Izinambuzane Azikho

Isazi sesayensi yemvelo uJordi Casamitjana sixoxa ngomqondo “wezinambuzane” futhi sichaza ukuthi kungani izilwane ezingezona abantu kungafanele neze zichazwe ngegama elilula kangaka.

Ngingowokufika.

Kubonakala sengathi akunandaba ukuthi ngibe yisakhamuzi sase-UK iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30, ngoba emehlweni abantu abaningi, ngingowokufika futhi ngiyoba njalo. Ukubukeka kwami ​​akukona ngempela lokho abanye abantu abacabanga ukuthi izifiki zibukeka kanjani, kodwa lapho ngikhuluma futhi kuzwakala indlela engikhuluma ngayo yakwelinye izwe, labo ababheka izifiki ngokuthi “bona” bavele bangibize kanjalo.

Lokhu akungikhathazi kangako - okungenani ngaphambi kwe -Brexit - njengoba ngamukele iqiniso lokuthi ngiyingxube yamasiko, ngakho-ke nginenhlanhla ikakhulukazi uma ngiqhathaniswa nalabo abaye baphila impilo yamasiko e-monochromatic. Nginendaba kuphela lapho ukuhlukaniswa okunjalo kwenziwa ngendlela ehlambalazayo njengokuthi ngifanelwe ngaphansi “kunabantu bomdabu” noma uma ngenze okuthile okungalungile ngokuthuthela e-UK ngisuka eCatalonia futhi ngiqunge isibindi sokuba isakhamuzi saseBrithani. Lapho ngibhekene nalolu hlobo lokucwaswa kwabokufika - okuthi, kimina, kuvele kube okokungacwasi ngokwebala ngenhlanhla njengoba izici zami zingabonakali “njengezinye izizwe” kakhulu - yilapho-ke ngisabela encazelweni, ngikhomba ukuthi sonke singabokufika.

Kunesikhathi lapho kungekho muntu owake wabeka unyawo eziQhingini zaseBrithani, futhi labo abafika kuqala basuka e-Afrika. Uma lokho kukude kakhulu emlandweni ukuba abantu bangalamukela leli phuzu, kuthiwani ngabafuduki abavela emazweni manje aseyiBelgium, i-Italy, iNyakatho Jalimane, iScandinavia, noma iNormandy? Akukho “womdabu” wamaNgisi, amaCornish, amaWales, ama-Irish, noma amaScottish ohlala eziQhingini zaseBrithani namuhla ongenalo igazi elivela kubafuduki abanjalo. Ulwazi lwami ngalolu hlobo lokulebula olungamukelekile alufani neze nengqikithi yaseBrithani. Kwenzeka noma yikuphi emhlabeni ngoba umbono wokuthi “bona nathi” kanye “nokubukela phansi abanye” kuyizinto ezithinta abantu emhlabeni wonke. Abantu abavela kuwo wonke amasiko bebelokhu bekwenza lapho bechaza abantu bezinhlobo ezingezona ezabantu. Njengasegameni elithi “umfiki”, sonakalise amagama ebengeke angathathi hlangothi, okuwanika umqondo omubi wokuchaza izilwane ezingezona ezomuntu (njengesibonelo, “isilwane esifuywayo” - ungafunda ngalokhu esihlokweni engisibhalile esinesihloko esithi “ Kungani Ama-Vegans Engagcini' Izilwane Ezifuywayo ” ), kodwa sesidlulele phambili kunalokho. Sidale amatemu amasha ahlala engemihle, futhi siwasebenzise cishe ezilwaneni ezingezona abantu ukuze siqinise umuzwa wethu ongafanele wokuba ngaphezu kwakho konke. Elinye lala magama lithi “inkathazo”. Le lebula ehlambalazayo ayisetshenziswa kuphela kubantu noma kubantu ngokusekelwe kulokho abakwenzayo noma ukuthi bakuphi, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi isetshenziselwa ngokungenamahloni ukuphawula zonke izinhlobo zezilwane, isizukulwane, noma imindeni. Lokhu akulungile njengoba i-Brit enezihlukumezi ibeka uphawu kubo bonke abantu bangaphandle njengabafiki futhi ibasola ngobumpumputhe ngazo zonke izinkinga zabo. Kuyafaneleka ukunikezela ibhulogi kuleli gama nomqondo.

Kusho Ukuthini “Izinambuzane”?

Empeleni, igama elithi “inkathazo” lisho umuntu ocasulayo ongase abe uhlupho. Ngokuvamile lisetshenziswa ezilwaneni ezingezona ezomuntu, kodwa lingasetshenziswa, ngandlela thize, ngendlela engokomfanekiso, nakubantu (kodwa kulokhu kwenziwa ngokuqhathanisa umuntu nezilwane ezingezona ezabantu esivame ukuzisebenzisa leli gama, njengasegameni elithi “isilo. ”).

Ngakho-ke, leli gama lixhunyaniswe kakhulu nendlela abantu abazizwa ngayo ngalaba bantu, kunokuba bangobani ngempela. Umuntu oyedwa angase acasule omunye, kodwa hhayi kumuntu wesithathu, noma abantu abanjalo bangase babangele isicefe kwabanye abantu kodwa abanye bangavezwa ngokulinganayo ebukhoneni babo nasekuziphatheni kwabo. Ngamanye amazwi, kubonakala sengathi yitemu elihlobene elimchaza kangcono umuntu olisebenzisayo kunomuntu okuqondiwe elisetshenziselwa yena.

Kodwa-ke, abantu bathambekele ekwenzeni izinto zibe ziningi futhi bathathe izinto ngokwesilinganiso nomongo, ngakho-ke obekufanele kuhlale kuwukubonakaliswa okuqondile kwemizwa yomunye ngomunye umuntu, sekuphenduke inhlamba engalungile esetshenziselwa ukuphawula abanye ngokungakhethi. Ngakho-ke, incazelo yezinambuzane isishintshile futhi emiqondweni yabantu abaningi ifana “nesinambuzane esibhubhisayo nesiyingozi. noma esinye isilwane esincane, esihlasela izitshalo, ukudla, imfuyo [sic], noma abantu”.

