Umqondo wenhlalakahle yezilwane ungase ubonakale uqondile uma uthi nhlá, kodwa ukuhlola ubunkimbinkimbi bokuwukala emazweni ahlukene kuveza inselele futhi enezinhlangothi eziningi. Ukuhlonza amazwe angcono kakhulu futhi namabi kakhulu enhlalakahle yezilwane kuhilela ukuzulazula ku-labyrinth yezinto eziguquguqukayo, kusukela inani lezilwane ezihlatshwa minyaka yonke kuya ezimweni zokuphila zezilwane zasemapulazini, izindlela zokuhlaba, kanye nemithetho evikela amalungelo ezilwane . Izinhlangano ezehlukene zenze lo msebenzi onzima, ngayinye isebenzisa izindlela ezihlukile zokukala amazwe—ngokusekelwe ekwelashweni kwawo kwezilwane.
Enye yezinhlangano ezinjalo iVoiceless, eyathuthukisa i-Voiceless Animal Cruelty Index (VACI). Le ndlela eyingxubevange ihlola inhlalakahle yezilwane ngezigaba ezintathu: Ukukhiqiza Unya, Ukudla Unya, kanye Nokujezisa Unya. Omunye umdlali obalulekile kule nkundla I-Animal Protection Index (API), ehlola amazwe ngokususelwe kuzinhlaka zawo zezomthetho futhi inikeze incwadi amamaki ukusuka ku-A kuya ku-G.
Ngaphandle kwemizamo yalezi zinhlangano, ukulinganisa inhlalakahle yezilwane kusewumsebenzi oyinkimbinkimbi ngokwemvelo. Izinto ezinjengokungcoliswa komhlaba, ukucekelwa phansi kwemvelo, kanye nezimo zengqondo eziphathelene namasiko ezilwaneni zenza isithombe sibe nzima. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphoqelelwa kwemithetho yokuvikela izilwane kuyahlukahluka kakhulu, okwengeza esinye isendlalelo sobunzima ekudaleni uhlelo oluphelele kanye olunembayo lwezinga.
Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola izindlela ezingemuva kwezikhundla ze-VACI kanye API, sihlole ukuthi yimaphi amazwe athathwa njengangcono kakhulu futhi mabi kakhulu kwezenhlalakahle yezilwane, futhi sihlole izizathu ezibangela ukungafani kulawa mazinga. Ngalokhu kuhlola, sihlose ukukhanyisa ngemvelo enezici eziningi zenhlalakahle yezilwane kanye nemizamo eqhubekayo yokuyilinganisa nokuyithuthukisa emhlabeni wonke.
Umqondo ojwayelekile wenhlalakahle yezilwane ungase ubonakale uqondile. Kodwa imizamo yokulinganisa inhlalakahle yezilwane iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ukuzama ukukhomba amazwe angcono kakhulu futhi amabi kakhulu enhlalakahleni yezilwane akuwona umsebenzi olula, kodwa ukubhekisisa umsebenzi wezinhlangano eziningana ezimele amalungelo ezilwane kusinika umbono wokuthi yiziphi izindawo eziphatha izilwane kangcono kakhulu - futhi ezimbi kakhulu .
Ukulinganisa Inhlalakahle Yezilwane: Awukho Umsebenzi Olula
Izinto eziningi zinganikela noma ziphazamise inhlalakahle yezilwane zezwe elithile, futhi ayikho indlela eyodwa noma ebumbene yokulinganisa zonke.
Ngokwesibonelo, ungase uqhathanise ingqikithi yenani lezilwane ezihlatshwa ezweni ngalinye unyaka ngamunye. Kukhona ukukhanga okunembile kule ndlela, njengoba ukuhlaba isilwane kuyindlela yokugcina yokunciphisa inhlalakahle yaso.
