Imvelo

Lesi sigaba sihlola izindleko zemvelo zezolimo zezilwane ezizolimo ezivame kakhulu ezifihliwe ngemuva kokupakisha okuhlanjululwe kanye nokusetshenziswa okujwayelekile. Lapha, sembula amasistimu okuwohloka kwezemvelo: Ukugawulwa kwamahlandla okukhulu kwamadlelo wedlelo kanye nokuphakelwa kwezilimo, ukungcola kwemifula kanye nenhlabathi enamandla amagesi anamandla njenge-methane ne-nitrous oxide. Le miphumela engahlukaniswanga noma ngengozi - yakhelwe emcabangweni wohlelo oluphatha izilwane njengemikhiqizo kanye neplanethi njengethuluzi.
Ukusuka ekubhujisweni kwezinto eziphilayo ekushiseni komkhathi, ukulima kwezimboni kuphakathi kwezinkinga zethu eziphuthumayo kakhulu zemvelo. Lesi sigaba sikhipha lezi zinto ezilimele ngokugxile ezindikingisweni ezintathu ezihlangene: ukulimala kwemvelo, okubeka isilinganiselo sokubhujiswa okubangelwa ukusetshenziswa komhlaba, ukungcoliswa komhlaba, kanye nokulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala; Imvelo yasolwandle, eveza umthelela omubi wokudonsela ngokweqile nokonakalisa kolwandle; kanye nokusimama kanye nezixazululo, eziveza indlela ekudleni okususelwa kwizitshalo, imikhuba yokuvuselela kabusha, noshintsho oluhle. Ngalezi le asens, siphonsela inselelo umbono wokuthi ukulimala kwemvelo kunezindleko ezidingekayo zentuthuko.
Indlela eya phambili ayigcini nje kuphela - isivele ivela. Ngokubona ukuxhumeka okujulile phakathi kwezinhlelo zethu zokudla, imvelo, kanye nemithwalo yemfanelo yokuziphatha, singaqala ukwakha ubuhlobo bethu nomuntu wemvelo. Lesi sigaba sikumema ukuthi uhlole zombili lezi zixazululo kanye nezixazululo, ukufakaza nokwenza okuthile. Ngokwenza kanjalo, siqinisekisa umbono wokusimama hhayi njengomhlatshelo, kepha njengokwelashwa; Hhayi njengomkhawulo, kepha njengenkululeko - yomhlaba, izilwane nangezizukulwane ezizayo.

Ukukhetha i-veganism kungaphezu koshintsho lokudla komuntu siqu; Kuyinto ekhathazekile yokuthola umthelela omhlaba jikelele. Ukusuka ekuvikeleni inhlalakahle yezilwane ukuhlanganisa ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nokuthuthukisa impilo engcono, le ndlela yokuphila ibambe amandla okushayela ushintsho lokuguqula ngaphesheya kwezingcweti eziningi. Ngokunciphisa isidingo semikhiqizo yezilwane, abantu banegalelo ezilwaneni ezimbalwa ezilinyazwe, ukukhishwa kwegesi okuphansi okuphansi, nokusetshenziswa okuzinzile kwezinsizakusebenza njengamanzi nomhlaba. Njengoba ukudla okususelwa ekuphumeni kuthola amandla emhlabeni wonke, baphinde basebenzise izimakethe kanye nokukhuthaza isenzo esihlangene esiya ohlwini, ikusasa eliluhlaza - okufakazela ukuthi ukukhetha komuntu oyedwa kungavusa imiphumela ebabazekayo

Ukulima efektri, noma ezolimo ezinamandla zezilwane, kuguqule umkhiqizo wokudla ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo zomhlaba wonke kodwa eza ngezindleko ezibalulekile empilweni yabantu. Ngaphandle kokukhathazeka kwalo kwezemvelo nokuziphatha okuhle, lolu hlelo oluthuthukile lubeka engcupheni enkulu yezifo zokuphefumula kubantu. Izimo ezigcwele, ezingcolile emapulazini efektri zidala izizathu zokuzalela zamagciwane asolwandle kanye nezifo ze-zoolomotic, ngenkathi kungcoliswa izifo ezinjenge-ammonia kanye nokubandakanya ukungcola kwezilwane ezingcolisa ikhwalithi yomoya. Ukusetshenziswa okujwayelekile kwama-antibiotic kukhulisa impikiswano ngokukhulisa ukumelana namagciwane, kuhlanganisa nokwelashwa kwezifo zokuphefumula. Lo mbhalo uhlola ukuxhumana okwesabekayo phakathi kwemikhuba yokulima efektri kanye nokuphefumula ubungozi bezempilo - ukusula umthelela wabo kubasebenzi, abathengi, kanye nempilo yomphakathi lapho bezovikela izixazululo ezizinzile ukuvikela bobabili abantu kanye neplanethi