Igama elithi “inkawu” lisuka kwelesiFrench Peste (khumbula labo bafuduki abavela eNormandy), nalo elivela kwelesiLatini elithi Pestis (khumbula labo bafuduki abavela e-Italy), okusho “isifo esithathelwanayo esibulalayo.” Ngakho-ke, isici “esiyingozi” sencazelo sisuka kuyo kanye impande yegama. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi isetshenziswa ngesikhathi sombuso wamaRoma, abantu babengazi ukuthi izifo ezithathelwanayo zisebenza kanjani, ingasaphathwa eyokuthi kwakukhona "izidalwa" ezifana ne-protozoa, amagciwane noma amagciwane axhumene nazo, ngakho-ke yasetshenziswa kakhulu ukuchaza " inkathazo” kunabantu abayibangelayo. Nokho, ngandlela-thile njengoba inguquko yolimi ivame ukwenzeka, incazelo yashintsha yaba incazelo yawo wonke amaqembu ezilwane, futhi izinambuzane zaba ngezokuqala ezahlaselwa. Kwakungakhathalekile ukuthi akuzona zonke izinambuzane ezazidala lesi sicefe, ilebula lalinamathele kwabaningi.

Khona-ke sinegama elithi " vermin ". Lokhu kuvame ukuchazwa ngokuthi “izilwane zasendle okukholakala ukuthi ziyingozi ezitshalweni, ezilwaneni zasemapulazini, noma ezilwaneni ezifuywayo [sic], noma ezithwala izifo”, ​​futhi ngezinye izikhathi “njengezibungu eziyingozi noma izinambuzane.” Ngabe amagama ezinambuzane nezilokazana ayafana-ke? Kakhulu, kodwa ngicabanga ukuthi elithi “inlwane” lisetshenziswa kaningi ukubhekisela ezilwaneni ezincelisayo njengamagundane, kuyilapho igama elithi “inkawu” ezinambuzaneni noma ama-arachnids, kanti igama elithi “izinambuzane” lisondelene kakhulu nokungcola noma izifo, kuyilapho izinambuzane ziningi. ngokuvamile isetshenziswa kunoma iyiphi inkathazo. Ngamanye amazwi, singasho ukuthi izilokazane zithathwa njengohlobo olubi kakhulu lwezinambuzane, njengoba zihlotshaniswa kakhulu nokusabalalisa izifo kunokucekela phansi impahla yezomnotho.

Isici esisodwa esivamile salezo zinhlobo ezibizwa ngokuthi izinambuzane, nokho, ukuthi zingazalana ngobuningi futhi kunzima ukuziqeda, kangangokuthi ngokuvamile “ochwepheshe” kudingeka baziqede (okubizwa ngokuthi abaqothuli noma abalawula izinambuzane. ). Ngicabanga ukuthi lokhu kusikisela ukuthi, nakuba abantu abaningi bengase bathole izilwane eziningi ezingezona abantu ziyinkathazo kubo, umphakathi uzoziphawula kuphela ngelebula elishiwo uma izinombolo zazo ziphezulu futhi ukuzigwema kungase kube nzima. Ngakho-ke, ukuba yingozi nje noma ukukwazi ukubangela ubuhlungu kubantu akufanele kube ngokwanele ukuthi kubhalwe njengezinambuzane uma izinombolo ziphansi, ukungqubuzana nabantu kwenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile, futhi kungagwenywa kalula - nakuba abantu abamesabayo bevame ukuzifaka ngaphansi. igama elithi "izinambuzane".

Izinambuzane kanye Aliens

Amagama anjengokuthi “izinambuzane” noma “izilokazane” manje asesetshenziswa kabanzi njengamalebula achazayo “ezilwane ezingafunwa”, hhayi kuphela “izidalwa ezingafunwa”, ngokunganaki iqiniso lokuthi ukucasuka (noma ingozi yezifo) okungabangelwa abanye abantu akufanele. kusho ukuthi abanye abantu bohlobo olufanayo nabo bazoyibangela - sikhuluma ngohlobo olufanayo lwezinkulumo ezijwayelekile ezingasizi abacwasi abangazisebenzisa lapho besebenzisa isipiliyoni sokuba yisisulu sobugebengu ukuze bathethelele isimo sengqondo sokucwasa kunoma ubani ongowohlanga olufanayo. labo abenza ubugebengu obunjalo. Igama elithi i-pest seliyigama elibi ezilwaneni eziningi ezingebona abantu ezingakufanele, yingakho nje ama-vegans njengami engalokothi alisebenzise.

Ingabe yitemu lokuthuka , nokho? Ngicabanga kanjalo. Amagama okuhlambalaza angase angabhekwa njengendelelo kulabo abawasebenzisayo, kodwa ayacasula lawo abhalwe ngawo, futhi nginesiqiniseko sokuthi uma izilwane ezingezona ezabantu abantu abazithi ziyizilokazane beziqonda ukuthi yile ndlela eziye zachazwa ngayo, bebengaphikisana nazo. njengoba benza izisulu ezingabantu zalolu hlobo lolimi. Labo abazisebenzisayo bangase bazi ukuthi bayacasula yingakho bezisebenzisa - njengendlela yobudlova ngamazwi - kodwa labo abangazisebenzisi bangase bacabange ukuthi akukho okubi ngokuchaza abanye ngamagama alulazayo abonisa ukuthi baphansi futhi kufanele bazondwe. . Ama-Slurs ayisichazamazwi senzondo, futhi labo abasebenzisa igama elithi "inkanti" bavame ukuzonda noma ukwesaba labo abanamathisela le lebula kubo - ngendlela efanayo kusetshenziswa amagama angama-slurs emaqenjini abantu abekelwe inyumbazana. Kungase kube nezimo lapho igama elithi “izinambuzane” lisetshenziswa njengenhlamba ngokumelene nalawo maqembu acwaswayo, lapho abacwasa ngokwebala kanye nokucwaswa kwabokufika bebiza abokufika ngokuthi “izinambuzane eziwuhlupho emiphakathini yabo”, ngokwesibonelo.

