Ukungezwani kwengqondo, ukungaphatheki kahle kwengqondo okutholwa lapho ubambe izinkolelo ezingqubuzanayo noma ukuziphatha, kuyinto ebhalwe kahle, ikakhulukazi kumongo wezinketho zokudla. Lesi sihloko singena ocwaningweni oluhlola ukungezwani kwengqondo okutholwa abathengi bezinhlanzi, ubisi, namaqanda, ehlola amasu engqondo abawasebenzisayo ukuze banciphise ukungqubuzana kokuziphatha okuhlobene nemikhuba yabo yokudla. Iqhutshwa u-Ioannidou, Lesk, Stewart-Knox, kanye noFrancis futhi yafingqwa ngu-Aro Roseman, ucwaningo lugqamisa izingqinamba zezimiso zokuziphatha ezibhekene nabantu abanendaba nenhlalakahle yezilwane kodwa abaqhubeka nokusebenzisa imikhiqizo yezilwane.
Ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yezilwane kugcwele ukukhathazeka ngokuziphatha ngenxa ukuhlupheka nokufa okubangelwa izilwane ezizwelayo, okuhambisana nemiphumela ebalulekile yezemvelo nempilo. Kulabo abaqaphela inhlalakahle yezilwane, lokhu ngokuvamile kubangela ukungqubuzana kokuziphatha. Ngenkathi abanye bexazulula lokhu kungqubuzana ngokuthatha indlela yokuphila yezilwane, abanye abaningi bayaqhubeka imikhuba yabo yokudla futhi basebenzisa amasu ahlukahlukene engqondo ukuze banciphise ukungakhululeki kwabo kokuziphatha.
Ucwaningo lwangaphambilini lugxile kakhulu ekuphazamisekeni kwengqondo okuhlobene nokusetshenziswa kwenyama, okuvamise ukunaka eminye imikhiqizo yezilwane njengobisi, amaqanda, nenhlanzi. Lolu cwaningo luhlose ukugcwalisa leso sikhala ngokuphenya ukuthi amaqembu ahlukahlukene okudla—ama-omnivore, abathanda ukuguquguquka, abadla imifino, abadla imifino, kanye nezilwane ezidla inyama—abhekana kanjani nokungqubuzana kokuziphatha kwawo hhayi nenyama kuphela kodwa futhi nobisi, amaqanda, nenhlanzi. Kusetshenziswa uhla lwemibuzo olubanzi olusatshalaliswe ngenkundla yezokuxhumana, ucwaningo luqoqe izimpendulo kubantu abadala abangu-720, luhlinzeka ngamasampula ahlukahlukene okumele ahlaziywe.
Ucwaningo lukhomba amasu amahlanu abalulekile asetshenziswayo ukuze kuncishiswe ukungqubuzana kokuziphatha: ukuphika amandla engqondo ezilwane, ukuthethelelwa kokusetshenziswa komkhiqizo wezilwane, ukuhlukaniswa kwemikhiqizo yezilwane ezilwaneni ngokwazo, ukugwema ulwazi olungase lukhulise ukuziphatha ukungqubuzana, kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwezilwane. izilwane zibe izigaba ezidliwayo kanye ezingadleki. Okutholiwe kuveza amaphethini athakazelisayo endleleni amaqembu ezidlo ahlukene awasebenzisa ngayo la masu, okunikeza ukukhanya kuzinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi zengqondo ezidlalwayo ekukhetheni kokudla okubandakanya imikhiqizo yezilwane.
Isifinyezo Ngu: Aro Roseman | Isifundo Soqobo Ngu: Ioannidou, M., Lesk, V., Stewart-Knox, B., & Francis, KB (2023) | Kushicilelwe: Julayi 3, 2024
Lolu cwaningo luhlola amasu angokwengqondo asetshenziswa abathengi bezinhlanzi, ubisi, namaqanda ukunciphisa ukungqubuzana kokuziphatha okuhambisana nokusetshenziswa kwaleyo mikhiqizo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yezilwane kuphakamisa izindaba ezibalulekile zokuziphatha ngenxa yokuhlupheka nokufa okubangelwa izilwane ezizwelayo ukuthola le mikhiqizo, ingasaphathwa eyezinkinga ezinkulu zemvelo nempilo ezingase ziqhamuke ekukhiqizeni nasekusetshenzisweni kwayo. Kubantu abazikhathalelayo izilwane futhi abafuni ukuthi zihlupheke noma zibulawe kungenasidingo, lokhu kudla kungadala ukungqubuzana kokuziphatha.
Ingxenye encane yabantu abazwa lokhu kungqubuzana - okubhekiselwa kukho ezincwadini njengesimo sokungaqondani kwengqondo - bamane bayeke ukudla imikhiqizo yezilwane futhi babe i-vegan. Lokhu kuxazulula ngokushesha ukungqubuzana kwabo kokuziphatha phakathi kokunakekela izilwane ngakolunye uhlangothi nokuzidla ngakolunye. Kodwa-ke, ingxenye enkulu kakhulu yabantu ayikushintshi ukuziphatha kwabo, futhi esikhundleni salokho isebenzisa amanye amasu ukunciphisa ukungakhululeki kokuziphatha abakuzwayo kulesi simo.
