Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, uphenyo oluyimfihlo luka-Upton Sinclair lwezitshalo zokupakisha inyama zaseChicago lwembula ukwephulwa kwemithetho eshaqisayo kwezempilo nezabasebenzi, okuholele ezinguqukweni ezibalulekile zomthetho ezifana ne-Federal Meat Inspection Act ka-1906. Kushesha kakhulu kuze kube namuhla, kanye nesimo sobuntatheli obuphenyayo kwezokulima. umkhakha usushintshe kakhulu. Ukuvela kwemithetho ye-“ag-gag” e-United States yonkana kubeka inselele enkulu ezintathelini nezishoshovu ezifuna ukuveza amaqiniso avame ukufihlwa amapulazi efekthri nezindawo zokuhlatshwa.
Imithetho ye-Ag-gag, eklanyelwe ukuvimbela ukuqoshwa kwefilimu okungagunyaziwe kanye nemibhalo ngaphakathi kwezindawo zezolimo, ibangele impikiswano ephikisanayo mayelana nokungafihli lutho, inhlalakahle yezilwane, ukuphepha kokudla, namalungelo abantu ababikayo. Le mithetho ngokuvamile yenza kube yicala ukusetshenziswa kwenkohliso ukuze kufinyelelwe kulezo zindawo kanye nesenzo sokuthwebula izithombe noma ukuthwebula izithombe ngaphandle kwemvume yomnikazi. Abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi le mithetho ayiphuli nje kuphela amalungelo eSichibiyelo Sokuqala kodwa futhi ivimbela imizamo yokudalula nokubhekana nonya lwezilwane, ukuhlukunyezwa kwezisebenzi, kanye nokwephulwa kokuphepha kokudla.
Ukucindezela kwemboni yezolimo komthetho we-ag-gag kwaqala ngeminyaka yawo-1990 njengempendulo yophenyo oluyimfihlo lwabashisekeli bamalungelo ezilwane. Lolu phenyo luvame ukuholela ekuthatheni izinyathelo zomthetho kulabo abephula umthetho futhi kwandise nokuqwashisa umphakathi ngezimo ezikhona emapulazini emboni. Phezu kwemizamo yale mboni yokuzivikela ekubhekisisweni, ukulwa nemithetho ye-ag-gag sekunomfutho, njengoba kunezinselelo zomthetho eziningi ezigomela ngokuthi le mithetho ihlukumeza amalungelo omthethosisekelo kanye nezimfuno zomphakathi.
Lesi sihloko sidingida ubunkimbinkimbi bemithetho ye-ag-gag, ihlola imvelaphi yayo, abadlali ababalulekile ekusungulweni kwayo, kanye nezimpi eziqhubekayo zomthetho zokuyichitha.
Sizohlola imithelela yale mithetho mayelana nenkululeko yokukhuluma, ukuphepha kokudla, inhlalakahle yezilwane, namalungelo abasebenzi, sinikeze umbono ophelele wezinhlaka ezihilelekile kulolu daba olubucayi. Njengoba sizulazula endaweni eyinkimbinkimbi yomthetho we-ag-gag, kuyacaca ukuthi impi yokubeka izinto obala nokuziphendulela embonini yezolimo isekude ukuphela. ### Ag-Gag Imithetho: Impi Yembulwa
Ekuqaleni kuka-20th century, uphenyo oluyimfihlo luka-Upton Sinclair lwezitshalo zokupakisha inyama zaseChicago luveze ukwephulwa kwezempilo okushaqisayo kanye nokwephulwa kwabasebenzi, okuholele enguqukweni ebalulekile yezomthetho efana ne-Federal Meat Inspection Act of 1906. Ngokushesha kuze kube namuhla, futhi isimo sezwe lobuntatheli obuphenyayo emkhakheni wezolimo sishintshe kakhulu. Ukuvela kwemithetho ye-“ag-gag” kulo lonke I-United States kubeka inselele enkulu ezintathelini nezishoshovu ezifuna ukuveza amaqiniso avame ukufihlwa amapulazi efekthri nezindawo zokuhlatshwa.