Igama elithi “inkathazo” ngezinye izikhathi linwetshwa ngokungafanele ukuze lihlanganise nezilwane okungenzeka zingabangeli uhlupho oluqondile kubantu kodwa uhlobo lwezilwane ezithandwa abantu, noma ngisho nendawo abantu abathanda ukuyijabulela. Izinhlobo ezihlaselayo (ngokuvamile ezibizwa ngokuthi “alien” ) zivame ukuphathwa ngale ndlela abantu abathi bangabalondolozi bemvelo futhi bacasulwa ukuthi lezi zinhlobo zezilwane zingase zisuse ezinye ezizithandayo ngenxa yokuthi zithi zinamalungelo engeziwe okuba “zendabuko”. Nakuba ngivimba abantu ekungcoleni nesimiso semvelo semvelo ngokwethula izinhlobo zezilwane okungafanele zibe khona kukhona engikusekela ngokuqinisekile, angikusekeli ukuphawula lezo zinhlobo ezemukele iMvelo (lezo eziye zaba ngokwemvelo) njengezingamukeleki (njengokungathi sine ilungelo lokukhulumela iMvelo). Ngiyaphikisana ngokuphelele nokuphatha lezi zilwane njengezinambuzane nokuzama ukuziqeda. Umqondo we-anthropocentric "wezinhlobo ezihlaselayo" awulungile ngokusobala uma ubona ukuthi abantu benzani ngawo. Bayisebenzisa njengezaba zokubulala ngokuhlelekile izidalwa ezizwelayo kanye nokuqeda abantu bendawo. Egameni lombono wakudala wokongiwa kwemvelo, izilwane ezibhekwa “njengabahlaseli bangaphandle” ziyashushiswa futhi ziqothulwe. Futhi uma izinombolo ziphezulu kakhulu futhi zingakwazi ukulawulwa, ngakho-ke zihlanjalazwa ngokwesiko futhi ngokuvamile ziphathwa kabi ngokuthi “izinambuzane”. Kuze kube nemithetho ephoqa abantu ukuthi bazibike uma betholakele, futhi ayigcini ngokujezisa ababulele (ngezindlela ezigunyaziwe) kodwa ijezisa labo ababasindisayo.

Obani Ababizwa “Njengezilokazane”?

Izilwane eziningi ezingezona abantu zithole ilebula yezinambuzane, kodwa naphezu kwalokho abantu abaningi abacabanga ukuthi akuwona wonke umuntu emhlabeni wonke ovumayo ukuthi ubani okufanele alebulwe ngale ndlela (izilwane ezehlisayo ezingasoze zasebenzisa ilebula kunoma yisiphi isilwane). Ezinye izilwane zingase zibhekwe njengezinambuzane endaweni ethile kodwa hhayi kwenye, ngisho noma ziziphatha ngendlela efanayo. Isibonelo, ama-squirrel ampunga. Lezi zizalelwa eCalifornia, lapho zingabhekwa njengezinambuzane, kodwa e-UK, njengoba zibhekwa njengezinhlobo ezihlaselayo ezixoshe ingwejeje ebomvu yomdabu engxenyeni enkulu yeNgilandi, zibhekwa njengezinambuzane ngabantu abaningi (kuhlanganise nohulumeni) . Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi njengoba ama-squirrels ampunga enziwa ngokwemvelo e-UK futhi angabonakala kalula eLondon, ahlonishwa abavakashi abangakaze bawabone emazweni abo (isibonelo, eJapane), ngakho ngeke bazibheke njengezinambuzane. Ngakho, ilebula elithi “inkathazo” lingase libhajwe, bese lisuswa kuye ngokuthi abantu abahlobene nezilwane, okufakazela ukuthi othile oyinkathazo usemehlweni obukele.

Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane (ngisho nezizukulwane, imindeni, kanye nemiyalelo yonke) yezilwane zibhalwe njengezilokazane ezindaweni eziningi ezihlangana nazo nabantu. Nazi ezivame kakhulu, kanye nezizathu abantu abazisebenzisayo ukuze bazilethe njengezilokazane:

• Amagundane (ngoba angadla ukudla kwabantu okugciniwe).
• Amagundane (ngoba angasakaza izifo futhi angcolise ukudla).
• Amajuba (ngoba angalimaza izakhiwo futhi akhiphe indle ezimotweni).
• Onogwaja (ngoba bangalimaza izitshalo).
• Izimbungulu (ngoba ziyizinambuzane ezidla igazi labantu futhi zingangena ezindlini nasemahhotela).
• Amabhungane (ngoba angalimaza izinkuni ifenisha noma izitshalo).
• Amaphela (ngoba angasakaza izifo futhi ahlale ezindlini).
• Amazeze (ngoba adla igazi lezilwane futhi angangena ezindlini ezinezilwane ezihambisana nazo).
• Izimpukane ze-House (ngoba zingase zicasule futhi zisakaze izifo).
• Izimpukane zezithelo (ngoba zingase zicasule).
• Omiyane (ngoba bangadla igazi labantu futhi badlulise izifo ezinjengomalaleveva).
• Ama-Midge (ngoba angakwazi ukudla ngegazi lomuntu).
• Amabhu (ngoba izibungu zabo zingabhubhisa izindwangu nezitshalo).
• Imihlwa (ngoba ingalimaza ifenisha yokhuni nezakhiwo).
• Amakhizane (ngoba angama-arachnid angama-parasitic adla igazi lezilwane nabantu futhi angadlulisela izifo ezifana nesifo seLyme).
• Iminenke nama-Slugs (ngoba angadla izitshalo futhi angene ezindlini).
• Izintwala (ngoba zingaba izimuncagazi zabantu).
• Ama-aphid (ngoba angalimaza izitshalo nezingadi).
• Izintuthwane (ngoba zingangena ezindlini zifuna ukudla).
• Izibungu (ngoba zingadla izilwane ezifuywayo).

