Isingeniso
I-Foie gras, ebhekwa njengesibiliboco emibuthanweni eminingi yokupheka, ifihla iqiniso elimnyama nelifihliwe lokuhlupheka kwezilwane. Ikhiqizwe esibindini samadada namahansi, i-foie gras iwumphumela wezinyoni ezidla ngenkani ukuze zandise izibindi zazo zibe izikhathi eziningana ngobukhulu bazo bemvelo. Lo mkhuba, owaziwa ngokuthi i-gavage, ubangela ukuhlupheka okukhulu ezinyonini, okubangela ukucindezeleka ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo. Lesi sihloko sihlola unya olucashile lwamapulazi e-foie gras, lukhanyisela ukuhlupheka okubekezelelwa amadada namahansi lapho ephishekela le nto yokudla okunethezeka.
Iyini i-Foie Gras?
Igama elithi "foie gras" lisuselwa ku-French cuisine, ngokwezwi nezwi elihunyushwa ngokuthi "isibindi esinamafutha." Lokhu kunambitheka kudalwa ngenqubo ye-gavage, ehilela ukuncelisa amadada noma amahansi ngenkani ukuze kwandiswe izibindi zawo zibe izikhathi eziningana ngobukhulu bazo bemvelo. I-Gavage ifinyelelwa ngokufaka ishubhu phansi emphinjeni wenyoni, ngqo esiswini, bese uligcwalisa ngokushesha ngengxube yesitashi esiphezulu, ngokuvamile ummbila.
Umkhuba we-gavage unemvelaphi yasendulo, nobufakazi bokusetshenziswa kwawo kusukela eGibhithe lasendulo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, yasakazekela esifundeni saseMedithera futhi ekugcineni yafana ne-French gastronomy. Uma sekubhekwa njengesidlo esilungele abasebukhosini, i-foie gras isiguquke yaba uphawu lokunethezeka nesimo, ibiza amanani aphezulu emibuthanweni yezokupheka emhlabeni wonke.
E-United States, i-foie gras ingathengiswa ngemali engaphezu kuka-$60 ngephawundi, okuyenza ibe enye yezinto zokudla ezibiza kakhulu emakethe. Naphezu kwedumela layo elidumile, ukukhiqizwa kwe-foie gras kunempikiswano enkulu ngenxa yezimiso zokuziphatha nenhlalakahle ezungeze ukuphakelwa. Abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi inqubo ye-gavage inonya ngokwemvelo futhi ibangela ukuhlupheka okungadingekile ezinyonini ezihilelekile.
Inkulumompikiswano nge-foie gras iholele esenzweni somthetho emazweni nasezifundeni ezimbalwa, ngokuvinjelwa noma imikhawulo ebekiwe ekukhiqizweni nasekuthengisweni kwayo. Nakuba abanye bephikisana ngokuthi i-foie gras iyisiko lamasiko kanye nendlela yobuciko bokupheka okufanele igcinwe, abanye bakhuthaza ezinye izindlela ezinobuntu nezisimeme ezindleleni zokukhiqiza zendabuko.
Ekugcineni, ukukhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa kwe-foie gras kuphakamisa ukucatshangelwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kokuziphatha, amasiko, kanye nokudla. Njengoba umphakathi ubhekene nemibuzo yenhlalakahle yezilwane kanye nokukhiqizwa kokudla okunokuziphatha, ikusasa le-foie gras lihlala liyisihloko senkulumompikiswano eqhubekayo kanye nezingxabano.
Izifo Ezingokomzimba Nemithelela Yezempilo
Inqubo yokondla i-gavage ekukhiqizweni kwe-foie gras idala ukugula okukhulu ngokomzimba kanye nomthelela wezempilo kumadada namahansi. Ukwandiswa okusheshayo kwesibindi izikhathi eziningana ubukhulu baso bemvelo kubangela uchungechunge lwezinkinga zomzimba kanye nezindaba zempilo ezibeka engozini kakhulu inhlalakahle yezinyoni.
Omunye wemithelela eyinhloko yezempilo ye-gavage ukungasebenzi kahle kwesibindi nesifo sesibindi esinamafutha. Ukusetshenziswa kwenani elikhulu lokudla ngenkani kweqa isibindi senyoni, okuholela ekuqongeleleni kwamafutha kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwe-hepatic steatosis. Lesi simo asigcini nje ngokubangela ukuthi isibindi sigcwale futhi sivuvuke kodwa futhi siphazamisa ukusebenza kwaso ngendlela efanele. Ngenxa yalokho, izinyoni zingase zibe nokwehluleka kwesibindi, ukungalingani kwe-metabolic, nezinye izinkinga ezihlobene.
