Njengoba umphakathi womhlaba wonke ubhekana nezinkinga ezimbili zokukhuluphala kanye nokungondleki kahle, kanye nezinsongo ezikhulayo zokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, ukufuna izixazululo zokudla okusimeme akukaze kube okuphuthumayo. Ukulima kwezilwane ezimbonini, ikakhulukazi ukukhiqizwa kwenyama yenkomo, kunomthelela omkhulu ekucekeleni phansi kwemvelo kanye nezindaba zezempilo. Kulo mongo, ukuhlola amanye amaprotheni (APs)—atholakala ezitshalweni, izinambuzane, ama-microorganisms, noma ezolimo ezisekelwe kumaseli—kunikeza indlela ethembisayo yokunciphisa lezi zinselele.
Isihloko esithi “Alternative Proteins: Revolutioning Global Diet” sidingida emandleni okuguqula ama-APs ekubumbeni kabusha amaphethini okudla omhlaba kanye nezinqubomgomo ezidingekayo ukusekela lolu shintsho. Ibhalwe ngu-María Schilling futhi isekelwe ocwaningweni olubanzi luka-Kraak, V., Kapur, M., Thamilselvan, V., et al., ucezu lugqamisa ukuthi ukushintshela kuma-APs kunganciphisa kanjani ubungozi bezempilo obuhambisana nokudla okusindayo kwenyama, okuphansi. imithelela yezemvelo, kanye nokubhekana nezinkinga zezifo ze-zoonotic kanye nokuxhashazwa kwezilwane ezifuywayo kanye nezisebenzi zabantu.
Ababhali bahlola amathrendi okusetshenziswa komhlaba wonke futhi banikeze izincomo zochwepheshe zokudla okusimeme, okunempilo, ikakhulukazi okugxile ekungalinganini phakathi kwamazwe anemali engenayo ephezulu kanye namazwe anemali engenayo ephansi naphakathi. Nakuba amazwe anemali engenayo ephezulu ekhuthazwa ukuba ehlise ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yezilwane esikhundleni sokudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni, isimo sinzima kakhulu ezifundeni zabantu abahola kancane. Lapha, intuthuko esheshayo ekukhiqizweni kokudla iholele ekwandeni kokusetshenziswa kokudla okugayiwe kakhulu, okuholele ekuntulekeni komsoco, ukungondleki kahle, kanye nokukhuluphala.
Leli phepha lithi ukufaka ama-AP ekudleni emazweni anemali engenayo ephansi naphakathi kungase kukhuthaze imikhuba yokudla enempilo futhi eqhubekayo, inqobo nje uma lezi zindlela zinomsoco futhi zamukelekile ngokwesiko. Ababhali bafuna izinqubomgomo eziphelele zikahulumeni zokwenza lolu shintsho lwezokudla, lugcizelele isidingo sohlelo lokuhlukanisa olwamukelwa emhlabeni wonke lwama-AP kanye nezincomo zokudla okusimeme ezihambisana nezidingo zabantu abahlukahlukene.
Njengoba isidingo sama-AP sikhula ezifundeni ezifana ne-Asia Pacific, Australasia, Western Europe, kanye neNyakatho Melika, i-athikili igcizelela ukubaluleka kokuqondanisa imihlahlandlela yezokudla esekelwe ekudleni nezincomo zochwepheshe. Lokhu kuqondanisa kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukungondleki kanye nokukhuthaza impilo yomhlaba wonke nokusimama.
Isifinyezo Ngu: María Schilling | Isifundo Soqobo Ngu: Kraak, V., Kapur, M., Thamilselvan, V., et al. (2023) | Kushicilelwe: Juni 12, 2024
Lesi sihloko sibheka indima evelayo yamanye amaprotheni ekudleni komhlaba wonke kanye nezinqubomgomo ezibumba lolu shintsho.
Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kanye nokungondleki kahle kuwusongo olukhulu empilweni yomuntu, kuyilapho ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kuthinta kokubili abantu neplanethi. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukulima kwezilwane ezimbonini, futhi ikakhulukazi ukukhiqizwa kwenyama yenkomo, kunesimo sezulu esiphezulu kunezolimo ezisekelwe ezitshalweni . Izidlo ezinzima zenyama (ikakhulukazi "ebomvu" kanye nenyama egayiwe) nazo zihlotshaniswa nenani lezinkinga zempilo.
Kulo mongo, ababhali baleli phepha baphikisa ngokuthi ukushintshela kwamanye amaprotheni (APs), angatholakala ezitshalweni, izinambuzane, ama-microorganisms, noma ezolimo ezisekelwe kumaseli kunganciphisa ubungozi bezempilo obuhambisana nokusetshenziswa kwenyama enzima ngenkathi kunciphisa umthelela wemvelo. , ingozi yesifo se-zoonotic , nokuphathwa kabi kwezilwane ezifuywayo nezisebenzi ezingabantu.
Leli phepha lihlola amathrendi okusetshenziswa komhlaba wonke, izincomo zochwepheshe zokudla okunempilo okusimeme, kanye nemininingwane yenqubomgomo evela emazweni anemali engenayo ephezulu ukuze kuqondwe ukuthi ama-AP angakusekela kanjani ukudla okunempilo nokuqhubekayo emazweni anemali engenayo ephansi naphakathi (lapho abantu bethola khona amazinga aphezulu okungondleki).