Bese sinezinhlobo eziphathwa kakhulu njengezinambuzane kwezinye izindawo kodwa hhayi iningi, ngakho isimo sazo siyahlukahluka ngokwendawo ngezizathu zamasiko nezomnotho. Ngokwesibonelo, okulandelayo

• Ama-raccoon (ngoba angagasela amathini kadoti, acekele phansi impahla, aphathe izifo).
• I-Possums (ngoba ingaba yinkathazo futhi ibambe izifo).
• Gulls (ngoba zingaba uhlupho futhi zintshontshe ukudla kwabantu).
• Amagwababa (ngoba angakwazi ukweba ukudla kwabantu).
• Amanqe (ngoba angasakaza izifo).
• Izinyamazane (ngoba zingalimaza uhlaza).
• Izimvu zamanzi (ngoba zingaqhudelana nabantu ngokudla).
• Izimpungushe (ngoba zingandulela izilwane ezifuywayo).
• Izinkanyezi (ngoba zingalimaza izitshalo).
• Izimvemvane (ngoba zingalimaza izitshalo).
• Iminyovu (ngoba ingaluma abantu).
• Izindlovu (ngoba zingalimaza izitshalo nezimila).
• Izintethe (ngoba zingalimaza izitshalo).
• Imvukuzane (ngoba ingalimaza izingadi nezindawo zemidlalo).
• I-Jellyfish (ngoba ingase ilimaze abantu futhi ilimaze izinto zokudoba).
• Izimfene (ngoba zingantshontsha ukudla kwabantu).
• Izinkawu ze-Vervet (ngoba zingantshontsha ukudla kubantu).
• Amabheji (ngoba angasakaza izifo ezilwaneni ezifuywayo).
• Amalulwane angama-vampire (ngoba angakwazi ukudla izilwane ezifuywayo).

Okokugcina, sinazo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane abanye abalondolozi bemvelo (ikakhulukazi lezo nqubomgomo yokushayela) abazibheka njengeziyingozi, bethi zithinta kabi indawo yokuhlala abazithole bevela kuyo uma kungeyona indawo abaguqukela kuyo (abanye abantu bebengeke basebenzise igama elithi pest isimo sezinhlobo ezihlaselayo ezingathinti ngokuqondile abantu, noma). Ezinye izibonelo yilezi:

• Izingwejeje ezimpunga
• AmaMelika
• Ama-crayfishes aseMelika
• Izimbaza Zebra
• I-carps evamile
• I-terrapins enamadlebe abomvu
• Izinkalankala zaseYurophu
• Iminenke emikhulu yase-Afrika
• Amaxoxo aseMexico
• I-Coypus
• Omiyane be-tiger base-Asia
• Ama-hornets ase-Asia
• Izinhlanzi zomiyane
• Amapharakethi anentamo eyindandatho
• Izinyosi zasekhaya
• Amakati asekhaya
• Izinja zasekhaya

Njengoba ubona, izilwane ezifuywayo zingabhekwa njengezinambuzane ezindaweni lapho zingalawuleki khona, abantu bazo bayanda, babangela umonakalo othile, futhi babhekwa ngandlela-thile "engafunwa" ngabantu bendawo. Izinja zezinja namakati zivame ukuthethelelwa ngokuthi zibizwa ngokuthi "izinambuzane".

Ngeshwa, kubonakala sengathi azikho izilwane eziphephile ekubhalweni njengezinambuzane noma kuphi lapho abantu bengase bahlanganyele nazo.

Indaba Yendawo

Uma ubheka izizathu abantu abazisebenzisayo ukubiza izinhlobo zezilwane njengezilokazane ohlwini olungenhla, ezinye zazo zingase zizwakale zinengqondo kwabanye… uma beziyiqiniso. Eqinisweni, izizathu eziningi ziyizinganekwane, izinkulumo eziyihaba, noma amanga nje asakazwa ukuze kuzuze abantu abathile (ngokuvamile abalimi noma abathanda imidlalo yegazi) ngokwezomnotho.

Isibonelo, abazingeli nabasekeli babo bavame ukusho ukuthi izimpungushe ziyizinambuzane njengoba zibulala izilwane eziningi ezifuywayo, kodwa ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi lokhu kuyihaba futhi ukulahlekelwa kwezilwane ezimpungushe kuncane kakhulu. Ucwaningo lwamapulazi amabili asezintabeni zase-Scottish luthole ukuthi ngaphansi kwe-1% yokulahlekelwa kwewundlu kungachazwa ngokuzethemba ngenxa yokudliwa kwezimpungushe.

Esinye isibonelo izingwejeje ezimpunga, okuthi nakuba sezixoshe izingwejeje ezibomvu ezindaweni eziningi, azizange zibangele ukushabalala kwezingwejeje ezibomvu njengoba kunezindawo lapho okubomvu kwenza khona kangcono (isibonelo esihle e-UK lapho okubomvu kusegcwele khona I-Scotland njengamahlathi akhona awalungele amagrey). I-Urban Squirrels yinhlangano evikela izilwane ezinze eLondon evikela izingwejejejejejejeqe ezimpunga ngomkhankaso wokulwa nokuqothulwa kwazo kanye nokuvuselela abantu abalimele. Le nhlangano iqoqe izingxabano eziningi ezinhle zokuvikela ama-squirrels ampunga. Isibonelo, izinhlobonhlobo ezingaphansi zaseBrithani zengwejeje ebomvu, i-Sciurus vulgaris leucurus , ayisekho, kodwa lokhu kwenzeka ngaphambi kokuba kwethulwe izingwejeje ezimpunga (ngakho-ke, obomvu bamanje eziqhingini nabo bangabokufika). Bese kuba ne -poxvirus ebulala izingwejeje ezibomvu, kuyilapho izimpunga eziqinile zithwala igciwane ngaphandle kokugula ngokwazo. Kodwa-ke, nakuba okumpunga kungenzeka ukuthi ekuqaleni kwasiza ekusakazeni ubhubhane, okwamanje iningi lamabomvu alitholi i-pox kusuka ku-gray, kodwa kwabanye ababomvu ( asebeqala ukuthuthukisa ukuzivikela komzimba). Ngempela, izingwejeje - ezimpunga nezibomvu - zingabaphakeli abangosomathuba abangase bathathe iqanda lenyoni esidlekeni esingagadiwe, kodwa ucwaningo oluxhaswe nguhulumeni lwango-2010 lwabonisa ukuthi mancane amathuba okuba babe necala ekunciphiseni inani lezinyoni. Futhi ukumangalelwa kokuthi izingwejejejejejejejejela ezimpunga zicekela phansi izihlahla eziningi zingamanga. Kunalokho, zivuselela amahlathi ngokusakaza amantongomane, ngokuvamile adinga ingwejeje ukuze iwagqibe ukuze akhule kahle.