Ukudoba kuvame ukubonwa njengokwenziwa kwengqondo okunokuthula noma umthombo obalulekile wokudla, kepha umthelela waso eMarine Welfare utshela izindaba ezihlukile. Zombili izindlela zokudoba zokuzijabulisa nezentengiselwano zibheka izinhlanzi kanye nezinye izilwane zasemanzini ekucindezelekeni okukhulu, ukulimala nokuhlupheka. Ukusuka enyameni efihlekile yezindlela zokubamba nokukhishwa ekubhujisweni okukhulu okubangelwa ukugoqa, le misebenzi ayilimazi kuphela izinhlobo zezilwane ezihlosiwe kodwa futhi ingenakubalwa abanye nge-bycatch negiya elahliwe. Lo mbhalo uvimba ukukhathazeka ngokuziphatha okuboshelwe ekudobeni ngenkathi kugqamisa ezinye izindlela ezi-Humane zivikela impilo yasolwandle futhi zikhuthaza ukuhlangana nemvelo

Izilwandlekazi, zigcwele impilo futhi zibalulekile ekulinganiseni kweplanethi yethu, zivinjezelwa ekushisweni ngokweqile nangamandla abhubhisayo - amabutho amabili abhubhisayo ashayela izinhlobo zasolwandle ekuweni. Ukudoba ngokweqile kuchithe izinhlanzi zabantu ngamanani angenakuvikeleke, ngenkathi u-bycatch ngokungabonakali izicupho ezibuthakathaka njengefudu lwasolwandle, amahlengethwa kanye nezinyoni zasolwandle. Le mikhuba ayiphazamisi kuphela i-Marine Ecosystems yaseManzini kodwa futhi isongela imiphakathi yasogwini okuncike ekujuleni kwezimpilo zokuziphilisa. Lo mbhalo uhlola umthelela omkhulu wale misebenzi ezinhlanganweni zezinto eziphilayo kanye nemiphakathi yabantu ngokufanayo, ebiza isinyathelo esiphuthumayo ngokusebenzisa izindlela zokuphatha zomhlaba kanye nokubambisana komhlaba wonke ukuvikela impilo yolwandle lwethu

Inyama eshibhile nemikhiqizo yobisi ingahle ibonakale njengesivumelwano, kepha izindleko zazo zangempela zidlula kude kakhulu kwithegi yentengo. Ngemuva kokuthola imali ekhangelayo kukhona i-cascade yemithelela efihliwe empilweni, imvelo kanye nenhlalonhle yezilwane. Ukusuka ekuqothulweni kwamahlathi kanye nokukhuphuka kwamagesi akhuthazayo kuya ekumelaneni nama-antibiotic kanye nemikhuba yokulima engenangqondo, lezi zimboni zivame ukubekela phambili inzuzo ngokusimama. Le ndatshana ivimba imiphumela engabonakali yenyama eshibhile kanye nobisi, inikeza ukuqonda ukuthi izinketho ezinolwazi zingavula kanjani indlela yeplanethi enempilo, ukuphathwa kahle kwezilwane, futhi kwathuthukiswa kahle konke

Imboni yobisi ipenda isithombe senjabulo yabelusi, kepha iqiniso lezinkomo zobisi ezingenakubalwa kungenye yokuhlupheka okungapheli nokuxhashazwa. Sihlubulwe imvelo yabo yemvelo, lezi zilwane zibhekana nokukhulelwa okuphoqelekile, ukuhlukaniswa namathole abo, kanye nezimo zokuphila ezimbi zenzelwe ukukhulisa ukukhiqizwa kobisi ngezindleko zenhlalakahle. Le commodication ayigcini ngokulimaza ngokomzimba nangokomzwelo ngezinkomo kodwa futhi iphakamisa ukukhathazeka okukhulu kwempilo kwabantu abadla imikhiqizo yobisi - ukuyixhuma nesifo sezinhliziyo - ukuyixhumanisa nesifo senhliziyo, ukungabekezeleli kwe-lactose, nezinye izifo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukutolika kwemvelo akunakuphikwa, ngokugawulwa kwamahlathi kanye nokukhishwa kwegesi abamba ukushisa kukhulisa ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu. Lo mbhalo udalula amaqiniso anzima ngemuva kokulima kobisi ngenkathi uqokomisa ezinye izindlela ezisekelwe ekusekelweni kwezitshalo ezisekela inhlala-kahle yezilwane, impilo yabantu kanye nokusimama kwemvelo

