Ukulima efektri, owaziwa nangokuthi ezolimo zezezimboni, sekuyindlela evelele yokukhiqiza ukudla emazweni amaningi emhlabeni jikelele. Lolu hlelo lubandakanya ukukhuphula inani elikhulu lezilwane ezikhaleni ezivalekile ukukhiqiza inyama, ubisi namaqanda ukuze kusetshenziswe ngabantu. Ngenkathi ilethe ukusebenza kahle okwengeziwe kanye nezindleko eziphansi zabathengi, imiphumela yezemvelo yalo mkhuba ibalulekile futhi ayinakwa. Ukusuka emoyeni nasekungcoleni kwamanzi ekulahlekelweni kwamahlathi kanye nokulahleka kwezinto eziphilayo, amapulazi efektri anomthelela omkhulu emvelweni. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ukuthi ukulima kwefekthri kunomthelela kanjani ekunciphiseni kwemvelo nokuthi kungani kubalulekile ukubhekana nalolu daba ngenxa yempilo yeplanethi yethu nokusimama kweplanethi yethu. Ngokuhlola izindlela ezahlukahlukene lapho amapulazi e-Fairly alimaze khona imvelo, singaqala ukuqonda ukuphuthuma kokuthola izindlela ezizinzile zokukhiqiza nokusetshenziswa. Kubalulekile ukuthi siqwashile ngemiphumela emibi yokulima ifektri futhi sisebenzele ukusebenzisa izixazululo ezithuthukisa ubudlelwano obunempilo nobukhulu obuningi phakathi kokukhiqizwa kokudla kanye nemvelo.
Ukungcoliswa okukhulu kokungcola kwezilwane
Imiphumela yezemvelo yezolimo zezilwane ibalulekile futhi ayinakwa. Okunye kokukhathazeka okukhulu ukungcoliswa okukhulu okubangelwa imfucuza yezilwane. Ivolumu ye-veer yokungcola ekhiqizwa amapulazi efektri iyamangaza, imvamisa kakhulu umthamo womhlaba oseduze nemigwaqo yamanzi yokumunca noma uyicubungule ngempumelelo. Lokhu kudoti kuqukethe amazinga aphezulu we-nitrogen, phosphorus, nezinye izinto eziyingozi ezingangcolisa inhlabathi, i-leach ibe ngamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, bese ungena emifuleni kanye nemifudlana eduzane. Ukugijimisa ngokweqile kwezakhi kuholela eziqhakaza ama-algal, kunciphise amazinga we-oxygen emizimbeni yamanzi kanye nokulimaza imvelo yasemanzini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhishwa kwe-ammonia namanye amagesi kusuka ekungcoleni kwezilwane kunomthelela ekungcoleni komoya, okuthinta ikhwalithi yomoya kanye nempilo yabantu emiphakathini ezungezile. Isikali nobungako bokungcola kusuka ekungcoleni kwezilwane kudinga isenzo esiphuthumayo ukubhekana nale nkinga yokucindezela imvelo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ngokweqile nokungcola
Amanzi awumthombo oyigugu, nokusetshenziswa ngokweqile nokungcoliswa okuhambisana namapulazi efektri abeka izinselelo ezinkulu endaweni yethu. Uhlobo olunzulu lwezolimo zezilwane ludinga amanani amaningi amanzi ngezinhloso ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi ukunisela kwezilimo zokuphakelayo, ukuhlanzwa kwezilimo, ukuhlanza izindawo, nokunikeza amanzi okuphuza ezilwaneni. Lesi sidingo esikhulu samanzi sibeka ubunzima obukhulu emithonjeni yamanzi endawo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezivele zibhekene namanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okubalekayo kusuka emapulazini asefekthri, aqukethe amakhemikhali, ama-antibiotic, nama-hormone asetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni kwezilwane, angangcolisa imizimba yamanzi aseduze, ikhwalithi yamanzi eyeqile. Ukungcoliswa kwamanzi akunakuthinta kuphela imvelo yasemanzini kuphela kodwa futhi kubeka engcupheni impilo yabantu, ngoba lokhu kungcola kungangena ekuphuzeni kwamanzi okuphuza. Ekhuluma ngodaba lokusetshenziswa kwamanzi ngokweqile kanye nokungcoliswa kwezindlela zokulima efektri kubalulekile ukuvikela izinsizakusebenza zethu zamanzi nokuqinisekisa ikusasa elizinzile.
Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi ukuze kukhiqizwe izitshalo zokudla
Ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi okusabalele kokukhiqizwa kwezitshalo okuphakelayo kungenye ephathelene nesici sokuthi amapulazi efektri enza kanjani ekuwohlokeni kwemvelo. Njengoba isidingo semikhiqizo yezilwane siqhubeka sikhuphuka, ngakho-ke isidingo sezilimo eziphakelayo ezinjenge-soya kanye nommbila, okuvame ukukhula ngezinga elikhulu ukuze ahlangabezane nalezi zidingo. Ukuze usule umhlaba ngalezi zilimo, kusulwa amahlathi amakhulu amahlathi, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kwemvelo ebalulekile kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Lokhu kugawulwa kwamahlathi akuphelanga nje ukuphazamisa izindawo zemvelo kepha futhi kunomthelela ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu, njengoba izihlahla zidlala indima ebalulekile ekutholeni i-carbon dioxide emkhathini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukususwa kwamahlathi kungaholela ekuguguleni kwenhlabathi, kuncishiswe ikhwalithi yamanzi, kanye nokuhanjiswa kwemiphakathi yendabuko ethembela kulezi zindawo zokuziphilisa. Ukuthola ezinye izindlela ezizinzileyo ukondla ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo okungathembeli ekuqothulweni kwamahlathi kubalulekile ekunciphiseni imithelela yemvelo yokulima ifektri.
Ama-greenhouse gesi akhipha isibhakabhaka-phezulu
Umthelela wezemvelo wamapulazi efektri unwebeka ngaphezu kokugawulwa kwamahlathi, ngokuphuma kwamagesi abamba ukushisa efinyelela amazinga aphezulu wesibhakabhaka. Ukukhiqizwa kwemfuyo ebanzi kula mapulazi kukhipha amanani amakhulu we-methane ne-nitrous oxide, amagesi amabili akhuthele abamba ukushisa. I-Methane ikhiqizwa ngesikhathi senqubo yokugaya imfuyo, ikakhulukazi izimbotshana ezinjengezinkomo nezimvu, ngenkathi i-nitrous oxide ikhishwa emfucumeni yezilwane kanye nokusetshenziswa ngokweqile komanyolo osuselwa ku-nitrogen. Lawa magesi ashisa ukushisa emkhathini, efaka isandla ekushiseni kwembulunga yonke nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Ubukhulu bokuphuma kwegesi abamba ukushisa okuvela emapulazini efektri kuyinto ecindezelayo ethinteka ekusetshenzisweni kwemikhuba yokulima esimeme kanye nokuncishiswa kokuthembela kwezolimo zezilwane ukulwa nokucekelwa phansi kwemvelo.
Ikhwalithi yomoya neyimanzi isengozini
Imiphumela yezemvelo eyingozi yamapulazi efektri nayo ifaka umoya ohlehlisiwe nekhwalithi yamanzi ezindaweni eziseduze. Ukusebenza okuhlanganisiwe kokudla kwezilwane kukhipha ivolumu enkulu yokungcola emkhathini, kufaka phakathi i-ammonia, i-hydrogen sulfide, kanye nodaba lokubandakanya. Lokhu kungcola kungaholela kwikhwalithi yomoya elimazayo, kubangele izingqinamba zokuphefumula zabantu kanye nezilwane ezihlala eduze. Ngokwengeziwe, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile komanyolo wamakhemikhali kanye nezinambuzane ezidlangalaleni ezenzweni zokulima efektri ziholela ekungcoleni kwama-runoff. Lokhu kungcolisiwe kuthathwa imizimba yamanzi, okufaka isandla ekungcoleni kwamanzi nasekusongeleni isimo semvelo esibucayi. Ukuwohloka komoya nekhwalithi yamanzi ngenxa yamapulazi efektri aqokomisa isidingo esiphuthumayo semithetho eqinile kanye nezinye izindlela ezizinzile zokunciphisa ukulimala kwemvelo okubangelwa yile misebenzi.
Ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi nokuwohloka okugcwele
Imiphumela ebhubhisayo yokulima efektri yandisa ngaphezu komoya nokungcoliswa kwamanzi, ngokuguguleka kwenhlabathi okugcwele kanye nokuwohloka kwenhlabathi kungolunye ukukhathazeka okukhulu. Imikhuba yokulima ebanzi esetshenziswe emapulazini efektri ivame ukubandakanya imali ye-monocOpping kanye nokusetshenziswa kanzima kwamanyolo wokwenziwa kanye nezinambuzane. Le mikhuba yehlisa inhlabathi yezakhi zayo zemvelo futhi iphazamise ibhalansi ebucayi yama-microorganisms adingekayo esakhiweni senhlabathi esinempilo. Ngenxa yalokhu, ingaphezulu eliphakeme elivundile liyancipha futhi sengcupheni yokuguguleka. Ngaphandle kwezindlela ezifanele zokongiwa kwenhlabathi, njengokujikeleza kwezitshalo nokumboza ukutshala, umhlaba osetshenziselwa ukulima efektri ungasheshe unciphise, okuholela ekunciphiseni umkhiqizo wezolimo kanye nokulahlekelwa yindawo ephezulu yezolimo kanye nokulahlekelwa yi-topsolsol ebalulekile.
