelo zomoya, ubudlelwano bethu nezilwane bubonisa izindinganiso esiziphethe kanye nezakhiwo zamandla esihlala kuzo. Ingxenye ethi “Abantu” ihlola lokhu kuxhumana, iveze ukuthi inhlalakahle yethu ixhumene ngokujule kangakanani nezimpilo esizibusayo.
Sihlola ukuthi ukudla okusindayo kwenyama, ukulima kwezimboni, nochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa komhlaba wonke kulimaza kanjani ukondliwa kwabantu, impilo yengqondo, kanye nomnotho wendawo. Izinkinga zempilo yomphakathi, ukungavikeleki kokudla, nokuwohloka kwemvelo akuzona izehlakalo ezingazodwa—kuyizimpawu zesimiso esingenakubekezelelwa esibeka phambili inzuzo phezu kwabantu neplanethi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lesi sigaba sigqamisa ithemba noguquko: imindeni yezilwane ezidla inyama, abasubathi, imiphakathi, nezishoshovu ezicabanga kabusha ubudlelwano babantu nesilwane futhi zakha izindlela zokuphila eziqinile nezinozwela.
Ngokubhekana nezimiso zokuziphatha, amasiko, kanye nemithelela engokoqobo yokusetshenziswa kwezilwane, nathi sibhekana nathi. Hlobo luni lomphakathi esifuna ukuba yingxenye yalo? Izinqumo zethu zibonisa noma zikhaphela kanjani izindinganiso zethu? Indlela eya ebulungisa—ezilwaneni nakubantu—iyafana. Ngokuqwashisa, uzwela, kanye nesenzo, singaqala ukulungisa ukunqanyulwa obhebhethekisa ukuhlupheka okungaka, futhi siye ekusaseni elinobulungisa neliqhubekayo.

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, umqondo wezolimo zamaselula, owaziwa nangokuthi inyama ekhuliswe elebhu, uthole ukunakwa okukhulu njengesixazululo esingaba khona enkingeni yokudla yomhlaba wonke ezayo. Le ndlela entsha ihilela ukukhulisa izicubu zezilwane endaweni yelabhorethri, isusa isidingo sokulima izilwane zendabuko. Ngenkathi izinzuzo zemvelo nezokuziphatha zezolimo zamaselula zivunywa kabanzi, kube nocwaningo olulinganiselwe ngemiphumela yezempilo engaba khona yokudla inyama ekhuliswe elebhu. Njengoba lobu buchwepheshe buqhubeka nokuthuthuka futhi buthola ukusebenza kwezentengiselwano, kubalulekile ukuhlola nokuqonda imiphumela engaba khona yezempilo kubantu nasezilwaneni. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola isimo samanje sezolimo zamaselula futhi sixoxe ngemiphumela engaba khona yezempilo engaba nayo kubathengi kanye nohlelo olukhulu lokudla. Njengoba isidingo sokukhiqizwa kokudla okusimeme nokuziphatha sikhula, kubalulekile ukuhlola ngokujulile zonke izici zezolimo zamaselula ukuqinisekisa ukuthi …

Njengoba inani lomhlaba wonke liqhubeka nokwanda futhi isidingo sokudla sanda, imboni yezolimo ibhekene nengcindezi ekhuphuka ingcindezi yokuhlangabezana nalezi zidingo ngenkathi igqugquzela umthelela wayo wezemvelo. Indawo eyodwa yokukhathazeka ukukhiqizwa kwenyama, okuxhunyaniswe neminikelo ebalulekile ekuphumeni kwamagesi abamba ukushisa, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, nokungcoliswa kwamanzi. Kodwa-ke, isixazululo esithembisayo esithola ukugcwala emphakathini wezolimo sizolimo sezolimo. Lo mkhuba wokulima, osuselwa ezimisweni zokusimama kanye nokulinganisela kwemvelo, ugxile ekwakheni inhlabathi enempilo nokubuyisela izinto eziphilayo. Ngokubeka phambili impilo yenhlabathi, ezolimo zokuvuselela amandla anamandla okuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokudla ekhiqizwayo, kepha futhi anciphise imithelela emibi yemvelo yokukhiqizwa kwenyama. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola umqondo wezolimo kabusha kanye namandla ayo okubhekana nezinselelo zezemvelo ezibangelwa ukukhiqizwa kwenyama. Sizokwelulela isayensi ngemuva kwale ndlela yokulima, izinzuzo zayo, ...