Ukwengeza, ubunzima bokuthwala isibindi esikhulisiwe kubeka ingcindezi enkulu ezithweni zangaphakathi zale nyoni nokwakheka kwamathambo. Amadada namahansi abhekene ne-gavage angase ahlupheke ngenxa yokukhubazeka kwamathambo, izinkinga zamalunga, nokulimala onyaweni ngenxa yesisindo esiningi nokucindezeleka okubekwe emizimbeni yawo. Lezi zifo ezingokomzimba zingabangela ubuhlungu obungapheli, izinkinga zokuhamba, nokunciphisa izinga lempilo yezinyoni.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, inqubo yokudla okuphoqelelwe ingaholela ezinkingeni zokuphefumula kanye nezifo, njengoba izinyoni zingase zifune izinhlayiya zokudla emgudwini wazo wokuphefumula. Lokhu kungaholela ekucindezelekeni kokuphefumula, inyumoniya, nezinye izifo ezihlobene nokuphefumula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukucindezeleka nobunzima be-gavage kwenza amasosha omzimba ale nyoni abe buthakathaka, okuwenza angenwe kalula izifo nezifo.
Sekukonke, ukugula okungokomzimba kanye nomthelela wezempilo we-gavage ekukhiqizeni i-foie gras kujulile futhi kulimaza amadada namahansi. Ukwandiswa kwesibindi ngempoqo, okuhambisana nobunzima obusemzimbeni wenyoni nezitho zangaphakathi, kuholela ezinhlobonhlobo zezinkinga zempilo eziyingozi ezibeka engcupheni inhlalakahle kanye nezinga lempilo yazo. Ukubhekana nale mithelela yezempilo kudinga ukuthi kuphele umkhuba wokugabavula kanye nokwamukelwa kwezinqubo zokulima ezinobuntu nezisimeme ezibeka phambili inhlalakahle yezilwane ngaphezu kwenzuzo.
Ukucindezeleka Kwengqondo kanye Nokungajwayelekile Kokuziphatha
Amadada namahansi yizilwane ezihlakaniphile nezinomphakathi ezinempilo eyinkimbinkimbi yemizwa. Inqubo ye-gavage, lapho ishubhu lensimbi noma lepulasitiki lifakwa ngenkani emphinjeni izikhathi eziningi ngosuku ukuze lilethe inani elikhulu lokudla ngqo eziswini zabo, liyingcindezi ngokwemvelo futhi liyahlukumeza. Izinyoni zivame ukuvinjelwa phakathi nenqubo yokuncelisa, kubangela ukwesaba, ukukhathazeka, nomuzwa wokungabi namandla.
Njengomphumela wokuncelisa ngokungaphezi, amadada namahansi angase abonise uhla lwemikhuba engavamile ebonisa ukucindezeleka kwawo okungokwengqondo. Lezi zindlela zokuziphatha zingabandakanya ukukhathala, ukuhoxa, ulaka, nokunyakaza okuyizinkolelo ezifana nokucofa okuphindaphindayo noma ukunikina ikhanda. Izinyoni zingase futhi zisebenze ngokweqile noma zicasuke, zihlale zinyakaza noma ziphimisele ngenxa yokucindezeleka komsindo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimo eziminyene futhi ezingahlanzekile emapulazini e-foie gras zandisa ukucindezeleka kwengqondo okutholwa izinyoni. Zivalelwe emakhejini amancane noma emashede aminyene, anendawo encane yokunyakaza noma ukuzibandakanya ekuziphatheni kwemvelo, lezi zinyoni zincishwa ukukhuthazwa kwengqondo nokunothisa imvelo. Lokhu kuntuleka kokukhuthazwa kungase kubangele isithukuthezi, ukukhungatheka, nokucindezeleka, kubeke engcupheni inhlalakahle yabo engokwengqondo.
Inqubo yokudla okuphoqelekile iphinde iphazamise ukuziphatha kwemvelo kokudla kwezinyoni kanye nomuzwa wemvelo. Endle, amadada namahansi azidla ukuze athole ukudla futhi alawule ukudla kwawo ngokusekelwe kuzimpawu zendlala nezici zemvelo. I-Gavage idlula lezi zimo zemvelo, okwenza izinyoni zingakwazi ukulawula indlela yazo yokudla futhi zithembele ekungeneleleni kwangaphandle ukuze ziphile.