Kepha amanani okufa okungahleliwe, anolwazi njengoba enjalo, ashiya ezinye izici ezibalulekile. Izimo zokuphila zezilwane zasemapulazini ngaphambi kokuba zihlatshwe ziyisici esikhulu senhlalakahle yazo, isibonelo, njengendlela yokuhlaba kanye nendlela ezihanjiswa ngayo ezilaheni.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, akukhona konke ukuhlupheka kwezilwane okwenzeka ngaphakathi kwezolimo ezithuthukisiwe kwasekuqaleni. Ukungcola nokucekelwa phansi kwemvelo , ukuhlolwa kwezimonyo, ukulwa kwezilwane okungekho emthethweni, unya ezilwaneni ezifuywayo neminye imikhuba eminingi kulimaza inhlalakahle yezilwane, futhi akuvezwa kwizibalo zokufa kwezilwane ezingavuthiwe.
Enye indlela engaba khona yokulinganisa isimo senhlalakahle yezilwane ezweni iwukubheka ukuthi imiphi imithetho enayo ezincwadini ezivikela izilwane - noma, ngokunye, ziqhubekisela phambili ukulimala kwazo. Lena indlela esetshenziswa i-Animal Protection Index (API), omunye wemithombo esizobhekisela kuyo kamuva.
Yini Enquma Inhlalakahle Yezilwane Ezweni?
Imithetho ejezisa unya lwezilwane ngabantu, elawula ukuphathwa kwezilwane emapulazini ezimboni nasezindaweni zokuhlatshwa, enqabela ukucekelwa phansi kwemvelo okulimaza izilwane futhi eqaphela imizwa yezilwane konke kungakhuphula inhlalakahle yezilwane ezweni. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imithetho evumela ngempumelelo ukuphathwa kabi kwezilwane, njengemithetho ye-ag-gag kwezinye izifunda zase-US , izoholela enhlalakahleni yezilwane ezimbi kakhulu.
Kodwa kunoma yiliphi izwe, kunemithetho eminingi, eminingi, eminingi ehlukene engase ithinte inhlalakahle yezilwane, futhi ayikho indlela eqondile yokunquma ukuthi iyiphi kule mithetho “ebalulekile” kuneminye. Njengoba kubalulekile ukuqiniswa komthetho: ukuvikela izilwane akukuhle kangako uma kungaphoqelelwa, ngakho ukubheka imithetho esezincwadini kuphela nakho kungadukisa.
Ngokwethiyori, enye indlela enhle kakhulu yokuhlola inhlalakahle yezilwane ezweni kungaba ukubheka isimo sengqondo sezenkolo namasiko ngezilwane kulelozwe. Kodwa izimo zengqondo azikwazi ukulinganiswa ngobuningi, futhi ngisho noma zingase zingakwazi, azihlali zihambisana nokuziphatha kwangempela.
Indlela Yenhlanganisela Yokukala Amalungelo Ezilwane
Amamethrikhi ashiwo ngenhla wonke anobuhle naphansi. Ukunqoba le nselele, ithimba lezenhlalakahle yezilwane Voiceless lakha iVoiceless Animal Cruelty Index (VACI), indlela exubile yokulinganisa inhlalakahle yezilwane. Lolu hlelo lusebenzisa izigaba ezintathu ezihlukene zokulinganisa izinga lezwe lenhlalakahle yezilwane: Ukukhiqiza Unya, Ukudla Unya kanye Nokujezisa Unya.
Ukukhiqiza Unya kukala inani lezilwane izwe elizihlabayo ukuze kudliwe minyaka yonke, kodwa ngokwesisekelo somuntu ngamunye ukuze sibala inani labantu bamazwe ahlukahlukene. Isamba esikhona lapha siphinde sihlanganise izinga lezwe ngalinye, emzamweni wokubala indlela yokuphathwa kwezilwane ngaphambi kokuba zihlatshwe.
Isigaba sesibili, i-Consuming Cruelty, sibheka izinga lezwe lokudliwa kwenyama nobisi, futhi ngokwesisekelo somuntu ngamunye. Isebenzisa amamethrikhi amabili ukukala lokhu: isilinganiso sokusetshenziswa kwamaprotheni ezilwane ezifuywayo ekusetshenzisweni kwamaprotheni asekelwe ezitshalweni ezweni, kanye nesilinganiso sengqikithi yenani lezilwane ezidliwayo ngomuntu ngamunye.
