Amajuba: umlando, ukuqonda kanye nokulondolozwa

Amajuba, avame ukucatshangelwa ngokuthi ayizinkathazo nje zasemadolobheni, anomlando onothile kanye nokuziphatha okubonisa okuthakazelisayo okudinga ukunakwa okuseduze. Lezi zinyoni, ezihlala umfazi oyedwa futhi ezikwazi ukukhulisa ama-brood amaningi ⁢ngonyaka, zidlale indima ebalulekile kuwo wonke umlando womuntu, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sempi. Iminikelo yabo phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, lapho basebenze khona njengezithunywa ezibalulekile, igcizelela amakhono abo amangalisayo kanye nesibopho esijulile ababelana ngaso nabantu. Ngokuphawulekayo, amajuba afana no-Vaillant, othumele imilayezo ebucayi ngaphansi kwezimo ezibucayi, ⁤azuze⁤ indawo yawo emlandweni njengamaqhawe angaziwa.

Ngaphandle kokubaluleka komlando, ukuphathwa kwesimanje kwamajuba kuyehluka kakhulu, kanti amanye amadolobha asebenzisa izindlela ezinonya ezinjengokudubula nokuqhunyiswa kwegesi, kanti amanye asebenzisa izindlela zobuntu ezifana⁤ nezindawo zokuvimbela inzalo kanye nokushintshwa kwamaqanda. Izinhlangano ezifana ne-⁤Projet Animaux Zoopolis⁢ (PAZ) zihamba phambili ekukhuthazeni ukuphathwa ngendlela efanele kanye nezindlela ezisebenzayo zokulawula inani labantu, ezilwela' ukugudluza umbono womphakathi⁤ kanye nenqubomgomo ziye kuzenzo ezibonisa uzwela.

Njengoba sihlolisisa umlando, ukuziphatha,⁣ kanye nokongiwa ⁢imizamo ezungeze amajuba, kuba sobala ukuthi lezi zinyoni zifanelwe ⁤ukuhlonishwa nokuvikelwa. Indaba yabo akuyona nje eyokusinda kodwa ⁢nokubekezelela ubudlelwano nobuntu, okubenza babe yingxenye ebalulekile yezinhlelo zethu zemvelo zasemadolobheni esabelana ngazo.

Njengoba itholakala yonke indawo emadolobheni ethu, amajuba avame ukunganakwa naphezu kokuziphatha kwawo okuthakazelisayo. Isici esisodwa esingaziwa kakhulu sokuziphatha kwawo siwukuba nomfazi oyedwa: Amajuba ahlala nomfazi oyedwa futhi ashade ukuphila kwakhe konke, nakuba lokhu kushada komuntu oyedwa kungokwenhlalo ngaphezu kofuzo. Ngempela, ukungethembeki kuye kwatholakala kwenzeka phakathi kwamajuba, ngisho noma kuyivelakancane. ¹

Ezindaweni zasemadolobheni, amajuba ahlala emigodini yokwakha. Insikazi ivamise ukubeka amaqanda amabili, afukanyelwa eyeduna emini kanye nensikazi ebusuku. Abazali babe sebephakela amatshwele “ngobisi lwejuba,” into enomsoco ekhiqizwa esitshalweni sawo ² . Cishe ngemva kwenyanga, amajuba amancane aqala ukundiza futhi ashiye isidleke ngemva kwesonto. Ngakho-ke, amajuba amabili angakhulisa ama-broods ayisithupha ngonyaka. ³

Naphezu kokubalwa kwezimali okunzima, kulinganiselwa ukuthi cishe izigidi ezingu-11 zamahhashi kanye namashumi ezinkulungwane zezinja namajuba asetshenziswa phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yokuqala ^Yesine . Amajuba athwalayo ayebaluleke kakhulu esikhathini esidlule ekuletheni imilayezo ephuthumayo neyimfihlo. Ngokwesibonelo, amajuba ayesetshenziswa ibutho laseFrance ukuze axhumane nemigqa engaphambili.

Ngaphambi kwempi, izikhungo zokuqeqesha amajuba ezempi zase zisungulwe eFrance, eCoëtquidan naseMontoire. Phakathi nempi, la majuba ayethuthwa ngamayunithi ensimu ehambayo, ngokuvamile ngamaloli ahlome ngokukhethekile, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ayethuthwa ezindizeni noma emikhunjini. ⁵ Amajuba angaba ngu-60 000 abuthelwa eMpini Yezwe Yokuqala. ⁶

Kula majuba angamaqhawe umlando ukhumbule uVaillant. I-Pigeon Vaillant ithathwa njengeqhawe leMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Ebhaliswe njengo-787.15, u-Vaillant wayeyijuba lokugcina elisuka e-Fort Vaux (indawo ekahle yebutho laseFrance), elakhululwa ngoJuni 4, 1916, ukuze lilethe umlayezo obalulekile ovela ku-Commander Raynal uya eVerdun. Lo mlayezo, othuthwe ngentuthu enobuthi nomlilo wesitha, ubike ukuhlasela kwegesi futhi wacela ukuxhumana okuphuthumayo. Enoshevu onzima, uVaillant wafika efa endaweni ephakeme yejuba enqabeni yaseVerdun, kodwa umlayezo wakhe wasindisa izimpilo eziningi. Ngokuqaphela isenzo sakhe sobuqhawe, wacashunwa ku-National Order: umhlobiso wesiFulentshi oqaphela izinkonzo noma izenzo zokuzinikela okukhethekile, ezifeza iFrance ngokubeka impilo yomuntu engozini. ⁷

