Ezolimo Zezilwane Nemvelo: Izindleko Ezifihliwe Zenyama, Ubisi, kanye Nokushintsha Kwesimo Sezulu

Cabanga ngokudla okuhle okubekwe phambi kwakho, amaphunga akhangayo agcwalisa umoya. Njengoba udla, wake wazibuza ngohambo oluthathwe yileyo mikhiqizo yezilwane emnandi ngaphambi kokuba ifike epuletini lakho? Kusukela ezigcawini ezinhle zasepulazini kuya ezihlahleni eziphithizelayo, indaba yokudla kwethu ayilula neze. Namuhla, siqala ukuhlola okuvule amehlo ngomthelela wemikhiqizo yezilwane emvelweni, kusukela epulazini kuya efolokweni.

Ukuqonda Umthelela Wezolimo Zezilwane Kwezemvelo

Ukuhlaziya Ukukhishwa Kwegesi Emkhathini

Ukulima kwezilwane kunegalelo elikhulu ekukhiqizweni kwamagesi okushisa umhlaba , kudlala indima enkulu ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu. Lokhu kukhishwa kwegesi kuza ngesimo se-carbon dioxide (CO2) kanye ne-methane (CH4), zombili ezinomthelela omkhulu wokufudumala. Eqinisweni, ukukhiqizwa kwemfuyo kubiza cishe u-14.5% wokukhishwa kwamagesi okushisa umhlaba emhlabeni, ngokusho kwe-United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization.

Kodwa akukhona nje kuphela ngokukhishwa kwegesi emkhathini. Ukwanda kwezolimo lwemfuyo nakho kube nomthelela ekugawulweni kwamahlathi kanye nokushintsha kokusetshenziswa komhlaba. Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi ukuze kudliwe amadlelo kanye nokukhiqizwa kokudla kwezilwane akugcini nje ngokuholela ekubhujisweni kwezindawo zokuhlala kodwa futhi kukhipha i-carbon dioxide egciniwe emoyeni.

Imikhuba yokulima yezimboni, njengemisebenzi yokudla izilwane egxile kakhulu (ama-CAFO) noma amapulazi efektri, yenza lezi zinkinga zemvelo zibe zimbi kakhulu. Ukufuywa nokukhulisa imfuyo kakhulu kulezi zinhlelo kudinga izinsiza eziningi, okwandisa kakhulu umthelela wayo emvelweni.

Ukuhlola Ukusetshenziswa Kwamanzi Nokungcola

Ukulima kwezilwane kuwumsebenzi odinga ukunakwa. Ukukhiqizwa kokudla kwezilwane, amanzi okuphuza ezilwaneni, kanye nokuphathwa kwemfucuza kunegalelo ekusetshenzisweni kwamanzi amaningi. Ukuze sikubeke endaweni efanele, kulinganiselwa ukuthi ukukhiqiza ikhilogremu elilodwa lenyama yenkomo kudinga cishe amalitha angu-1,800 (cishe amalitha angu-6,814) amanzi, uma kuqhathaniswa namalitha angu-39 kuphela (amalitha angu-147) ngekhilogremu elilodwa lemifino.

Ngaphezu kokusetshenziswa kwamanzi, ezolimo zezilwane ziwumthombo wokungcola kwamanzi. Ukugeleza komquba okuvela emisebenzini yezilwane kungangcolisa imithombo yamanzi ahlanzekile, okuholela ekukhishweni kwezakhamzimba eziningi njenge-nitrogen ne-phosphorus. Lokhu kungcola kubhebhethekisa ukukhula kwezimbali ze-algal eziyingozi, ezingabeka impilo yasemanzini engozini futhi zibeke engcupheni ikhwalithi yamanzi kubantu nasezilwaneni.

Umthelela Wokuphathwa Kwemfucuza Yezilwane

Ukuphathwa kwemfucuza okunganele kuyinkinga enkulu embonini yezolimo zezilwane. Ukuqongelela ngokweqile kwemfucuza yezilwane kungaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu emvelweni. Ukugeleza kwezakhamzimba ezivela emqubeni kungangena emifuleni, okuholela ekugcwaleni kwe-eutrophic kanye nokuncipha komoya-mpilo okulandelayo. Lokhu, nakho, kulimaza imvelo yasemanzini futhi kwenza ikhwalithi yamanzi ibe yimbi kakhulu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhishwa kwe-methane ezintweni eziphilayo ezibolayo emqubeni kunegalelo ekukhishweni kwamagesi okushisa, okwandisa ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Kusobala ukuthi imikhuba yokuphatha imfucuza ephumelelayo neqhubekayo ibalulekile ekunciphiseni le miphumela emvelweni.

Ukuhlola Ezinye Izindlela Eziqhubekayo Nokusungula Izinto Ezintsha

Ngenhlanhla, kuvela izixazululo ezintsha zokulwa nezinselele zokuphathwa kwemfucuza yezilwane. Ubuchwepheshe obufana nemishini yokugaya imfucuza engasebenzisi umoya bungabamba i-biogas ngempumelelo emfucumfucwini yezilwane futhi buyiguqule ibe amandla asebenzisekayo. Izinhlelo zokwenza umquba nazo zinikeza indlela enobungani nemvelo yokuvuselela umquba, zikhiqize umquba wemvelo ocebile ngezakhamzimba ngenkathi zinciphisa izingozi zokungcola.