Okokugcina, I-Sanctioning Cruelty ibheka imithetho neziqondiso izwe ngalinye elinenhlalakahle yezilwane ezizungezile, futhi kusekelwe ezilinganisweni zezenhlalakahle ku-API.
Ngaphambi kokungena ezilinganisweni, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-Voiceless kanye ne-Animal Protection Index ibheka amazwe angama-50 kuphela. Amazwe akhethiwe ayikhaya lamaphesenti angu-80 ezilwane ezifuywayo emhlabeni wonke , futhi nakuba kunezizathu ezingokoqobo zalo mkhawulo wendlela yokwenza, kusho ukuthi imiphumela iza nezinye izixwayiso, esizongena kuzo kamuva.
Imaphi Amazwe Angcono Kakhulu Kwezenhlalakahle Yezilwane?
Izikhundla ze-VACI
Isebenzisa le mibandela eshiwo ngenhla, i-VACI ithi la mazwe alandelayo anezinga eliphakeme kakhulu lenhlalakahle yezilwane . Zimi ngokulandelana kwazo:
- I-Tanzania (iboshiwe)
- I-India (iboshiwe)
- Kenya
- eNigeria
- I-Sweden (iboshiwe)
- I-Switzerland (iboshiwe)
- E-Austria
- I-Ethiopia (iboshiwe)
- I-Niger (boshiwe)
- EPhilippines
Amazinga e-API
I -API isebenzisa ukuhlola okubanzi kancane , yabela izwe ngalinye ibanga lezinhlamvu zokuphatha kwalo izilwane. Izinhlamvu zisuka ku-A ziye ku-G; ngeshwa, awekho amazwe athola u-“A,” kodwa amaningana athola u-“B” noma u-“C.”
Amazwe alandelayo anikezwe u-“B:”
- E-Austria
- I-Denmark
- Abase Netherlands
- eSweden
- eSwitzerland
- I-United Kingdom
Amazwe angezansi anikezwe u-“C” wokuphatha izilwane:
- E-New Zealand
- I-India
- eMexico
- I-Malaysia
- France
- EJalimane
- Italy
- Poland
- Spain
Imaphi Amazwe Ambi Kakhulu Ngenhlalakahle Yezilwane?
I-VACI kanye ne-API baphinde babala amazwe abawabona njengamabi kakhulu enhlalakahleni yezilwane.
Nazi, ngohlelo olwehlayo lobubi, ku-VACI:
- I-Australia (iboshiwe)
- I-Belarus (iboshiwe)
- I-the united states
- I-Argentina (iboshiwe)
- I-Myanmar (iboshiwe)
- I-Iran
- Russia
- Brazil
- I-Morocco
- eChile
Uhlelo oluhlukile lwezinga, I-Animal Protection Index, okwamanje, lunikeze amazwe amabili isilinganiso "G" senhlalakahle yezilwane - ibanga eliphansi kakhulu elingenzeka - namanye amazwe ayisikhombisa "F," ibanga lesibili elibi kakhulu. Nanka lawo mazinga:
- I-Iran (G)
- I-Azerbaijan (G)
- I-Belarus (F)
- I-Algeria (F)
- I-Egypt (F)
- I-Ethiopia (F)
- I-Morocco (F)
- I-Myanmar (F)
- I-Vietnam (F)
Kungani Kunomehluko Emazingeni Ezenhlalakahle Yezilwane?
Njengoba sibona, kunesilinganiso esihle sesivumelwano phakathi kwamazinga amabili. ISwitzerland, iSweden ne-Austria zonke zikleliswe phezulu kuzo zombili izinhlu, futhi yize i-India ithole ibanga eliphansi kakhulu ku-API, izinga layo lezenhlalakahle lisayibeka kumaphesenti angama-30 aphezulu amazwe ahloliwe.
Kukhona ukunqwabelanisa okwengeziwe mayelana namazwe amabi kakhulu enhlalakahleni yezilwane, i-Iran, iBelarus, iMorocco neMyanmar zonke zisezingeni eliphansi kakhulu kuzo zombili izinhlu.