Sekukonke, ukucindezeleka kwengqondo kanye nokungajwayelekile kokuziphatha okubangelwa i-gavage ekukhiqizeni i-foie gras kujulile futhi kugcwele. Amadada namahansi abhekana nalo mkhuba ononya awagcini nje ngokuhlupheka ngokomzimba kodwa nangokomzwelo, ukwesaba okuhlala njalo, ukukhathazeka, nomuzwa wokungabi nakuzisiza. Ukubhekana nenhlalakahle engokwengqondo yalezi zilwane kudinga ukuphela komkhuba wokudla ngenkani kanye nokwamukelwa kwemikhuba yokulima enobuntu nenesihawu ehlonipha ukuphila okungokomzwelo kwezilwane.
Izinkathazo Zokuziphatha Nezenhlalakahle
Ngokombono wokuziphatha, ukukhiqizwa kwe-foie gras kumelela ukwephulwa okucacile kwezimiso zozwelo, inhlonipho, nobulungiswa. Ngokufaka amadada namahansi ezenzweni ezesabekayo zokuncelisa kanye nokukhulisa isibindi ngokushesha, ukukhiqizwa kwe-foie gras kubukela phansi ukubaluleka kwazo okungokwemvelo nesithunzi njengezinto eziphilayo. Njengabathengi nabagqugquzeli, sinesibopho sokuziphatha sokubekela inselele ukukhathazeka kokuziphatha nenhlalakahle kokukhiqizwa kwe-foie gras futhi sifune ukwelashwa okungcono kwezilwane embonini yokudla. Kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho singagcina khona ngokweqiniso imigomo yozwelo, ubulungisa, kanye nokuhlonipha zonke izidalwa eziphilayo.
Isidingo Sezinguquko
Isidingo soshintsho ekukhiqizweni kwe-foie gras siyaphuthuma futhi asinakuphikwa, siqhutshwa yizimiso zokuziphatha, inhlalakahle, nokukhathazeka komphakathi okuzungeze unya olwenziwa kumadada namahansi. Imikhuba yamanje yokondla amandla kanye nokukhulisa isibindi ngokushesha ngenxa yokuzitika ngokupheka akugcini nje ukuvikeleka ngokokuziphatha kodwa futhi kungokokuziphatha.
Izimo zengqondo zomphakathi mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwe-foie gras nazo ziyashintsha, ngokuqwashisa okwandayo nokulahlwa kwezindaba zokuziphatha nezenhlalakahle ezihlobene nokukhiqizwa kwayo. Amazwe amaningi nezifunda sezivele zikuvimbele noma zikukhawulele ukukhiqizwa kwe-foie gras ngezizathu zokuziphatha kanye nenhlalakahle, okubonisa ukuvumelana okukhulayo ngesidingo soshintsho embonini. Ukukhala komphakathi kanye nobushoshovu babathengi kudlale indima ebalulekile ekuqhubekiseni lezi zinguquko zomthetho futhi kucindezele abakhiqizi ukuthi basebenzise izinqubo ezinobuntu.
Ukubhekana nesidingo sezinguquko ekukhiqizeni i-foie gras, izinyathelo eziningana zingathathwa. Lokhu kubandakanya:
- Ukuvimbela noma ukuqeda umkhuba wokuphakela abantu ngenkani (gavage) kanye nokushintshela kwezinye izindlela zokukhiqiza ezibeka phambili inhlalakahle yamadada namahansi.
- Ukusebenzisa imithethonqubo eqinile kanye nezindlela zokuphoqelela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthotshelwa kwezindinganiso zobuntu kanye nokuvimbela unya ekukhiqizweni kwe-foie gras.
- Ukutshala imali ocwaningweni nasekusunguleni ukuze kuthuthukiswe ezinye izindlela ezisimeme nezingenalo unya esikhundleni se-foie gras yendabuko, njengezinketho ezisekelwe ezitshalweni noma ze-cell-cultured.
- Ukufundisa abathengi mayelana nezindaba zokuziphatha kanye nezenhlalakahle ezihlobene nokukhiqizwa kwe-foie gras kanye nokukhuthaza ukukhetha okunye ukudla okuhambisana namagugu obubele nokusimama.