Izimbungulu zazibonakala ziyingozi ngoba zidla ezinye izinambuzane kodwa kwavela ukuthi zidla ama-aphid, okuyizinambuzane ezithathwa njengeziwuhlupho olukhulu. Ngakho-ke, okuxakayo ukuthi ama-ladybugs manje asekhuthazwa ezingadini njengababulali bezinambuzane bemvelo. Kungashiwo okufanayo ngeminyovu, eyizilwane ezidla ezinye izinambuzane ezingase zibe izilimo ezilimazayo.

Ama-Hedgehog ashushiswa eYurophu ngokudla izinambuzane nezithelo “ezizuzisayo,” kodwa kwavela ukuthi ukudla kwawo empeleni kuqukethe ama-slugs, iminenke namabhungane, athathwa njengezinambuzane zasengadini.

Ngokomlando, izimpisi zazibhekwa njengosongo ezilwaneni ezifuywayo futhi zazizingelwa kakhulu zaze zashabalala ezindaweni eziningi, kodwa ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi zidlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni imvelo enempilo ngokulawula izilwane ezizingelayo.

Nakuba izimangalo eziyihaba ezithethelela ukulebula ngokuthi “inkathazo” zivamile, kungenzeka zingabi njalo kuzo zonke izimo (ngokwesibonelo, omiyane baluma abantu futhi babadlulisele kubo umalaleveva). Kodwa-ke, into eyodwa zonke izimo zokulebula izinambuzane ezifanayo ukuthi ziyizimo zokungqubuzana komuntu nesilwane semvelo yendawo. Lapho ubeka abantu nalezi zilwane “endaweni” eyodwa, kuzoba nokungqubuzana, futhi enye yezinto zokuqala abantu abangayenza kuleso simo ukubiza lezi zilwane njengezilokazane, futhi ngokwenza lokho bazikhiphe emthethweni ojwayelekile wokuvikela izilwane. , evame ukungazifaki izinambuzane. Lokhu kuvula umnyango wokusetshenziswa kwazo zonke izinhlobo zezikhali (izikhali, izikhali zamakhemikhali, izikhali zebhayoloji, ozishoyo) ezingabhekwa njengezingekho emthethweni kunoma iyiphi enye ingxabano yabantu kodwa ezamukelwayo ezingxabanweni zabantu nezilokazane.

Nokho, engxabanweni ngayinye, kunezinhlangothi ezimbili. Uma sibiza izilwane ezisicasulayo njengezinambuzane, lezi zilwane zingasisebenzisela liphi ilebula? Hhayi-ke, kungenzeka okufanayo. Ngakho-ke, "inkathazo" isho ngempela "isitha" ekungqubuzaneni komuntu nesilwane lapho umthetho usuqede yonke imingcele yemithetho yokuzibandakanya evumela uhlangothi lomuntu ukuba lube olungenasimilo njengoba befuna ukunqoba ukungqubuzana ngaphandle kokwesaba imiphumela. Abantu abaningi bebengahambisana nalokho uma benomuzwa wokuthi basempini, kodwa obani abahlasele kule mpi? Ezimweni eziningi, abantu yibona ababehlasela indawo yezilwane okwakuthiwe ziyizilokazane kwasekuqaleni noma yibo ababethatha izilwane endaweni ethile bazishiye kwenye, bazenze izilwane ezihlaselayo. Kufanele sisolwe ngezingxabano eziningi ezithethelela ukulebula “kwezinambuzane,” okungesinye isizathu sokugwema ukusebenzisa leli gama. Ukulisekela kusenza sibe nesandla ezenzweni zonya ezenziwe egameni laso, ezedlula kude noma yibuphi ububi abantu ababenze komunye nomunye. Ayikho into enjengezilokazane njengoba ayikho into ebizwa ngokuthi *i-slur term* (shintshanisa lokhu nganoma yiliphi igama le-slur olaziyo). Amagama alulazayo afana nalawa asetshenziselwa ukuthethelela okungamukeleki, futhi awahlanganise lutho nemvelo yalabo abhalwe ngabo. Zingama -blanche okudlula isibopho, ukuziphendulela, nokuzithiba, kanye nokuvumela ukudedelwa kodlame olungenamingcele olungenamingcele olubhekiswe kwezinye izidalwa ezinemizwa.

Indlela Ama-Vegans Abhekana Ngayo Nalawo Abhalwe ngokuthi “Izinambuzane”

Ama-Vegan nawo angabantu, futhi ngenxa yalokho acasulwa abanye futhi axabane nezinye izidalwa ezimweni ezingachazwa ngokuthi "ukubhekana nenkathazo". Ama-vegans afana nami abhekana kanjani nalezi zinkinga uma ehilela izilwane ezingezona abantu? Okokuqala nje, asisebenzisi igama elithi “inkathazo” ukuchaza labo abakolunye uhlangothi lwengxabano, sibona ukuthi banelungelo lokuphathwa ngendlela efanele, futhi babe nesimangalo esivumelekile.

Ezimweni eziningi, thina, ama-vegans, sizobekezelela ukucasuka noma sisuke ukuze sinciphise ukungqubuzana, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi lokhu akunakwenzeka ngoba, noma asikwazi ukuya kwenye indawo (njengalapho kwenzeka ingxabano emakhaya ethu), noma sithola inkathazo ingabekezeleleki (singaqaphela ukuthi lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ubuthakathaka bethu bengqondo noma izinsalela ze-carnism , kodwa ukuqaphela okunjalo akwanele ngaso sonke isikhathi ukusivumela ukuba sibekezelele inkathazo). Senzenjani kulezo zimo? Yebo, ama-vegans ahlukene angabhekana nawo ngezindlela ezahlukene, ngokuvamile ngobunzima, ukunganeliseki, kanye nomuzwa wecala. Ngingakhuluma kuphela ngendlela engibhekana ngayo nabo.