I-leach yamakhemikhali eyingozi ibe yimvelo
Ngaphezu kwemiphumela eyingozi yokuguguleka kwenhlabathi kanye nokuwohloka kwenhlabathi, ukulima efektri nakho kunomthelela ekuvutheni kwamakhemikhali ayingozi emvelweni. Ukusetshenziswa okubanzi komanyolo wokwenziwa kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane kule misebenzi kungaholela ekungcoleni kwemithombo yamanzi eseduze, kufaka phakathi imifula, amachibi kanye namanzi aphansi komhlaba. Lawa makhemikhali, okuhloswe ukuthi athuthukise ukukhula kwezitshalo nokulawula izinambuzane, angakwazi ukubona inhlabathi ezungezile futhi ekugcineni athole indlela yawo emigwaqweni yamanzi noma ekungeneni. Lapho nje esenzi emanzini, lezi zinto ezinobuthi zingabeka izingozi ezinkulu endabeni yemvelo yasemanzini kanye nezinto eziphilayo zincike kubo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhululwa kwamakhemikhali ayingozi avela emapulazini asefekthri kungaholela ekulimaleni kwemvelo kwesikhathi eside, kungabingeli impilo yasemanzini kuphela kodwa nempilo yabantu njengoba lezi zingcolisiwe zingangena ecaleni lokudla.
Umphumela Owonakayo Ezinqolobaneni
Amapulazi efektri nawo anomthelela omubiko ekuhlukahlukaneni kwezinto eziphilayo, abeke usongo olukhulu kwimali esele yezemvelo. Ukuvalelwa kwesilinganiso esikhulu kanye nokugcwala izilwane kule misebenzi kuphumela ekukhiqizweni ngokweqile kwemfucuza, okuvame ukuphathwa kabi. Ukubaleka okuvela kulezi zindawo, okuqukethe amazinga aphezulu eNitrogen, phosphorus, nezinye izingcola, angangena ezinhlamvwini zamanzi eziseduzane, eziholela ekufezekiseni. Lo mthwalo wezakhi ngokweqile ubangela ukuqhakaza kwe-algal okuqeda amazinga we-oksijini, kuphazamisa izidalwa zasemanzini futhi kuphazamisa iketanga lokudla kwemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusulwa komhlaba kwamapulazi efektri kunomthelela ekubhujisweni kwendawo yokuhlala, okususa izinhlobo zendabuko kanye nokunciphisa izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Ukulahleka kwezitshalo ezahlukahlukene kanye nezilwane zezilwane kungaba nemiphumela emide kakhulu, kuthinta izinqubo zemvelo, impova, futhi ekugcineni, ukuqina kwemvelo. Kubalulekile ukubhekana nemiphumela elimazayo yokulima efekthri ezinhlotsheni zezinto eziphilayo ngokusebenzisa imikhuba yezolimo eqhubekayo futhi enomthwalo wezolimo.
Ekuphetheni, umthelela wokulima efektri emvelweni awunakunakwa. Ukusuka ekukhuphukeni kwegesi ebamba ukushisa kuya ekungcoleni kwamanzi, le misebenzi inomphumela obalulekile futhi ohlala njalo empilweni yeplanethi yethu. Kubalulekile ukuthi sivume futhi sibhekane nalezi zinkinga ukuze sakhe uhlelo lokudla oluzinzile futhi oluyazi. Ake sisebenzele iplanethi enempilo ngokwethu kanye nezizukulwane ezizayo ngokuthatha isinyathelo ngokumelene nemikhuba elimazayo yokulima efektri.
FAQ
Amapulazi efektri anikela kanjani ekungcoleni kwamanzi futhi yimiphi imiphumela yesikhathi eside yemvelo?
Amapulazi efektri afaka isandla ekungcoleni kwamanzi ngokukhishwa kwemfucuza yezilwane kanye nokusetshenziswa komanyolo wamakhemikhali. Imfucuza, enothile kwezakhi zomzimba kanye namagciwane, ingangcolisa imithombo yamanzi eseduze ngokusebenzisa ama-runoff kanye nokuqhuma, okuholela ekukhuleni ngokweqile kwe-algae nokuncipha komoya-mpilo endabeni ye-aquatic. Lokhu kungaholela ekufeni kwezinhlanzi kanye nezinye izinto eziphilayo zasemanzini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwamanyolo wamakhemikhali kungaholela ekungcoleni kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, okwenza kungaphephile ukusetshenziswa kwabantu. Imithelela yesikhathi eside yemvelo ifaka ukonakala kwekhwalithi yamanzi, ukulahlekelwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, kanye nokuphazamiseka kwebhalansi ye-ecosystem, ekugcineni ayithinte hhayi kuphela impilo yasemanzini kodwa nempilo yabantu kanye nokuzinza okuphelele kwemvelo.