Ngokwamukela lezi zindlela eziqhubekayo nokukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwazo emkhakheni wezolimo, singanciphisa kakhulu umthelela wemfucuza yezilwane emvelweni, kuyilapho sisebenzisa amandla ahlanzekile kwezinye izinjongo.

Ukusetshenziswa Komhlaba Nokubhujiswa Kwezindawo Zokuhlala

Isidingo somhlaba ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nokukhiqizwa kwemfuyo sibangele ukugawulwa kwamahlathi ngezinga elikhulu. Amahlathi ayagawulwa ukuze kuvulwe indawo yamadlelo kanye nokutshala izitshalo zokudla kwezilwane. Lokhu kugawulwa kwamahlathi okwandayo akugcini nje ngokubhubhisa imvelo ebalulekile futhi kubeke engcupheni ukuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo kodwa futhi kukhipha inani elikhulu le-carbon dioxide egciniwe, okubangela ushintsho lwesimo sezulu.

Ukuqaphela lo mkhuba othusayo, imikhuba yokulima eqhubekayo kanye nezindlela zokuphatha umhlaba ziya ngokuya zithandwa. Ezolimo ezivuselelayo, isibonelo, zigcizelela ukubaluleka kokubuyisela izindawo ezonakele ngemikhuba ekhuthaza impilo yomhlabathi kanye nokususwa kwekhabhoni. Ngokwamukela izindlela ezinjalo, asikwazi nje kuphela ukunciphisa umthelela wemvelo wezolimo zezilwane kodwa futhi sakha uhlelo lokudla oluzinzile kakhulu lwezizukulwane ezizayo.

Ukugqamisa Imikhuba Yokulima Eqhubekayo kanye Nezindlela Zokuphatha Umhlaba

Ukushintshela emikhubeni yokulima eqhubekayo kubalulekile ekunciphiseni umthelela wezolimo zezilwane emvelweni. Ngokwamukela imikhuba efana nokufuya okujikelezayo kanye ne-agroforestry, abalimi bangathuthukisa impilo yenhlabathi futhi banciphise isidingo somanyolo wokwenziwa kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane. Lezi zindlela azigcini nje ngokubuyisela izindawo zokuhlala zemvelo kodwa futhi zithuthukisa ukuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo, zidale ibhalansi evumelanayo phakathi kokulima kanye nemvelo.

Imiphumela Yokushintsha Kwesimo Sezulu Nokuncishiswa Kwezinsizakusebenza

Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kungenye yezinselelo ezicindezela kakhulu esibhekene nazo, futhi ezolimo zezilwane zidlala indima ebalulekile ekubhebhethekiseni le nkinga yomhlaba wonke. Ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo yezilwane, ikakhulukazi inyama nobisi, kunegalelo elikhulu ekukhiqizweni kwamagesi okushisa aphansi. Inani elikhulu lezinsizakusebenza, okuhlanganisa umhlaba, amanzi, kanye namandla, adingekayo ekukhuliseni imfuyo nakho kunegalelo ekunciphiseni izinsizakusebenza kanye nokuwohloka kwemvelo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulima kwezilwane okusabalele kubeka engcupheni ukuphepha kokudla. Njengoba inani labantu emhlabeni liqhubeka nokukhula, ukungasebenzi kahle kokudla okusekelwe ezilwaneni kuyacaca kakhulu. Ukushintshela kwezinye izindlela ezihlala isikhathi eside nezisekelwe ezitshalweni kungasiza ekunciphiseni lezi zingcindezi ngenkathi kukhuthaza ukudla okunempilo kubantu ngabanye kanye nomhlaba.

Ukukhuthaza Ukukhetha Ukudla Okuhlukile Nokudla Okulinganiselayo

Ukukhetha ukudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni kungenye yezindlela ezinomthelela kakhulu abantu abanganciphisa ngazo umthelela wekhabhoni yabo futhi banikele ekusaseni elihlala isikhathi eside. Ngokufaka izithelo, imifino, ubhontshisi, kanye nokusanhlamvu okuphelele ekudleni kwethu, asikwazi nje ukunciphisa imithwalo yezemvelo kodwa futhi sithuthukise impilo yomuntu siqu. Ukusekela imikhuba yokulima enokuziphatha okuhle neyokunakekela imvelo kubaluleke ngokulinganayo ekukhuthazeni ukushintshela ohlelweni lokudla oluhlala isikhathi eside.

Isiphetho

Uhambo oluvela epulazini luye eforijini lunemiphumela ejulile emvelweni. Ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo yezilwane kudinga izinsiza eziningi, kunegalelo ekukhishweni kwamagesi okushisa, konakalisa imvelo, futhi kunciphisa izinsiza ezibalulekile. Kusobala ukuthi ukuguqula uhlelo lwethu lokudla lube oluzinzile futhi olulinganiselayo kuyinto eza kuqala ngokushesha.

Njengabathengi abaqaphelayo, masingawathathi kancane amandla esinawo. Ngokwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi, ukwamukela ezinye izindlela ezisekelwe ezitshalweni, nokusekela imikhuba yokulima enokuziphatha okuhle, singanciphisa ndawonye umthelela wezemvelo wezolimo zezilwane futhi siqinisekise ikusasa eliqhakazile neliluhlaza ezizukulwaneni ezizayo.