Imvelo

Lesi sigaba sihlola izindleko zemvelo zezolimo zezilwane ezizolimo ezivame kakhulu ezifihliwe ngemuva kokupakisha okuhlanjululwe kanye nokusetshenziswa okujwayelekile. Lapha, sembula amasistimu okuwohloka kwezemvelo: Ukugawulwa kwamahlandla okukhulu kwamadlelo wedlelo kanye nokuphakelwa kwezilimo, ukungcola kwemifula kanye nenhlabathi enamandla amagesi anamandla njenge-methane ne-nitrous oxide. Le miphumela engahlukaniswanga noma ngengozi - yakhelwe emcabangweni wohlelo oluphatha izilwane njengemikhiqizo kanye neplanethi njengethuluzi.
Ukusuka ekubhujisweni kwezinto eziphilayo ekushiseni komkhathi, ukulima kwezimboni kuphakathi kwezinkinga zethu eziphuthumayo kakhulu zemvelo. Lesi sigaba sikhipha lezi zinto ezilimele ngokugxile ezindikingisweni ezintathu ezihlangene: ukulimala kwemvelo, okubeka isilinganiselo sokubhujiswa okubangelwa ukusetshenziswa komhlaba, ukungcoliswa komhlaba, kanye nokulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala; Imvelo yasolwandle, eveza umthelela omubi wokudonsela ngokweqile nokonakalisa kolwandle; kanye nokusimama kanye nezixazululo, eziveza indlela ekudleni okususelwa kwizitshalo, imikhuba yokuvuselela kabusha, noshintsho oluhle. Ngalezi le asens, siphonsela inselelo umbono wokuthi ukulimala kwemvelo kunezindleko ezidingekayo zentuthuko.
Indlela eya phambili ayigcini nje kuphela - isivele ivela. Ngokubona ukuxhumeka okujulile phakathi kwezinhlelo zethu zokudla, imvelo, kanye nemithwalo yemfanelo yokuziphatha, singaqala ukwakha ubuhlobo bethu nomuntu wemvelo. Lesi sigaba sikumema ukuthi uhlole zombili lezi zixazululo kanye nezixazululo, ukufakaza nokwenza okuthile. Ngokwenza kanjalo, siqinisekisa umbono wokusimama hhayi njengomhlatshelo, kepha njengokwelashwa; Hhayi njengomkhawulo, kepha njengenkululeko - yomhlaba, izilwane nangezizukulwane ezizayo.

Ukulima efektri, itshe legumbi lenyama yezimboni nemikhiqizo yobisi, kuya ngokuya ligxekwa ngenxa yethonya laso elibi ngazo zombili inhlalakahle yezilwane kanye nempilo yomphakathi. Ngale kwezingqinamba zokuziphatha okuhle ezungeze ukuphathwa kabi kwezilwane, le misebenzi iyizinhlanzi zezifo ze-Zoonotic, ukumelana namagciwane, kanye nokugula okubangelwa ukudla - okufaka izingozi ezinkulu empilweni yabantu. Izimo ezigcwele kakhulu, izindlela zokuhlanzeka ezingezinhle, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwe-antibiotic ngokweqile akulimazi izilwane kodwa futhi kwakha izindlela zamagciwane ayingozi njengeSalmonella no-E. Coli ukungcolisa ukudla kwethu. Lo mbhalo uhlola ukuxhumana phakathi kwesihluku sezilwane emapulazini asefekthri kanye nemiphumela yaso yezempilo yomphakathi ebanzi ngenkathi kugqamisa izixazululo ezingaba khona ukukhuthaza indlela ephephile, enozwela

Ezolimo Zezilwane, ezihlangene ezimpilweni zabantu, manje sekungumshayeli oholayo wokuwohloka kwemvelo nezinhlobo zezilwane. Njengokudla kwenyama yenyama, ubisi, kanye neminye imikhiqizo yezilwane kukhula, umthelela wemboni embonini yezinto eziphilayo ufinyelele amazinga abucayi. Ukusuka ekuqothulweni kwamahlathi kodlama amadlelo futhi okuphakelayo izitshalo ekungcoleni kusuka emikhubeni ebanzi yokulima, ezolimo zezilwane ziguqula kabusha imvelo kanye nokucindezela kwezinhlobo eziningi ekuqothulweni. Lo mbhalo uhlola imiphumela efinyelela kude yokukhiqizwa kwemfuyo ezindaweni zokuhlala, impilo yasolwandle, i-pollinators, kanye nemithombo yezemvelo ngenkathi kugqamisa izixazululo ezizinzile ezingasiza ukuncipha kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo

Uhambo lwezinkukhu ze-broiler kusuka ku-hatchery ipuleti kusihlwa lwembula izwe elifihlekile lokuhlupheka elivame ukunganakwa ngabathengi. Ngemuva kokusebenziseka kalula kwenkukhu engabizi kulele uhlelo ukukhula okusheshayo, izimo ezigcwele kakhulu, kanye nemikhuba evuselela amandla ebeka phambili inzuzo ngenhlala-kahle yezilwane. Le ndatshana ifaka izinselelo zokuziphatha, nemiphumela yezemvelo, nezinselelo ezinhle kakhulu ezifakwe ngaphakathi kwemboni yenkukhu e-broiler, ukunxusa abafundi ukuthi babhekane nezindleko zangempela zokukhiqizwa kwezinkukhu eziningi. Ngokuhlola lezi zinto ezingokoqobo kanye nokuxhasa ushintsho, singathatha izinyathelo ezinengqondo zokudala uhlelo lokudla onozwela nolushubile

Ukumelana ne-antibiotic nokungcola okuvela ekungcoleni kwezolimo zezilwane kuyizinselelo eziphuthumayo zomhlaba ngemiphumela emide efinyelela kude yezempilo yomphakathi, imvelo, nokuphepha kokudla. Ukusetshenziswa okujwayelekile kwemithi elwa namagciwane ekulimazelweni kwemfuyo ukukhulisa ukukhula nokuvimbela izifo kufake isandla ekuphakameni okwethusayo kwamagciwane alwa namagciwane, kunciphisa ukusebenza kwezindlela zokwelashwa ezibalulekile. Ngasikhathi sinye, imfucuza ephethwe kabi evela ku-Frecentrate Animal feed Operations (cafos) yethula ukungcola okuyingozi - kufaka phakathi izinsalela ezilwa namagciwane, ama-hormone kanye nezakhi zomzimba - ezinhlelweni zamanzi. Lokhu kungcoliswa kusongela impilo yasemanzini, iyekethisa ikhwalithi yamanzi, futhi isheshisa ukusakazeka kwamagciwane amelana nezemvelo. Ukubhekana nalezi zinkinga zifuna izindlela zokulima ezizinzile ezibeka phambili izindlela zokuziphatha ezibekelwe izindlela zokusebenzisa ama-antibiotic kanye namasu wokulawulwa kwenkuthalo okuqinile ukuvikela impilo yabantu futhi alondoloze ukulinganisela kwemvelo

Imisebenzi yemfuyo yezimboni, yenzelwe ukuhlangabezana nesidingo esikhulayo senyama nobisi, iya ngokuya ixhunyaniswa nezinselelo ezinkulu zezemvelo, kubandakanya nokuguguleka kwenhlabathi kanye nokugibela. Lezi zinqubo ziqeda ukungcola okuphezulu kanye nokungcola kungcola emizimbeni yamanzi, kubangele ukufundwa kwe-sedimentation, i-eutrophication, kanye nama-algal bloom alimazayo. Umonakalo owaphumela udlulela ngaphezu kwenhlabathi esongela inhlabathi, isimo semvelo esonakalisayo, kanye nokungcolisa izimpahla zamanzi. Lo mbhalo uhlola izimbangela ngemuva kwalezi zingqinamba ngenkathi uhlola imithelela yazo ekude nezisombululo ezisebenzisekayo okuhlose ukukhuthaza izindlela ezizinzileyo zezolimo ezivikela imvelo nezinhlelo zokudla ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane ezazizofika

Ukulima efektri kuqhamuke njengebutho elibusayo ekukhiqizweni kokudla kwanamuhla, kodwa ukutolika kwalo kwezemvelo akunakuphikwa. Enye yezinto ezikhathazayo ezicindezelayo kakhulu ukucekelwa phansi kwamahlathi amahlathi e-carbon-alequeristing, adlala indima ebalulekile ekulweni noshintsho lwesimo sezulu ngokuthola i-CO2 CO2. Lawa mahlathi ajwayele ukusulwa ukuze ahlaliswe imfuyo futhi akhule izilimo zokuphakelayo, ededela ikhabhoni egciniwe kanye nemvelo ebekelwe phansi. Lo mkhuba awugcini nje ngokusheshisa ukufudumala komhlaba kodwa futhi usongela ukuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo, anciphise impilo yenhlabathi, futhi athinte imithelela yemvelo ebizayo kulezi zindawo zokuziphilisa. Ukubhekana nokuxhumeka phakathi kokulima kwefektri nokugawulwa kwamahlathi kubalulekile ekukhuliseni imikhuba yezolimo eqhubekayo evikela ikusasa lethu leplanethi