Ngo-2011, ngabhala ibhulogi enesihloko esithi “ Conflition Abolitionism ” echaza ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi ngabhekana kanjani nokuhlasela kwamaphela enganginakho efulethini langaphambili lapho ngangihlala khona, futhi okwathatha iminyaka. Nakhu engikubhalile:

“Ebusika ngo-2004 ngathuthela efulethini elidala eliphansi eningizimu yeLondon. Lapho ihlobo lifika, ngabona ukubonakala kwamaphela ambalwa amancane ansundu ekhishini ('encane' evamile i-Blatella germanica ), ngakho nganquma ukuqapha isimo ukuze ngibone ukuthi lokho kungaba inkinga yini. Bancane kakhulu futhi bahluke kakhulu, ngakho abazange bangikhathaze kangako - angicasuli emehlweni abo njengoba abantu abaningi benjalo - futhi babevame ukubonakala ebusuku kuphela, ngakho angizange ngicabange kakhulu ngakho. Njengoba nganginenqwaba yezicabucabu ezihlala endlini, ngacabanga ukuthi mhlawumbe zazizozinakekela ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa muntu. Kodwa-ke, lapho izinombolo ziqala ukukhula kancane ezinsukwini ezifudumele - hhayi ngokwedlulele ekunikezeni ukungamukeli izihambi, noma kunjalo - ngabona ukuthi kufanele ngenze okuthile.

Ukuba ngumuntu onamalungelo ezilwane ezidla inyama inketho 'yokuziqeda' ngoshevu othile wawungekho emakhadini. Ngangazi kahle ukuthi bebengaqondile ukulimaza, futhi inqobo nje uma ngibavimbezela ukudla futhi nendlu ihlanzekile ngokuqhathaniswa ukudluliselwa kwanoma yisiphi isifo kwakungeke kwenzeke. Babengaqhudelani nami ngokudla kwami ​​(uma kukhona, babegaya kabusha noma yikuphi ukudla kwami ​​okulahliwe), babezama njalo ukuqhela kimi ngesizotha (njengoba besanda kuguquka nabantu abangamukeleki, lokho kuziphatha kwakudala kokugwema inyamazane kwase kuphawuleka ngokuphawulekayo. ziqinisiwe), zazingeke zingilume noma yini enjalo (hhayi ukuthi zazikwazi, ngemihlathi yazo emincane), futhi mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuncika kwazo emanzini zibonakala zivalele ekhishini lodwa (ngakho-ke, akukho ngozi yezimanga ezimbi endaweni. igumbi lokulala).

Ngakho-ke, besimane sikhuluma ngezinhlobo ezimbili zezilwane endaweni eyodwa, futhi eyodwa yazo - mina - ngingayifuni ngempela enye lapho - ngezizathu 'zokududuza' ezifihlwe njengokuthi 'ihlanzekile' ngempela. Ngamanye amazwi, i-classic case of interspecific 'territorial conflict'. Iyiphi eyayinelungelo elengeziwe lokuba lapho? Kimina, lowo bekuwumbuzo ofanele. Ngifika nje eflethini lami sebevele behlala kulo, ngakho-ke ngokubona kwami, yimina ongenele. Kodwa kwakuyimi engangikhokha irenti ngakho ngangikholelwa ukuthi ngezinga elithile nganginelungelo lokuzikhethela engihlala nabo efulethini. Ngacabanga ukuthi abaqashi bangaphambili babezamile ukubaxosha, ngakho base bejwayele ukuxoxisana nabantu. Kufanele ngihambe ibanga elingakanani ekwahluleleni ukufaneleka kwabo? Kusukela ngesikhathi kwakhiwa ifulethi? Kusukela kwakhiwa indlu yomuntu kuleyo ndawo? Kusukela ngesikhathi abantu bokuqala benza amakoloni ogwini loMfula iThames? Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngahamba ibanga elingakanani, kwakubonakala sengathi bafika kuqala. Njenge-'Species' ye-taxonomical aziyona i-autochthonous ye-British Islands, hhayi ngisho ne-Europe, ngakho-ke mhlawumbe lokho kungaba ingxabano enhle. Bavela e-Afrika, niyabo? Kodwa futhi, amaHomo sapiens nawo aqhamuka e-Afrika, ngakho-ke kulokhu, sobabili singabafuduki, ngakho lokhu bekungeke kungisize 'isimangalo' sami. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, njenge-'Order' ye-taxonomic, eyabo (i-Blattodea) ishaya ngokusobala eyethu (Primates): kakade base bezulazula kule planethi eCretaceous lapho ama-dinosaurs asekhona futhi lonke Ikilasi lethu Lezilwane Ezincelisayo limelelwe abambalwa nje. ama-shrew-like furries. Impela babekhona kuqala, futhi ngangikwazi.

Ngakho-ke, nganquma ukusayina isivumelwano sokuthula nabo, ngokusekelwe 'kwemithetho' elandelayo: 1) Ngizovala zonke izimbobo nemifantu ekhishini ukuze nginciphise izindawo ababezokwazi ukuzifihla (futhi zizalele!), babeyoba nendawo elinganiselwe yokwandisa. 2) Angisoze ngakushiya ngaphandle ukudla noma udoti wemvelo futhi ngangigcina yonke into edliwayo esiqandisini noma ezitsheni ezivaliwe, ngakho uma befuna ukuhlala, kwakuzodingeka balwe nokudla okuncane kakhulu. 3) Uma ngibona eyodwa emini, ngangiyijaha ize ingabonakali. 4) Uma ngiyibona ikude nekhishi, ngangiyijaha ize ibuyele kulo noma iphume efulethini. 5) Bengingeke ngibabulale ngamabomu noma ngibenze ushevu nganoma iyiphi indlela. 6) Uma ngibabona 'ekugcineni' kwabo (ekhishini) ngamahora 'omthetho' (phakathi kwehora leshumi nanye emini nasekuseni), ngizobashiya 'benokuthula'.