Imithetho ye-Ag-gag, edizayinelwe ukuvimbela ukuqoshwa kwefilimu okungagunyaziwe kanye namadokhumenti ngaphakathi kwezindawo zokulima, iqubule impikiswano emayelana nokubeka izinto obala, inhlalakahle yezilwane, ukudla ukuphepha, namalungelo ababi. Le mithetho ngokuvamile yenza kube yicala ukusetshenziswa kobuqili ukuze kufinyelelwe kulezo zindawo kanye nesenzo sokuqopha noma sokuthwebula izithombe ngaphandle kwemvume yomnikazi. Abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi le mithetho ayiphuli nje kuphela amalungelo eSichibiyelo Sokuqala kodwa futhi ivimbela imizamo yokuthola nokubhekana nonya lwezilwane, ukuhlukunyezwa kwabasebenzi, kanye nokwephulwa kokuphepha kokudla.
Umgomo wemboni yezolimo wokuphusha umthetho we-ag-gag waqala ngeminyaka yawo-1990 njengempendulo yophenyo oluyimpumelelo lwabashisekeli bamalungelo ezilwane. Lolu phenyo luvamise ukuholela ezenzweni zomthetho ezimelene nabaphula umthetho futhi lwandise ukuqwashisa umphakathi mayelana nezimo ezingaphakathi kwamapulazi efekthri. Ngaphandle kwemizamo yomkhakha yokuzivikela ekuhlolweni, ukulwa nemithetho ye-ag-gag kunyuke kakhulu, kunezinselelo zomthetho eziningi eziqinisekisa ukuthi le mithetho yephula amalungelo omthethosisekelo kanye nezintshisekelo zomphakathi.
Le athikili icubungula ubunkimbinkimbi bemithetho ye-ag-gag, ihlola umsuka wayo, abadlali ababalulekile abangemuva kokushaywa kwabo, kanye nezimpi eziqhubekayo zomthetho zokuyichitha. Sizohlola imithelela yale mithetho mayelana nenkululeko yokukhuluma, ukuphepha kokudla, inhlalakahle yezilwane, namalungelo abasebenzi, sinikeze umbono obanzi wezinhlaka ezihilelekile lolu daba olubucayi. Njengoba sizulazula endaweni eyinkimbinkimbi yomthetho we-ag-gag, kuyacaca ukuthi ukulwela ukuba sobala kanye nokuziphendulela embonini yezolimo kusekude ukuphela.
Ngo-1904, intatheli u-Upton Sinclair yacasha ezitshalweni zokupakisha inyama zaseChicago futhi yabhala ngokuphulwa kwezempilo nezabasebenzi akubona. Ukuthola kwakhe kwashaqisa umhlaba, futhi kwaholela ekuphasisweni kwe-Federal Meat Inspection act eminyakeni emibili kamuva. Kodwa lolu hlobo lobuntatheli obuyimfihlo seluyahlaselwa, njengoba imithetho ye-“ag-gag” ezweni lonke izama ukuvimbela izintatheli nezishoshovu ekwenzeni lolu hlobo lomsebenzi obalulekile, osindisa ukuphila.
Nakhu okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nalokho okwenziwa yimithetho ye-ag-gag — kanye nokulwela ukuyiqeda .
Iyini Imithetho ye-Ag-Gag?
Imithetho ye-Ag-gag ikwenza kube emthethweni ukuthwebula ifilimu ingaphakathi lamapulazi efekthri namalaha ngaphandle kwemvume yomnikazi. Nakuba ziza ngezinhlobonhlobo eziningi, imithetho ngokuvamile iyakwenqabela a) ukusetshenziswa kwenkohliso ukuze uthole ukufinyelela endaweni yezolimo, kanye/noma b) ukuqoshwa noma ukuthwebula izithombe kwalezo zindawo ngaphandle kwemvume yomnikazi. Eminye imithetho ye-ag-gag icacisa ukuthi akukho emthethweni ukuqopha lezi zikhungo ngenhloso yokwenza “ukulimala kwezomnotho” enkampanini okukhulunywa ngayo.
Imithetho eminingi ye-ag-gag idinga futhi abantu ababona unya lwezilwane ukuthi babike abakubonile ngesikhathi esifushane uma kuqhathaniswa. Nakuba lokhu kungase kubonakale kuyinto enhle, izidingo ezinjengalezi zenza kube nzima ukuthi izishoshovu zenze uphenyo lwesikhathi eside mayelana nonya lwezilwane emapulazini.
Ubani Ongemuva Kwemithetho Ye-Ag-Gag?