Isifiso sokukhuphuka somhlaba wonke semikhiqizo yezilwane siye saqhutshwa ukwamukelwa okusabalele kwezolimo efektri, uhlelo luncike kakhulu ekukhiqizeni okuphakelayo kwezimboni. Ngaphansi kwe-veneer yayo yokusebenza kahle kulele ukukhishwa kwemali okuthe xaxa, ukulahlekelwa yi-biodiversity, kanye nokungcola kwamanzi, kanye nokungcola kwamanzi kungenye nje yemithelela ebhubhisayo eboshelwe ukulima izilimo ze-monoculture njenge-soy kanye nommbila wokudla kwezilwane. Le mikhuba iqeda izinsiza zemvelo, i-erode yezempilo yenhlabathi, iphazamise imvelo, kanye nemithwalo yendawo ngenkathi kuqinisa ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu. Lo mbhalo uhlola izindleko zemvelo zokukhiqizwa okuphakelayo kwezilwane zasemafulemini zasefekthri futhi zigqamisa ukucindezela kudingeka ukwamukela izixazululo ezizinzile ezivikela iplanethi yethu futhi kuthuthukise izindlela zozolimo zokulima

Izilwandle zethu, ezicebile empilweni nasezilwaneni eziphilayo, zibhekene nosongo okhulayo: ukwanda okusheshayo kwezindawo ezifile olwandle. Lezi zindawo, lapho amazinga we-oxygen plummet kanye nempilo yasolwandle engenakukhuleka khona, kuya ngokuya kuhambisana nomthelela wezemvelo wezolimo zezilwane. Kusuka kumanyolo runa kudala ama-algal blooms aqhakaza ukungcola kusuka ekungcoleni imfucumfucu kanye nokukhiqizwa okuphakelayo, izindlela zokulima izimboni zilimaza kakhulu i-Marine Ecosystems. Lo mbhalo uhlola ukuthi izindlela zezolimo ezingafinyeleleki zifaka kanjani izimo ezifile olwandle futhi ziveze izixazululo ezisebenzisekayo - njengokuthola ukudla okususelwa kwizitshalo futhi kukhuthaza ukulima okuzinzile - kungasiza ukuvikela izilwane zethu ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane ezizayo ezizayo

Ezolimo Ezolimo Zobuningi Kodwa-ke zivame ukunganakwa zibe nomthelela ekungcoleni komoya kanye nokukhishwa kwegesi abamba ukushisa, kudlula ngisho nomkhakha wezokuhamba emthonjeni wawo wezemvelo. Kusuka ekuphumeni kwe-methane exhumeke ekugayweni kwemfuyo ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kokulima amadlelo nokuphakelayo, lo mkhakha udlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekusheshiseni ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nokwehla kwemvelo. Njengoba imizamo yomhlaba wonke iyaqina ukulwa nalezi zinselelo, ukuqonda ukuzonda kwemvelo kwenyama nemikhuba yobisi kuba nzima ngokwengeziwe. Lo mbhalo uhlola imiphumela efinyelela kude yezolimo zezilwane, aqokomisa izixazululo ezizinzile njengezindlela zokudla okuvuselelayo nokudla okususelwa ekudleni, futhi agcizelela indlela izinketho zabathengi ezaziyo eceleni kwezinqubomgomo zikahulumeni eziqinile angashayela ushintsho olunamandla ngokwengeziwe

Ukulima ifektri, itshe lezolimo lezenzondo zezimboni, lishayela izinselelo ezinkulu zemvelo ezisongela izinto eziphilayo kanye nezilwane zasendle emhlabeni wonke. Ngenkathi ikhuthaza isidingo esikhulayo semikhiqizo yezilwane, imikhuba yaso - esukela ekuqothulweni kwamahlathi kwezilimo okuphakelayo ekubhujisweni kwendawo yokuhlala kanye nokungcoliswa kwamanzi - kufakwa engcupheni izinto eziningi. Ukusetshenziswa okusabalele kwama-pesticides kulimaza ama-pollinators agxeka ukukhiqizwa kabusha, ngenkathi antibise antibiotic akhuthaza amagciwane amelana nalo aphazamisa ukulinganisela kwemvelo. Kuhlanganiswe nokukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa kanye nokufana kwezakhi zofuzo ezifuyweni zezilwane, umthelela wokulima efektri ufinyelela kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kokudla. Ukubhekana nalezi zingqinamba ngokusebenzisa ezinye izindlela ezizinzile kubalulekile ekuvikeleni izinto ezinobudlova bethu abacebile kanye nezemvelo