Ezinye izifundo ziye zahlola amasu angokwengqondo asetshenziselwa ukubhekana ne-cognitive dissonance, kodwa zivame ukugxila enyameni futhi azivamile ukucabangela ukusetshenziswa kobisi, amaqanda, nenhlanzi. Kulolu cwaningo, ababhali bazimisele ukufunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi abantu abavela ezigabeni ezahlukene - ama-omnivores, ama-flexitarians, ama-pescatarians, imifino, kanye nama-vegans - basebenzisa amasu okugwema ukungqubuzana kokuziphatha, becabangela inyama, kodwa nobisi, amaqanda nezinhlanzi.
Ababhali benze uhlu lwemibuzo base belusabalalisa ezinkundleni zokuxhumana. Uhlu lwemibuzo lubuze ngamasu okunciphisa ukungqubuzana kokuziphatha, kanye nokuqoqa izici ezithile zezibalo zabantu. Abantu abadala abangu-720 basabela futhi bahlukaniswa ngezidlo ezinhlanu ezibalwe ngenhla. Ama-Flexitarians abengamelwe kakhulu, nabaphendulile abangama-63, kuyilapho ama-vegans abemelwe kakhulu, nabaphendulile abangama-203.
Amasu amahlanu ahloliwe futhi akalwa:
- Ukuphika ukuthi izilwane zinamandla amakhulu engqondo, nokuthi zingakwazi ukuzwa ubuhlungu, imizwa, futhi zihlupheke ngenxa yokuxhashazwa kwazo.
- Ukuthethelela ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yezilwane ngezinkolelo ezifana nenyama kuyadingeka ukuze ube nempilo enhle, ukuthi kungokwemvelo ukuyidla, noma ukuthi besilokhu senza kanjalo ngakho-ke kungokwemvelo ukuqhubeka.
- Ukuhlukanisa imikhiqizo yezilwane esilwaneni, njengokubona inyama yenkomo esikhundleni sesilwane esifile.
- Ukugwema noma yiluphi ulwazi olungase lwandise ukungqubuzana kokuziphatha, njengesayensi mayelana nemizwa yezilwane ezixhashaziwe noma uphenyo ngokuhlupheka ezikubekezelela emapulazini.
- Ukuhlukanisa izilwane phakathi kwezidliwayo nezingadleki, ukuze ezokuqala zithathwe njengezibalulekile kunezakamuva. Ngale ndlela, abantu bangakwazi ukuthanda izilwane ezithile futhi bavikele nenhlalakahle yabo, kuyilapho beshaya indiva isiphetho sabanye.
Kula masu amahlanu, imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi ekusetshenzisweni kwenyama, wonke amaqembu ngaphandle kwama-vegan ayevame ukusebenzisa ukuphika , kuyilapho ama-omnivores asebenzisa ukulungisiswa kakhulu kunawo wonke amanye amaqembu. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi wonke amaqembu asebenzise ukugwema ngezilinganiso ezilinganayo, futhi wonke amaqembu ngaphandle kwama-vegans asebenzisa i-dichotomization ngezilinganiso eziphezulu.
Ngokusetshenziswa kweqanda nobisi, wonke amaqembu adla amaqanda nobisi asebenzisa ukuphika nokuthethelela . Kulokhu, ababulali bezilwane nabadla imifino nabo basebenzisa i-dissociation ngaphezu kwama-vegans. Ngaleso sikhathi, abadla inyama, abadla imifino kanye nababulala izinambuzane basebenzisa ukugwema .
Ekugcineni, ekusetshenzisweni kwezinhlanzi, ucwaningo lwathola ukuthi ama-omnivores asebenzisa ukuphika , futhi ama-omnivores nama-pescatarians asebenzisa ukulungiswa ukuze enze umqondo wokudla kwawo.
Sekukonke, le miphumela ibonisa - mhlawumbe ngokubikezelwa - ukuthi labo abadla izinhlobo eziningi zemikhiqizo yezilwane basebenzisa amasu amaningi ukuze banciphise ukungqubuzana kokuziphatha okuhlobene kunalabo abangayisebenzisi. Nokho, isu elilodwa lalisetshenziswa kancane kakhulu ama-omnivores kuzo zonke izimo ezihlukene: ukugwema. Ababhali bacabanga ukuthi abantu abaningi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bahlanganyela umthwalo wemfanelo ngokudla kwabo noma cha, abathandi ukuchayeka olwazini olubakhumbuza ukuthi izilwane ziyahlukunyezwa futhi ziyabulawa. Kulabo abadla inyama, kungase kwandise ukungqubuzana kwabo kokuziphatha. Kwabanye, kungase kumane kubenze bazizwe bedabukile noma bathukuthele.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi amaningi ala masu okusebenza ngokwengqondo asekelwe ezinkolelweni ezingenasisekelo eziphikisana nobufakazi bamuva besayensi. Kunjalo, isibonelo, ngesizathu sokuthi abantu badinga ukudla imikhiqizo yezilwane ukuze babe nempilo, noma ukuphikwa kwamakhono okuqonda ezilwane zasemapulazini. Ezinye zisekelwe ekucabangeni kokuqonda okungqubuzana neqiniso, njengasendabeni yokuhlukanisa i-steak esilwaneni esifile, noma ngokukhetha ukuhlukanisa izilwane ezithile njengezidliwayo nezinye njengezingadliwa. Wonke lawa maqhinga, ngaphandle kokugwema, angavinjelwa imfundo, ukutholakala okuvamile kobufakazi, nokucabanga okunengqondo. Ngokuqhubeka nokwenza kanjalo, njengoba abameli abaningi bezilwane sebevele benza, abathengi bemikhiqizo yezilwane bazokuthola kunzima ukuthembela kulawa maqhinga, futhi singase sibone izinguquko ezengeziwe ezindleleni zokudla.
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