Kuwo wonke ama-1980s kanye nama-90s, abashisekeli bamalungelo ezilwane bangena ngempumelelo emapulazini emboni futhi babhala umsebenzi kuwo owephula imithetho emelene nonya. Lolu phenyo ludale ukugasela, ukushushiswa kanye nezinye izinyathelo zomthetho ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezibhekiswe kulabo abephula umthetho. Imithetho ye-Ag-gag yaphakanyiswa imboni yezolimo ngeminyaka yawo-1990s emzamweni wokuvimbela izishoshovu ukuthi zenze lezi zinhlobo zokudalula.
Yaqala Nini Ukusebenza Imithetho Ye-Ag-Gag?
Imithetho yokuqala yokulwa nokugaywa kwezilwane yashaywa eKansas, Montana naseNyakatho Dakota phakathi kuka-1990 no-1991. Bobathathu babeka icala ngokungagunyaziwe ukungena nokuqoshwa kwezindawo zezilwane, kanti umthetho waseNyakatho Dakota nawo wakwenza kwaba emthethweni ukukhulula izilwane kulezo zindawo. .
Ngo-1992, iCongress yaphasisa umthetho we-Federal Animal Enterprise Protection Act . Lo mthetho ukhiphe izijeziso ezengeziwe kubantu abaphazamisa ngamabomu izindawo zezilwane ngokuzilimaza, ukuzintshontshela amarekhodi noma ukudedela izilwane kuzo. Lona kwakungewona umthetho we-ag-gag ngokwawo, kodwa ngokuqoka abashisekeli bamalungelo ezilwane ukuze bathole isijeziso esikhethekile ezingeni likahulumeni, i-AEPA ibe nesandla ekudambiseni amademoni izishoshovu ezinjalo , futhi yasiza ukuhlahla indlela yomzuliswano olandelayo wemithetho ye-ag-gag. yadlula ngeminyaka yawo-2000 nangale kwalokho.
Kungani Imithetho Ye-Ag-Gag Iyingozi?
Imithetho ye-Ag-gag iye yagxekwa ngenxa yezizathu eziningi ezahlukene, abagxeki bethi yephula iSichibiyelo Sokuqala kanye nokuvikelwa kwababi, ukuphepha kokudla okuyingozi, inciphisa ukubonakala kwemboni yezolimo futhi ivumela unya lwezilwane kanye nemithetho yezabasebenzi ukuba yephulwe ngaphandle kwemiphumela.
Isichibiyelo Sokuqala
Ukuphikisa okusemthethweni kwemithetho ye-ag-gag ukuthi ibekela umkhawulo inkululeko yokukhuluma. Yileso siphetho amajaji amaningi afinyelele kuso; lapho imithetho ye-ag-gag ichithwa ezinkantolo, ngokuvamile kuba ngezizathu Zokuchibiyela Okokuqala .
Umthetho we-Kansas we-ag-gag, ukwenza isibonelo, wenze kwaba emthethweni ukuqamba amanga ukuze uthole ukufinyelela endaweni yezilwane uma inhloso kuwukulimaza ibhizinisi. Umjikelezo Weshumi unqume ukuthi lokhu kwephula Isichibiyelo Sokuqala , njengoba kwenza inkulumo ibe yicala ngokusekelwe kunhloso yesikhulumi. Iningi enkantolo lengeze ngokuthi lesi simiso “sijezisa abantu abangena [esikhungweni sezilwane] ngenhloso yokukhuluma iqiniso ngendaba ekhathaza umphakathi,” futhi sachitha iningi lomthetho.
Ngo-2018, Umjikelezo Wesishiyagalolunye wasekela ukuhlinzekwa okufanayo emthethweni we-Idaho we-ag-gag. Nokho, inkantolo yachitha ingxenye yomthetho eyayivimbela ukuqoshwa okungagunyaziwe ngaphakathi kwezindawo zezilwane, yanquma ukuthi wephula “ilungelo elingokomthetho lezintatheli lokuphenya nokushicilela ukudalulwa kwemboni yezolimo,” futhi yaphawula nokuthi “izindaba ezihlobene nokuphepha kokudla nezilwane. unya lubaluleke kakhulu emphakathini.”
Ukuphepha Kokudla
Umthetho we-federal Safe Meat and Poultry Act ka-2013 uqukethe ukuvikeleka kwabasebenzi abakhiqiza inyama nezinkukhu. Kodwa eminye imithetho ye-ag-gag ingqubuzana ngokuqondile nalezi zivikelo zikahulumeni; uma abasebenzi endaweni yezilwane bezoqoqa futhi babelane ngolwazi mayelana nezinqubo zokuphepha zokudla ezixegayo ngaphandle kwemvume yabaqashi babo, bangase baphule imithetho yezwe ye-ag-gag , nakuba ukuziphatha okunjalo kuvikelwe ngaphansi komthetho wenhlangano ka-2013.