Ukulima efektri, indlela ethuthukile nenqwaba yokukhulisa izilwane ukukhiqizwa kokudla, sekuyinto ebalulekile yemvelo. Inqubo yezilwane ezikhiqiza ngobuningi zokudla ayikhuphuki kuphela imibuzo yokuziphatha ngenhlalonhle yezilwane kodwa futhi inomthelela omubi emhlabeni. Nawa amaqiniso ayi-11 abalulekile mayelana namapulazi efektri kanye nemiphumela yawo yezemvelo: Amapulazi awo angu-1- abamba amanzi aphuma efektri angomunye wabahlinzeki abaholayo ekuphumeni kwamagesi abamba ukushisa abamba ukushisa, ekhulula amanani amakhulu we-methane ne-nitrous oxide emkhathini. Lawa magesi anamandla amakhulu kune-carbon dioxide endimeni yawo ekushiseni komhlaba, nge-methane eneminyaka engaba ngu-28 ephumelela kakhudlwana ekushiseni ukushisa kweminyaka engu-100, futhi i-nitrous oxide cishe ama-298 amahlandla angama-298. Umthombo oyinhloko wokukhishwa kwe-methane epulazini efektri uvela ezilwaneni ezihlubukayo, njengezinkomo, izimvu nezimbuzi, ezikhiqiza inqwaba ye-methane ngesikhathi sokugaya ...

Ukulima efektri, uhlelo oluthuthukile lokukhulisa imfuyo yokukhiqiza ukudla, kube yimikhosi yokushayela ngemuva kokudla komhlaba wonke. Kodwa-ke, ngaphansi kobuso bale mboni esebenza kahle kakhulu futhi enenzuzo kutholakala izindleko ezifihliwe nezibulalayo: Ukungcoliswa komoya. Ukukhishwa okuvela emapulazini asefekthri, kufaka phakathi i-ammonia, i-methane, udaba lokubandakanya, namanye amagesi amabi, kufaka ubungozi obukhulu bezempilo emiphakathini yasendaweni kanye nabantu abaningi. Le ndlela yokuwohloka kwemvelo ivame ukunganakwa, kepha imiphumela yezempilo ifinyelela kude, okuholela ezifweni zokuphefumula, izinkinga zenhliziyo, nezinye izimo zezempilo ezingamahlalakhona. Isilinganiso sokungcoliswa komoya ngamapulazi efektri efektri efektri anesibopho sengxenye enkulu yokungcoliswa komoya. Lezi zikhungo zihlala izinkulungwane zezilwane ezikhaleni ezivalekile, lapho imfucuza inqamula ngamanani amakhulu. Njengoba izilwane zichitha imfucuza, amakhemikhali namagesi akhishwe emoyeni amunwa zombili izilwane kanye nemvelo. Ivolumu enkulu ...

Ukulima efektri, indlela yezolimo ezinamandla zezilwane, sekuyisikhathi eside zihlotshaniswa nezinkinga eziningi zemvelo nokuziphatha okuhle, kodwa enye yezinto ezikhohlisayo futhi ezivame ukunganakwa ukungcoliswa okukhiqizayo emoyeni. Imisebenzi yezimboni evutha izimboni, lapho izilwane zigcinwa khona eziminyene, izimo ezingezinhle, zikhiqiza inqwaba yokungcola komoya okufaka isandla ekuwohlokeni kwemvelo, izinkinga zempilo yomphakathi kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Lo mbhalo uhlola indlela ukulima kahle efektri ngqo ebhekene nokungcoliswa komoya kanye nemiphumela emide efinyelela kude empilweni yethu, imvelo kanye nenhlala-kahle yezilwane ezihilelekile. Ukungcola kwamapulazi efektri efektri, noma okuhlanganisiwe kokudla kwezilwane (ama-cafos), izinkulungwane zendlu zezilwane ezikhaleni ezivalekile lapho zikhiqiza khona imfucumfucu. Lezi zindawo zingumthombo obalulekile wokungcoliswa komoya, ekhulula amagesi ahlukahlukene ayingozi kanye nezinkinga ezingena emkhathini. Ukungcola okuvame kakhulu kufaka phakathi: Ammonia (NH3): ...

Ukulima efektri, owaziwa nangokuthi ukulima kwezimboni, kuwumkhuba wanamuhla wezolimo ohlanganisa ukukhiqizwa okujulile kwemfuyo, izinkukhu, kanye nezinhlanzi ezindaweni ezivaliwe. Le ndlela yokulima isiye yanda kakhulu emashumini eminyaka ambalwa edlule ngenxa yamandla ayo okukhiqiza inqwaba yemikhiqizo yezilwane ngentengo ephansi. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kusebenza kuza ngezindleko ezibalulekile kuzo zombili inhlala-kahle yezilwane kanye nemvelo. Umthelela wezolimo efektri ezilwaneni kanye neplanethi kuyinkinga eyinkimbinkimbi futhi ehlukahlukene evuse inkulumompikiswano egcwele kanye nempikiswano eminyakeni yamuva. Kulesi sihloko, sizokwelulwa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene lapho ukulima efektri kuthinte khona zombili izilwane kanye nemvelo, kanye nemiphumela enakho empilweni yethu kanye nokusimama kweplanethi yethu. Ukusuka ekwelashweni okunonya nangobuntu kwezilwane emiphumeleni elimazayo emhlabeni, wamanzi nomoya, kubalulekile ku ...