Kodwa kukhona nokungafani okuphawulekayo. Mhlawumbe okuphawuleka kakhulu i-Ethiopia: ngokusho kwe-VACI, ingelinye lamazwe ahamba phambili emhlabeni ngezilwane, kodwa i-API ithi ingelinye lamazwe amabi kakhulu.
I-Tanzania, i-Kenya kanye namanye amazwe amaningana ase-Afrika athole amamaki aphezulu ku-VACI anikezwa amamaki aphakathi ukuya kwabampofu ku-API. I-Denmark ne-Netherlands zikleliswe phezulu ku-Animal Protection Index, kodwa zazingaphansi kwesilinganiso ezilinganisweni ze-VACI.
Ngakho, kungani zonke lezi zingxabano? Kunezimpendulo eziningana kulo mbuzo, futhi zonke zikhanyisa ngezindlela zazo.
I-Ethiopia, iKenya, iTanzania, iNiger kanye neNigeria zonke zikleliswe endaweni ephansi kakhulu ku-API, okubonisa ukuthi zinemithetho neziqondiso zenhlalakahle yezilwane ezibuthakathaka. Nakuba lokho kungeyona into yokubungaza, kuphinde kudlulwe ngezinye izici ezimbili: izindlela zokulima kanye namazinga okusetshenziswa kwenyama.
Kuwo wonke amazwe angenhla, amapulazi emboni ayivelakancane noma awekho, futhi ukulima kwezilwane kuncane futhi kubanzi. Imfuyo eningi ehluphekayo emhlabeni wonke ibangelwa imikhuba evamile yamapulazi efektri; ukulima okubanzi okuncane, ngokuphambene , kunikeza izilwane indawo yokuhlala eyengeziwe kanye nezinsiza eziyisisekelo, futhi ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa kakhulu usizi lwazo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amazwe ase-Afrika okukhulunywe ngawo ngenhla anamazinga aphansi kakhulu okusetshenziswa kwenyama, ubisi nobisi. I-Ethiopia iyisibonelo esiphawuleka ngokukhethekile: izakhamuzi zakhona zidla izilwane ezimbalwa kumuntu ngamunye kunanoma yiliphi elinye izwe ohlwini, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwesilwane ngomuntu ngamunye kungamaphesenti angu- 10 nje esilinganiso somhlaba wonke .
Ngenxa yalokho, zimbalwa kakhulu izilwane zasemapulazini ezibulawayo minyaka yonke emazweni angenhla, futhi lokhu kwandisa izinga lenhlalakahle yezilwane.
E-Netherlands, ngakolunye uhlangothi, into efana ne-reverse iyiqiniso. Izwe linemithetho eqinile yenhlalakahle yezilwane emhlabeni, kodwa likhiqiza futhi lidle inani elikhulu lemikhiqizo yezilwane, elinciphisa kancane umthelela wemithetho yalo eqinile yokulwa nonya.
Umugqa Ophansi
Izivumelwano nokungahambelani phakathi kwezilinganiso ze-VACI ne-API zigqamisa iqiniso elibalulekile: noma ngabe sikhuluma ngezwe, amadolobhakazi noma abantu, kunezimfanelo eziningi ezingakwazi ukukalwa nge-spectrum eyodwa. Inhlalakahle yezilwane ingenye yazo; ngenkathi singaqhamuka nezinga elinzima lamazwe, alukho uhlu "lwamazwe ayi-10 ahamba phambili enhlalakahleni yezilwane" oluqinisekile, olubanzi noma olungenazimfihlo.
Uhlu lwe-API luphinde lwembule elinye iqiniso: amazwe amaningi awenzi okuningi kakhulu ukuvikela nokukhuthaza inhlalakahle yezilwane. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi alikho nelilodwa izwe elithole ibanga elithi “A” ku-API, okusho ukuthi ngisho namazwe anemithetho ethuthukayo kakhulu yenhlalakahle yezilwane, njenge-Netherlands, asenayo indlela yokukhuthaza ngempela ukuphila kahle kwezilwane zawo.
Qaphela: Lokhu okuqukethwe bekushicilelwe ekuqaleni ku-SeintMedia.org futhi kungahle kungabonisi imibono yesisekelo Humane Foundation.