Izenhlalakahle Yezilwane kanye Nokungafihli Komphakathi
Izilwane ziphathwa kabi emapulazini ezimboni , futhi enye yezindlela esikwazi ngayo lokhu yingoba izishoshovu nezintatheli zenze uphenyo oluyimfihlo kulawo mapulazi . Emashumini eminyaka adlule, abakutholile kuye kwazisa umphakathi ngendlela ukudla kwabo okukhiqizwa ngayo, kwabangela ukuba kuthathwe izinyathelo zomthetho ngokumelene nezigebengu embonini yezolimo yezilwane, futhi kwaholela ekwandeni kokuvikelwa kwezilwane okungokomthetho.
Isibonelo sakuqala salokhu senzeka ngo-1981, lapho umsunguli we-People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) u-Alex Pacheco ethatha umsebenzi endaweni yokucwaninga ngezilwane eyayixhaswe nguhulumeni eMaryland futhi wabhala ngezimo ezinyantisayo lapho izinkawu zalesi sikhungo zazikhona. igcinwe. Ngenxa yophenyo lukaPacheco, ilebhu yagasela, umcwaningi wezilwane walahlwa yicala lokuhlukumeza izilwane kanti ilebhu yalahlekelwa wuxhaso. Uphenyo lomshoshaphansi lwe-PETA lwaba nesandla ekuphasisweni kwezichibiyelo ezinkulu kuMthetho Wezenhlalakahle Yezilwane ngo-1985.
Imithetho ye-Ag-gag ingumzamo wemboni yezolimo ukuvimbela lolu hlobo lophenyo ukuthi lwenzeke. Ngakho-ke, imithetho inciphisa ukubonakala kwemboni yezolimo ngokunciphisa ukuqwashisa komphakathi ngalokho okwenzekayo ezikhungweni ezinjalo, futhi yenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuthatha izinyathelo zomthetho kulabo abaphula imithetho yokulwa nonya.
Amalungelo Abasebenzi
Ngo-September, uMnyango Wezabasebenzi wase-US waqala ukuphenya iPerdue Farms kanye neTyson Foods ngemva kokuba -New York Times udalule ukuthi baqasha izingane ezifudukayo ezineminyaka engu-13 ubudala. ihembe libanjwe emshinini.
Ukuhlukumeza abasebenzi kuvame kakhulu embonini yezolimo. Umbiko wango-2020 we-Economic Policy Institute wathola ukuthi eminyakeni engamashumi amabili edlule, ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angu -70 ophenyo lukahulumeni olwenziwa ngamabhizinisi ezolimo lwathola ukwephulwa komthetho wokuqashwa. Imithetho ye-ag-gag yenza lezi zinkinga zibe zimbi nakakhulu ngokudala isikweletu esengeziwe kubasebenzi bezolimo abangase bafune ukubhala phansi ukuphathwa kabi kwabo emsebenzini.
Kuyafaneleka ukuqaphela lapha ukuthi e-US, imboni yezolimo inesabelo esiphezulu sabasebenzi abangenazo izincwadi kunanoma yimuphi omunye umkhakha. Abokufika abangenazo izincwadi ngokuvamile bayanqikaza ukutshela iziphathimandla lapho behlukunyezwa ngandlela thize, njengoba ukwenza kanjalo kungaba sengozini yokudalula isimo sabo sokuba isakhamuzi. Kanjalo, lokhu kubenza babe yizimpokophelo ezilula zabaqashi abafuna ukonga amarandi ambalwa, ngokuthi, ukweqa izimiso zokuphepha. Akudingekile ukusho ukuthi, abasebenzi abangenazo izincwadi cishe bazoba mancane amathuba okuba babike ukuphathwa kabi ezifundazweni ezinemithetho ye-ag-gag.
Yiziphi Izifundazwe ezinemithetho ye-Ag-Gag Ezincwadini?
Kusukela ekuqubukeni kwemithetho ye-ag-gag ekuqaleni kwawo-'90s, umthetho ofanayo uye wahlongozwa ezindlini zombuso ezweni lonke - ngokuvamile ngemva kophenyo olusezingeni eliphezulu lwembule ububi ezikhungweni zezolimo. Nakuba eminingi yale mithetho ingazange iphasiswe noma kamuva yachithwa njengephambana noMthethosisekelo, eminye yasinda, futhi okwamanje iwumthetho wezwe.