Yikuphi ukukhishwa kwegesi okuyinhloko okuhlotshaniswa nokulima efektri futhi bafaka kanjani isandla ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu?
Ukukhishwa kwegesi okuyinhloko okuhlobene nokulima efektri kukhona i-methane ne-nitrous oxide. IMethane ikhululwa ezinhlelweni zokugaya imfuyo, ikakhulukazi izinkomo, ngesikhathi senqubo yokuvutshelwa kwe-Electic. I-nitrous oxide ikhishwa ekuphathweni komquba kanye nokusetshenziswa komanyolo wokwenziwa. Lawa magesi anikela ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu ngokushisa ngokushisa emkhathini nasekuthuthukiseni umphumela wokumba ukushisa. I-Methane igesi enamandla okuvikela abamba ukushisa, isebenza ngempumelelo kakhulu kune-carbon dioxide ekushiseni kwe-trip, kanye ne-nitrous oxide inamandla amakhulu okufudumeza omhlaba. Ukukhiqizwa okukhulu okuphezulu kanye nokuhluzwa kwemfuyo emapulazini asefekthri kufaka isandla ekuphumeni okukhulu, okwenza kube nomthelela omkhulu ekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu.
Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwemithi elwa namagciwane efemini efektri kufaka isandla ekwakhiweni kwamagciwane alwa namagciwane?
Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwemithi elwa namagciwane efemini efektri kunomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kwamagciwane alwa namagciwane ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi ukucindezela kokukhetha. Lapho ama-antibiotic aphelelwa ngokuqhubekayo ezilwaneni kulezi zilungiselelo, kudala indawo lapho kuphela amagciwane amelana nemithi angaphila futhi ande. Lawa ma-bacterium amelana nawo angasakazekela kubantu ngokusetshenziswa kwenyama engcolisiwe noma ukuxhumana ngqo nabasebenzi basemapulazini. Lokhu kwangaphambi kokulwa namagciwane efemini efektri kusheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kwamagciwane alwa namagciwane, kubeka usongo olukhulu empilweni yomphakathi.
Yimiphi imiphumela emibi yokulima efektri ezintweni eziphilayo kanye nempilo yezemvelo?
Ukulima efektri kunemiphumela emibi emibi ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nempilo yezemvelo. Ukulima izilwane ezinamandla kuholela ekuqothulweni kwamahlathi, njengoba izindawo ezinkulu zomhlaba zisulwa ukukhiqizwa kwemfuyo. Lokhu kubhubhisa izindawo zokuhlala futhi kuphazamise ama-Ecosystems. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulima efektri kukhiqiza amanani amakhulu okukhishwa kwamagesi abamba ukushisa, okufaka isandla ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu futhi kulimaze ukwehlukahlukana kwezinto eziphilayo. Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwemithi elwa namagciwane kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane ezolimo zezilwane nazo kungcolisa imigwaqo yamanzi, ezithinta impilo yasemanzini futhi zibeka engcupheni impilo yabantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umkhuba we-monoculture, lapho kuphela isivuno esisodwa esikhulile, kunciphisa ukwehlukahlukahlukana ngokuqeda izinhlobo zezitshalo nezinhlobo zezilwane. Sekukonke, ukulima efektri kunemiphumela ebalulekile ekulimaleni kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nempilo yezemvelo.
Amapulazi efektri anikela kanjani ekuwohlokeni kwenhlabathi futhi yini imiphumela yokuqina kwezolimo?
Amapulazi efektri afaka isandla ekuwohlokeni kwenhlabathi ngezindlela eziningi. Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile komanyolo wamakhemikhali kanye nama-pesticides kuholela ekungalingani kwezakhi zomzimba kanye nokungcoliswa kwenhlabathi. Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwemishini kanye nomphumela wokuhlushwa kwemfuyo esindayo ekwakheni inhlabathi nokuguguleka. Imiphumela yokuqina kwezolimo inzima. Inhlabathi eyonakalisiwe ilahlekelwa amandla ayo okugcina amanzi nezakhamsebenzi, ukunciphisa umkhiqizo wezitshalo. Ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi kuholela ekulahlekelweni yi-topsoil, okuthatha iminyaka ukuphinda usebenzise. Inhlabathi engcolisiwe ithinta ikhwalithi yezilimo futhi ingangcolisa imithombo yamanzi. Ekugcineni, amapulazi efekthri abukela phansi ukusebenza kwezolimo isikhathi eside kwezenzo zezolimo, ehlukanisa ukuqina kokukhiqizwa kokudla kanye nempilo yemvelo yemvelo.