Emazweni anemali engenayo ephezulu, izincomo zochwepheshe zokudla okusimeme, okunempilo zigxila ekwehliseni ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yezilwane kanye nokudla okuningi okugcwele imithombo yezitshalo. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ababhali baveza ukuthi izimo zezizwe eziningi ezihola kancane kanye neziphakathi zihlukile: intuthuko esheshayo ekukhiqizeni ukudla ikhulise ukusetshenziswa kwabo kokudla okugayiwe kakhulu kanye neziphuzo ezinoshukela, okuholela ezindabeni ezinjengokuntula izakhi, ukungondleki, nokukhuluphala.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusetshenziswa kwezilwane ukudla kusethwe emasikweni amaningi amasiko. Ababhali baphikisa ngokuthi imikhiqizo yezilwane ingasiza ukuhlinzeka ngokudla okunamaprotheni anele kanye nama-micronutrients ezindaweni zasemakhaya ezisengozini. Kodwa-ke, ukufakwa kwama-APs kungaba nomthelela ekudleni okunempilo, okusimeme kakhulu emazweni anemali engenayo emaphakathi nephansi uma benelisa izidingo zabantu futhi kunomsoco. Baveza ukuthi ohulumeni kufanele bakhe izinqubomgomo eziphelele ezigxile kulokhu kuthuthukiswa.
Lapho ucubungula isidingo sesifunda samaprotheni, lo mbiko uphawula ukuthi amazwe anemali engenayo ephezulu naphakathi nendawo asebenzisa kakhulu imikhiqizo yezilwane uma kuqhathaniswa namazwe anemali ephansi. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kobisi nobisi kulindeleke ukuthi kukhuphuke emazweni anengeniso ephansi. Ngokuphambene, nakuba ama-AP esamele imakethe encane uma kuqhathaniswa nemikhiqizo yezilwane, isidingo sama-AP siyakhula ezingxenyeni ze-Asia Pacific, Australasia, Western Europe, kanye naseNyakatho Melika.
Ngisho nasemazweni anemali engenayo ephezulu, ababhali babonisa ukuthi alukho uhlelo olwanele, olwamukelwa emhlabeni wonke lokuhlukanisa olwanele ama-APs, futhi kunesidingo sezinqubomgomo eziphelele ezisungula izincomo zokudla okunempilo okusimeme ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zabaphansi naphakathi- abantu abaholayo ukuze kuvinjwe ukungondleki.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, imihlahlandlela kazwelonke yokudla okusekelwe ekudleni (FBDGs) yenziwe ngamazwe angaphezu kwe-100, futhi yehluka kakhulu. Ukuhlaziywa kwemihlahlandlela yezokudla yezizwe ze-G20 kubonise ukuthi ezinhlanu kuphela ezihlangabezana nemikhawulo yochwepheshe enyameni ebomvu egayiwe, kanye nezinketho eziyisithupha kuphela ezihlongozwayo ezisekelwe ezitshalweni noma ezizinzile. Nakuba ama-FBDG amaningi encoma ubisi lwezilwane noma iziphuzo ezisekelwe ezitshalweni ezilingana nokudla okunomsoco, ababhali baphikisa ngokuthi ubisi oluningi olusekelwe ezitshalweni oluthengiswa emazweni anemali engenayo ephezulu alufinyeleli ekulinganeni okunomsoco nobisi lwezilwane. Ngenxa yalokhu, baphikisa ngokuthi ohulumeni kufanele bathuthukise izindinganiso zokulawula ukwanela komsoco wale mikhiqizo uma izotuswa emazweni anemali engenayo emaphakathi nephansi. Iziqondiso zokudla zingathuthukiswa ngokutusa ukudla okucebile ezitshalweni ezinempilo neziqhubekayo, futhi ulwazi kufanele lube lula, lucace, futhi lunembe.
Ababhali banomuzwa wokuthi ohulumeni kufanele baqondise ukuthuthukiswa kwama-AP ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi awagcini nje ngokunomsoco futhi azinzile kodwa futhi ayathengeka futhi ayakhanga ekunambitheni. Ngokombiko, amazwe ambalwa kuphela anezincomo zobuchwepheshe zemithetho yemikhiqizo nezithako ze-AP, futhi indawo elawulayo iveza ukungezwani phakathi komkhiqizo wezilwane ojwayelekile kanye nabakhiqizi be-AP. Ababhali baphikisa ngokuthi imihlahlandlela yamazwe ngamazwe kanye namanani ereferensi yezakhi, amazinga okuphepha kokudla, kanye nezilinganiso zesithako namalebula kufanele kubekwe ukuze kube lula ukuhwebelana kwamazwe ngamazwe nokwazisa abathengi ngokukhetha kwabo ukudla. Amasistimu okulebula alula, abonakalayo asho ngokucacile inani lokudla okunempilo kanye nephrofayili yokusimama kokudla kuyadingeka.
Kafushane, lo mbiko uthi uhlelo lwamanje lokudla komhlaba wonke alufinyeleli imiphumela yokudla okunomsoco kanye nezempilo, ukusimama kwemvelo, kanye nezinhloso zokulingana. Abameli bezilwane bangasebenza nezikhulu zikahulumeni nama-ejensi ukuze benze ezinye zezinqubomgomo ezinconyiwe ngenhla. Kubalulekile futhi kubameli abaphansi emazweni anemali engenayo ephezulu kanye nephansi ukwenza abathengi bazi ukuthi ukukhetha kwabo ukudla kuxhumene kanjani nempilo, imvelo, nokuhlupheka kwabantu nezilwane.
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