Ekuqaleni, kwakubonakala kusebenza, futhi babonakala befunda ngokushesha ngemithetho yami (ngokusobala kwakukhona uhlobo oluthile lokukhethwa kwemvelo-mbumbulu okwenzekayo, njengoba lezo ezazinamathela emithethweni, ngenxa yokungaphazanyiswa, zazibonakala zikhiqiza ngempumelelo kakhulu kunalezo eziyephulayo. nabo). Ebusika zahamba (ngenxa yamakhaza njengoba ngangingakaze ngibaselwe ukushisa), kodwa ehlobo elilandelayo zaphinde zavela, futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi inani labantu lalibonakala likhula kancane uma liqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule kwaze kwaba nokubusa okuningi kakhulu. - ukuphuka ngokuthanda kwami. Ngazama ukuthola ukuthi ngempela baluchithe kuphi usuku njengoba ngase ngivale yonke imifantu nezimbobo engangizicabanga. Ngasola ukuthi isiqandisi sinento yokwenza naso, ngakho ngisisuse odongeni, futhi ngabona, ngenani eliphakeme ngokumangalisayo elangenza ngisishiye okwesikhashana 'isivumelwano' ngangena esimweni 'sokuphuthumayo'. Ngokusobala babehlezi ezindaweni ezifudumele ezingaphakathi kwezinto zikagesi zasekhishini lami, engingakwazi ukuzivimba. Kwadingeka ngithole isixazululo esiqinile nesisheshayo. Nginqume ukwenza i-Hoover inkatho.

Kwakungeyona inhloso yami ukubabulala, ngangifuna ukubaxosha ngobuningi, kwazise umqondo wawuwukuba ngikhiphe isikhwama sephepha sakwaHoover ngokushesha ngemva kokumunca ngibayeke bakhase baye ensimini. Kodwa-ke, lapho ngiyithatha kuHoover ukuze ngiyifake esikhwameni sepulasitiki engangizoyehlisa phansi ngiye emgqonyeni kadoti (enesikhala esikahle ukuze bahambe ebusuku), ngaba nokulunguza ngaphakathi, futhi ngabona lokho. labo ababesaphila babenothuli kakhulu futhi benesiyezi, futhi abanye abaningi babefile phakathi nenqubo. Angizange ngizizwe kahle ngakho. Ngazizwa ngiyisibhicongo. Leso sixazululo 'sesimo esiphuthumayo' ngokusobala sasinganelisi, ngakho kwadingeka ngiphenye ezinye izindlela. Ngizamile izisetshenziswa zikagesi eziningana ezikhipha imisindo ephezulu okufanele ziyixoshe; Ngizamile ukuhlakaza amaqabunga e-Bay okufanele azonde. Anginaso isiqiniseko sokuthi lezi zindlela zaba namuphi umphumela, kodwa minyaka yonke kwakuhlale kunesikhathi lapho ngokuzumayo inani labantu lalibonakala likhula kakhulu, 'ukuphulwa komthetho' kwabonakala kusakazeka kakhulu, futhi ngagcina ngiphendukela ku-Hoover futhi umzuzu wobuthakathaka. Ngazithola sengihileleke emkhubeni owadalwa umbango wezindawo engangifuna ukuwuqeda.

Kwakufanele kube nendlela engcono, futhi uma yayingekho kakade enqunyiwe, kwakudingeka ngizisungulele mina ngokwami. Bengifuna indlela engokoqobo 'yokubabambela' ukuze 'babuyiselwe ezweni labo' eyayingahlanganisi ukuhlupheka noma ukufa kwabo, kodwa babeshesha kakhulu ukuba ngikwenze “ngesandla” nje. Okokuqala ngazama indlela yokufutha amanzi anensipho. Lapho ngibona omunye ephula imithetho, ngangiyifutha ngamanzi anoketshezi lokugeza. Insipho yayivala amanye ama-spiracles azo ukuze athole umoya-mpilo omncane, owawuzowabambezela ngokwanele ukuze ngiwathathe ngesandla, ngivule iwindi, ngiphephethe insipho kuma-spiracles azo, bese ngiwayeka. Kodwa-ke, ikakhulukazi ngezincane kakhulu, lokho kwakubonakala kungasebenzi (ngangingakwazi ukuzithatha ngaphandle kokuzilimaza), futhi kwezinye izimo, ngangiphuze kakhulu ngakho zabulawa ukufutheka ngaphambi kokuba ngithole isikhathi sokususa. insipho, okwangenza ngaphatheka kabi kakhulu.

Omunye umbono enganginawo wawuphumelela kakhulu. Lapho ngizwa ukuthi inani labantu selikhule ngokwanele ngakho kunesidingo sokungenelela, kusihlwa ngangibeka iSellotape ezindaweni abajwayele ukuya kuzo. Ngakusasa ekuseni ngangithola amanye enamathiselwe kuwo, bese kuthi ngokucophelela, ngisebenzisa i-toothpick, 'ngiwaqaqe,' ngiwafake esikhwameni, ngivule iwindi, ngiwadedele. Nokho, lesi simiso sasingesihle ngokwanele, njengoba naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi abazange bafe phakathi nenqubo, ngezinye izikhathi ngangiphuka umlenze owodwa lapho ngizama ukubakhulula. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kwakunendaba “yengqondo” yokubambeka ubusuku bonke ekhasethini, eyangihlukumeza.