Ukulima efektri, itshe legumbi lenyama yezimboni nemikhiqizo yobisi, kuya ngokuya ligxekwa ngenxa yethonya laso elibi ngazo zombili inhlalakahle yezilwane kanye nempilo yomphakathi. Ngale kwezingqinamba zokuziphatha okuhle ezungeze ukuphathwa kabi kwezilwane, le misebenzi iyizinhlanzi zezifo ze-Zoonotic, ukumelana namagciwane, kanye nokugula okubangelwa ukudla - okufaka izingozi ezinkulu empilweni yabantu. Izimo ezigcwele kakhulu, izindlela zokuhlanzeka ezingezinhle, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwe-antibiotic ngokweqile akulimazi izilwane kodwa futhi kwakha izindlela zamagciwane ayingozi njengeSalmonella no-E. Coli ukungcolisa ukudla kwethu. Lo mbhalo uhlola ukuxhumana phakathi kwesihluku sezilwane emapulazini asefekthri kanye nemiphumela yaso yezempilo yomphakathi ebanzi ngenkathi kugqamisa izixazululo ezingaba khona ukukhuthaza indlela ephephile, enozwela

Uhambo lwezinkukhu ze-broiler kusuka ku-hatchery ipuleti kusihlwa lwembula izwe elifihlekile lokuhlupheka elivame ukunganakwa ngabathengi. Ngemuva kokusebenziseka kalula kwenkukhu engabizi kulele uhlelo ukukhula okusheshayo, izimo ezigcwele kakhulu, kanye nemikhuba evuselela amandla ebeka phambili inzuzo ngenhlala-kahle yezilwane. Le ndatshana ifaka izinselelo zokuziphatha, nemiphumela yezemvelo, nezinselelo ezinhle kakhulu ezifakwe ngaphakathi kwemboni yenkukhu e-broiler, ukunxusa abafundi ukuthi babhekane nezindleko zangempela zokukhiqizwa kwezinkukhu eziningi. Ngokuhlola lezi zinto ezingokoqobo kanye nokuxhasa ushintsho, singathatha izinyathelo ezinengqondo zokudala uhlelo lokudla onozwela nolushubile

Ukumelana ne-antibiotic nokungcola okuvela ekungcoleni kwezolimo zezilwane kuyizinselelo eziphuthumayo zomhlaba ngemiphumela emide efinyelela kude yezempilo yomphakathi, imvelo, nokuphepha kokudla. Ukusetshenziswa okujwayelekile kwemithi elwa namagciwane ekulimazelweni kwemfuyo ukukhulisa ukukhula nokuvimbela izifo kufake isandla ekuphakameni okwethusayo kwamagciwane alwa namagciwane, kunciphisa ukusebenza kwezindlela zokwelashwa ezibalulekile. Ngasikhathi sinye, imfucuza ephethwe kabi evela ku-Frecentrate Animal feed Operations (cafos) yethula ukungcola okuyingozi - kufaka phakathi izinsalela ezilwa namagciwane, ama-hormone kanye nezakhi zomzimba - ezinhlelweni zamanzi. Lokhu kungcoliswa kusongela impilo yasemanzini, iyekethisa ikhwalithi yamanzi, futhi isheshisa ukusakazeka kwamagciwane amelana nezemvelo. Ukubhekana nalezi zinkinga zifuna izindlela zokulima ezizinzile ezibeka phambili izindlela zokuziphatha ezibekelwe izindlela zokusebenzisa ama-antibiotic kanye namasu wokulawulwa kwenkuthalo okuqinile ukuvikela impilo yabantu futhi alondoloze ukulinganisela kwemvelo

Isifiso sokukhuphuka somhlaba wonke semikhiqizo yezilwane siye saqhutshwa ukwamukelwa okusabalele kwezolimo efektri, uhlelo luncike kakhulu ekukhiqizeni okuphakelayo kwezimboni. Ngaphansi kwe-veneer yayo yokusebenza kahle kulele ukukhishwa kwemali okuthe xaxa, ukulahlekelwa yi-biodiversity, kanye nokungcola kwamanzi, kanye nokungcola kwamanzi kungenye nje yemithelela ebhubhisayo eboshelwe ukulima izilimo ze-monoculture njenge-soy kanye nommbila wokudla kwezilwane. Le mikhuba iqeda izinsiza zemvelo, i-erode yezempilo yenhlabathi, iphazamise imvelo, kanye nemithwalo yendawo ngenkathi kuqinisa ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu. Lo mbhalo uhlola izindleko zemvelo zokukhiqizwa okuphakelayo kwezilwane zasemafulemini zasefekthri futhi zigqamisa ukucindezela kudingeka ukwamukela izixazululo ezizinzile ezivikela iplanethi yethu futhi kuthuthukise izindlela zozolimo zokulima