Alabama
Umthetho we-ag-gag wase-Alabama ubizwa ngokuthi uMthetho Wokuvikelwa Kwezilwane, Izitshalo, kanye Nezindawo Zokucwaninga . Uphasiswe ngo-2002, lo mthetho wenza kube ngokungemthetho ukungena ezikhungweni zezolimo ngokuzenzisa, futhi wenza kube yicala ukutholakala kwalezo zikhungo uma etholwe ngokukhohlisa.
I-Arkansas
Ngo-2017, i-Arkansas yaphasisa umthetho we-ag-gag oqondiswe ngqo ku-whistleblowers - kuzo zonke izimboni, hhayi nje ezolimo. Kungumthetho womphakathi, hhayi owobugebengu, ngakho awuvimbeli ngokuqondile ukuqoshwa komshoshaphansi emapulazini nasezindaweni zokuhlatshwa. Kunalokho, ithi noma ubani owenza ukurekhodwa okunjalo, noma owenza ezinye izinto eziyimfihlo ezakhiweni zebhizinisi, unesibopho sanoma imuphi umonakalo owenziwa umnikazi wendawo, futhi unikeza umnikazi amandla okufuna umonakalo onjalo enkantolo.
Ngokumangalisayo, lo mthetho usebenza kuzo zonke izakhiwo zebhizinisi kuhulumeni, hhayi nje ezezolimo, futhi uhlanganisa amarekhodi okuntshontshwa kanye nokuqoshwa okungagunyaziwe. Ngenxa yalokho, noma yibaphi abantu abangaba ababi kuhulumeni banesibopho sokumangalelwa uma bethembele kumadokhumenti noma okurekhodiwe ukuze bashaye ikhwelo. Umthetho waphonselwa inselelo enkantolo, kodwa inselelo yagcina ichithiwe .
Montana
Ngo-1991, i-Montana yaba ngesinye sezifundazwe zokuqala ukuphasisa umthetho we-ag-gag . I-Farm Animal and Research Facility Protection Act yenza kube yicala ukungena esikhungweni sezolimo uma kunqatshelwe ukungena, noma ukuthatha izithombe ngezithombe noma ngevidiyo eziqoshiwe zalezo zikhungo “ngenhloso yokwehliswa isithunzi sobugebengu.”
Iowa
Ngo-2008, i-PETA yakhipha ividiyo eyayibonisa abasebenzi basepulazini lezingulube e-Iowa beshaya izilwane ngonya , bezephula ngezinsimbi futhi ngesinye isikhathi bayala abanye abasebenzi ukuthi “bazilimaze!” Abayisithupha kulaba basebenzi babe sebewavuma amacala obugebengu bokunganaki imfuyo ; kuze kube yileso sikhathi, abantu abayisikhombisa kuphela abake bagwetshwa ngokuhlukumeza izilwane ngezenzo abazenzayo ngenkathi besebenza embonini yenyama.
Kusukela lapho, abenzi bomthetho base-Iowa baphasise izikweletu ezingaphansi kwezine ze-ag-gag , zonke ezibhekane nezinselele zomthetho.
Umthetho wokuqala owaphasiswa ngo-2012, wakwenza kwaba ukwephula umthetho ukuqamba amanga ukuze uqashelwe umsebenzi uma inhloso “kuwukwenza isenzo esingagunyaziwe umnikazi.” Lowo mthetho ekugcineni wachithwa njengophambene nomthethosisekelo, okwenza abenzi bomthetho baphasise inguqulo ebuyekeziwe enobubanzi obuncane eminyakeni embalwa kamuva. Umthetho wesithathu ukhuphule izinhlawulo zokungena ngokungemthetho ezikhungweni zezolimo, kanti owesine ukwenze kwaba emthethweni ukubeka noma ukusebenzisa ikhamera yevidiyo ngenkathi ukweqa.
Umlando wezomthetho wale zikweletu mude, uyasonga futhi uyaqhubeka ; kusukela kulokhu kubhalwa, nokho, yonke imithetho ye-ag-gag yase-Iowa ngaphandle kweyokuqala isasebenza.