Ekugcineni, ngathola isixazululo esingcono kakhulu, futhi kuze kube manje, kubonakala sengathi sisebenza kahle kakhulu. Ngisebenzisa enye yalawo mabhodwe epulasitiki ayogathi amakhulu amhlophe, ahlanzeke ngokuphelele futhi omile, futhi akhishwe wonke amalebula. Uma ngibona ukwanda okungamukelekile kwesibalo sabantu, isikhathi sokubamba amabhodwe siyaqala. Ngaso sonke isikhathi uma ngibona eyodwa noma nini ngizama ukuyibamba ngebhodwe ukuze ngiyidlulise - ngiphatha isikhathi esiningi, kufanele ngisho. Engikwenzayo ukuliqhweba ngesandla ngokukhulu ukushesha (ngiyalithola kahle) ngiqonde ngasebhodweni, liwele kulo; khona-ke, ngesizathu esingaqondakali, esikhundleni sokuzama ukukhuphuka izinhlangothi zebhodwe futhi bazame ukuphunyuka, bavame ukugijima beyiziyingi ezansi kwayo (okungenzeka ukuthi kubangelwa ukuguquguquka kwemvelo yebhodwe kuhlanganiswe nemvelo ye-photophobic izimpendulo zabo zendiza). Lokhu kunginika isikhathi esanele sokuya efasiteleni eliseduze ngisabambe ibhodwe elivuliwe futhi 'ngibakhulule'. Uma ngiya efasiteleni umuntu ezama ukukhuphuka ebhodweni, ukuthepha okukhulu ngomunwe wami onqenqemeni olungaphezulu lwebhodwe kuyenza liwe phansi futhi. Ngandlela-thile iyasebenza, futhi wonke umsebenzi awuthathi isikhathi esingaphezu kwemizuzwana emihlanu. Akekho kubo olimalayo kule nqubo njengokungathi ngisebenzisa uhlobo oluthile lwe-Insect Trek transporter yesikhathi esizayo ebakhanyisela ngokumangalisayo emigwaqweni yaseLondon ngokuphazima kweso.

Le ndlela, ehlanganiswe nokuphana okuqhubekayo - kodwa hhayi ukucabangela - usizo oluvela kuthimba lezicabucabu zasendlini ezingatholakala ngokuthembekile zidlana emakhoneni lapho ama-roache athanda ukuhlala khona, kugcina inani labantu liphansi futhi linciphisa kakhulu 'ukuphulwa komthetho' kusukela labo ngokofuzo abathambekele kakhudlwana ukuba bazulazule kude nekhishi noma bephapheme phakathi nosuku bazosuswa kubantu ngokushesha bangabi negalelo esizukulwaneni sabo esilandelayo sofuzo.

Manje, ngemva kwezizukulwane ezingaphezu kuka-30, akusekho ukuphulwa kwemithetho okubalulekile nokukhula kwesibalo sabantu osekwenzekile. Ukungqubuzana kubonakala sengathi sekuxazululiwe, futhi manje efulethini lami abantu nama-roaches abasekho kungxabano yokufa. Nakuba kunomsebenzi omkhulu wokugcina ukuthula ohilelekile engxenyeni yami, ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho ngikwazi ukukhulula oyedwa wabo ezweni langaphandle - ngaphandle kokulimala okwenziwe kanye nokucindezeleka okuncane okungenzeka - kungenza ngizizwe ngijabule ngami, ngikhanyisela usuku lwami. Uma ngibabona begijima engadini bezama ukuthola umfantu omusha omnyama ukwenza umqondo othile walo mhlaba omusha wamathuba angapheli, ngibabizela ukuthi balale ngokubingelela 'Ngikushiya ngokuthula'; bona, bebonke, babonakala bengikhokhela ngendlela efanayo. Manje, empeleni ngiyajabula ukuba nabo njengamalungu efulethini.”

Cishe ngemva konyaka ngibhale le bhulogi ama-roaches anquma ngokwawo ukuthi ayohlala kwenye indawo, ngakho awazange aphinde abuyele kulelo fulethi (njengoba lakhiwe kabusha ngemva kokuthuthela kwelami lamanje). Ngakho-ke, ukungqubuzana kwaxazululwa ngokuphelele, futhi nakuba ngenza amaphutha amaningi endleleni (ngilwela ukuba yi-vegan engcono minyaka yonke, futhi lokhu kwakuphakathi neminyaka yami yokuqala yokuba i-vegan), angizange ngithathe isimo sengqondo sokudla inyama. ukukhetha inketho elula futhi elula kakhulu ukudelela ngokuphelele amalungelo ezilwane okuba lapho.

Okuhlangenwe nakho kwami ​​okuqondile ngezidalwa ezibhalwe njengezilokazane kuye kwaqinisekisa ukuqiniseka kwami ​​ukuthi ayikho into enjengezilokazane, yizisulu zezingxabano zezindawo ezizama nje ukuphila futhi zibe yiqiniso emvelweni yazo. Abakufanele ukuthukwa nokuchazwa ngamagama alulazayo nalulazayo.

Ngithola ukusetshenziswa kwegama elithi “inkathazo” ukuchaza noma isiphi isilwane esingeyena umuntu kungalungile kakhulu. Isizathu ngasinye sokumaka le lebula eboniswe ezinhlwini ezingenhla singabalulwa kubantu bebonke (hhayi noma yiliphi iqembu elincane elithile). Ngokuqinisekile abantu bayacasula futhi bawuhlupho ezikhathini eziningi; ziyingozi kakhulu ezilwaneni ezifuywayo futhi zingaba yingozi nakubantu, zingasakaza izifo futhi zonakalisa izitshalo, uhlaza, imifula, nolwandle; ngokuqinisekile ziyizilwane ezihlaselayo yonke indawo ngaphandle kwase-Afrika; bancintisana ngezinsiza zabanye abantu futhi beba ukudla; futhi zingaba yizilokazane kwabanye. Ngokweplanethi, abantu bangabhekwa ngaphezu kwezinhlobo zezinambuzane, kodwa isifo - futhi uma sizama ukuhlanganisa amanye amaplanethi ubani ongasola noma yimuphi umbulali we-galactic ongase avele azame "ukusilawula"?

Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, angisoze ngasebenzisa igama elithi pest ukuze ngibhekisele kubantu, njengoba ngilithatha njengenkulumo enenzondo. Ngilandela umqondo we- ahimsa (ungalimazi), njengoba kuyisimiso esiyinhloko se-veganism , ngakho-ke ngizama ukugwema ukulimaza noma ubani, ngisho nangenkulumo yami. Azikho izilokazane, kuphela abantu abazonda abanye abaphikisana nabo.

Angisona isilokazane futhi akekho omunye.