Ikhadi leposi lakudala elibonisa ijuba lenkampani yenethiwekhi. ( Umthombo )

Namuhla, ukuphathwa kwamajuba kuyehluka kakhulu ukusuka kwelinye idolobha ukuya kwelinye. E-France, awukho umthetho othize olawula lokhu kuphatha, oshiya omasipala abafisa ukungenelela bekhululekile ukuze bakhethe phakathi kwezindlela ezinonya (njengokudubula, ukuthwebula okulandelwa ukushaywa ngegesi, ukuvala inzalo ngokuhlinzwa, noma ukuthusa) noma izindlela zokuziphatha ezifana nezindawo zokuvimbela inzalo (izakhiwo ezihlinzekayo. indawo yokuhlala amajuba ngenkathi elawula abantu bawo). Izindlela zokulawula inani labantu zihilela ukunyakazisa amaqanda abekiwe, esikhundleni sawo kufakwe awomgunyathi, kanye nokuhlinzeka ngommbila wokuvimbela inzalo (ukwelashwa kokuvimbela inzalo okuqondiswe ngokukhethekile kumajuba, okwethulwa ngohlobo lwezinhlamvu zommbila). Le ndlela entsha, ehlonipha inhlalakahle yezilwane, isivele ifakazele ukusebenza kwayo emadolobheni amaningi aseYurophu. ⁸

Ukuze uqonde kangcono izinqubo zamanje, i-Projet Animaux Zoopolis (PAZ) yacela amadokhumenti okuphatha ahlobene nokuphathwa kwamajuba komasipala abacishe babe ngu-250 (abakhulu eFrance ngokwenani labantu). yamanje ibonisa ukuthi cishe idolobha elilodwa kwamabili lisebenzisa izindlela ezinonya.

Ukuze kuliwe nale mikhuba, i-PAZ isebenza kuwo womabili amazinga endawo nawezwe. Ezingeni lendawo, le nhlangano yenza uphenyo ukuze iveze izindlela ezinonya ezisetshenziswa amadolobha athile, isekela imibiko ngezikhalazo, futhi ihlangana nezikhulu ezikhethiwe ukuze zethule izindlela zokuziphatha eziphumelelayo. Ngenxa yemizamo yethu, amadolobha amaningana ayeke ukusebenzisa izindlela ezinonya zokulwa namajuba, anjengo-Annecy, Colmar, Marseille, Nantes, Rennes, kanye neTours.

Esigabeni sikazwelonke, iPAZ iphumelele ukuqwashisa ngezombusazwe mayelana nezindlela ezinonya ezisetshenziswa ukulwa namajuba. Kusukela ekuqaleni komkhankaso , amaphini angu-17 kanye namasenenja athumele imibuzo ebhaliwe kuHulumeni, futhi umthethosivivinywa okuhloswe ngawo ukwenza umthetho ngale ndaba uyalungiswa.

I-PAZ iphinde izibophezele ngokwesiko ukukhuthaza ukuhlalisana ngokuthula nezilwane ze-liminal, okuyizilwane ezihlala ngokukhululeka ezindaweni zasemadolobheni. Lezi zilwane, okuhlanganisa amajuba, amagundane, nonogwaja, zithintwa ukufudukela emadolobheni, okuhlanganisa ukuphazamiseka kwendawo yokuhlala, indlela yokuphila, nokudla. Le nhlangano izama ukuvusa inkulumompikiswano emphakathini mayelana nokuphathwa kwamajuba. Ngo-2023, izenzo zethu zokuvikela amajuba zathola izimpendulo zemidiya , futhi kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-2024, sibale ezingaphezu kuka-120.

Ngo-2024, i-PAZ yaqala uSuku Lomhlaba Lokuqala Lokuvikela Izilwane Ezinqamulelayo, igxile kumajuba nezindlela ezinonya zokuziqondisa. Lolu suku lusekelwa izinhlangano ezingama-35, amaqembu amathathu ezepolitiki, nomasipala ababili baseFrance. Kuhlelwe ukugqugquzelwa komgwaqo okuyishumi nanhlanu emhlabeni wonke, okuhlanganisa ne-12 eYurophu kanye nokuthathu e-United States. Ezinye izenzo zethonya lamasiko (isb, ama-athikili, ama-podcast, njll.) nazo zizokwenzeka e-Spain, e-Italy, e-Mexico, nase-France.

Kubalulekile ukunaka isiphetho samajuba nezinye izilwane ^{ezidelelekile} noma ezibulawayo. Nakuba kunzima ukulinganisa inani lamajuba e-France ngokunembile, siyazi ukuthi kukhona amajuba angama-rock angaba ngu-23,000 (Columba livia) eParis. ¹⁰ Izindlela zokuphatha ezinonya, njengokudubula, ukuqhunyiswa ngegesi (okufana nokuminza), ukwesabisa (lapho amajuba ehlaselwa izinyoni ezidla inyama okuye kwadingeka ukuba zibekezelele ukuqeqeshwa nokuthunjwa), kanye nokuhlinzwa inzalo (indlela ebuhlungu enezinga eliphakeme kakhulu lokudla) . izinga lokufa ), kubangela ukuhlupheka okukhulu kubantu abaningi. Kukhona amajuba kuwo wonke amadolobha. I-PAZ ilwela inqubekelaphambili ebalulekile ngokugqamisa ukwesabeka kwalezi zindlela zokuphatha, ukungasebenzi kwazo, ukukhula kozwela lomphakathi ngamajuba, kanye nokutholakala kwezinye izindlela zokuziphatha nezisebenzayo.

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