EMissouri
Isishayamthetho saseMissouri saphasisa umthetho we-ag-gag njengengxenye yomthethosivivinywa wepulazi omkhulu ngo-2012. Sithi noma yibuphi ubufakazi bokuhlukunyezwa kwezilwane noma ukunganakwa kufanele bunikezwe iziphathimandla phakathi namahora angu-24 butholakele. Le mfuneko yenza kungenzeki ukuthi izishoshovu noma izintatheli ziqoqe ubufakazi obungaphezu kosuku bokwenza okungalungile ezindaweni zezilwane ngaphandle kokuya kwabaphathi, futhi okungenzeka baphephethe ikhava yabo.
eKentucky
NgoFebhuwari walo nyaka, isishayamthetho saseKentucky saphasisa umthethosivivinywa we-ag-gag okwenza kube ngokungemthetho ukuthatha izithombe ngaphakathi kwamapulazi efektri - noma ngama-drones, ngaphezu kwamapulazi efektri - ngaphandle kwemvume yomnikazi. Nakuba uHulumeni u-Andy Beshear ewuphikisa umthethosivivinywa, isishayamthetho sabe sesichitha i-veto yakhe , futhi umthethosivivinywa manje usuwumthetho.
North Dakota
Omunye owamukela kuqala imithetho ye-ag-gag, eNyakatho Dakota waphasisa umthetho ngo-1991 owakwenza kube yicala ukulimaza noma ukucekela phansi indawo yezilwane, ukukhulula isilwane kuso noma ukuthatha izithombe noma ividiyo engagunyaziwe ngaphakathi kuyo.
Idaho
I-Idaho yaphasisa umthetho wayo we-ag-gag ngo-2014, ngemuva nje kophenyo oluyimfihlo olubonisa abasebenzi basemapulazini behlukumeza izinkomo zobisi . Kwaphonselwa inselelo enkantolo, futhi nakuba izingxenye zomthetho ezivimbela ukuqoshwa okuyimfihlo kwezikhungo zezolimo zesulwa, izinkantolo zavumelana nesimiso esivimbela abantu ukuba baqambe amanga ezingxoxweni zomsebenzi ukuze bathole ukufinyelela kulezo zindawo.
Yini Engenziwa Ukulwa Nemithetho Ye-Ag-Gag?
Ukubuka akukubi kangako njengoba izifunda eziyisishiyagalombili ezingenhla zingase zisikisele. Ezifundeni ezinhlanu, imithetho ye-ag-gag ichithwe izinkantolo, iyonke noma ingxenye, njengephambene nomthethosisekelo; lolu hlu luhlanganisa iKansas, eyayingesinye sezifundazwe zokuqala ukuphasisa umthetho onjalo. Kwezinye izifundazwe eziyi-17, umthethosivivinywa we-ag-gag wahlongozwa izishayamthetho zombuso, kodwa awuzange uphasiswe.
Lokhu kuphakamisa ukuthi okungenani kunamathuluzi amabili awusizo okulwa ne-ag-gag: amacala kanye nezikhulu ezikhethiwe. Ukukhetha osopolitiki abaphikisana nemithetho ye-ag-gag, kanye nokweseka izinhlangano ezimangalela ukuthi iguqulwe, kuyizindlela ezimbili ezingcono kakhulu abantu abangasiza ngazo ekuqinisekiseni obala emapulazini, ezilaheni nakwezinye izindawo zezilwane.
Izinhlangano ezimbalwa ezixhasa ngezimali amacala aphikisana nemithetho ye-ag-gag yilezi:
Naphezu kwentuthuko ethile ekhuthazayo, ukulwa ne-ag-gag kusekude ukuphela: Abenzi bezomthetho baseKansas sebevele bezama ukubhala kabusha imithetho yezwe ye-ag-gag ngendlela ephasisa ukuqoqwa komthethosisekelo, futhi umthetho we-ag-gag eCanada njengamanje wenza indlela yawo. ngezinkantolo.
Umugqa Ophansi
Ungalenzi iphutha: imithetho ye-ag-gag ingumzamo oqondile wemboni yezolimo ukugwema ukubeka izinto obala nokuziphendulela. Yize kuyizifunda eziyisishiyagalombili kuphela njengamanje ezinemithetho ye-ag-gag ezincwadini, imithetho efanayo edlula kwenye indawo iwusongo olungapheli - ekuphepheni kokudla, kumalungelo abasebenzi kanye nokuphila kahle kwezilwane.
Qaphela: Lokhu okuqukethwe bekushicilelwe ekuqaleni ku-SeintMedia.org futhi kungahle kungabonisi imibono yesisekelo Humane Foundation.
