Umthelela wokudla

Izinketho zokudla esizenzayo nsuku zonke zinemiphumela ejulile emhlabeni. Ukudla okunenqwaba yemikhiqizo yezilwane—njengenyama, ubisi namaqanda—kuphakathi kwezinto ezihamba phambili ezibangela ukucekelwa phansi kwemvelo, okunomthelela ekukhishweni kwamagesi abamba ukushisa, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukuntuleka kwamanzi nokungcola. Ukulima kwemfuyo yasezimbonini kudinga inani elikhulu lomhlaba, amanzi, namandla, okuyenza ibe enye yezinhlelo ezidinga kakhulu izinsiza eMhlabeni. Ngokuphambene, ukudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni ngokuvamile kufuna izinsiza zemvelo ezimbalwa futhi kukhiqize indawo ephansi kakhulu yemvelo.
Umthelela wemvelo wokudla udlula ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Ukulima kakhulu kwezilwane kusheshisa ukulahleka kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ngokuguqula amahlathi, izindawo ezingamaxhaphozi nezikhotha zibe yizitshalo zokuphakelayo zokulima okukodwa, kuyilapho kungcolisa inhlabathi nemigudu yamanzi ngomanyolo, izibulala-zinambuzane, nemfucuza yezilwane. Le mikhuba ebhubhisayo ayiphazamisi nje kuphela izimiso zemvelo ezithambile kodwa futhi isongela ukulondeka kokudla ngokunciphisa ukuqina kwemithombo yemvelo edingekayo ezizukulwaneni ezizayo.
Ngokuhlola ukuhlobana phakathi kwalokho esikudlayo kanye nenani lakho lemvelo, lesi sigaba sigqamisa isidingo esiphuthumayo sokucabanga kabusha ngezinhlelo zokudla zomhlaba wonke. Igcizelela ukuthi ukushintshela emaphethini okudla okuzinzile—ukuthanda ukudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni, kwesifunda, kanye nokudla okugaywe kancane—kungawunciphisa kanjani umonakalo wemvelo kuyilapho kuthuthukisa impilo yabantu. Ekugcineni, ukushintsha ukudla akukona nje ukukhetha komuntu siqu kodwa futhi kuyisenzo esinamandla somthwalo wemfanelo wendawo.

Ukwemukela Ukudla okususelwa kwizitshalo kuyisinyathelo esinamandla sokunciphisa ukunciphisa i-carbon footprint yakho nokuvikela imvelo. Ngokubeka phambili izithelo, imifino, le-legumes, kanye nokusanhlamvu ngemikhiqizo yezilwane, unganciphisa ukuphuma kwegesi abamba ukushisa, gcina izinsiza zamanzi kanye nomhlaba, nokulwa namahlathi. Le ndlela eqhubekayo ayigciniseke kuphela ekucindezeleni izinselelo zezemvelo kodwa futhi ithuthukisa impilo engcono ngokudla okunothile okunothile. Thola ukuthi ukushintshela ekudleni okususelwa ekufundeni kwezitshalo kungafaka kanjani isandla esikusasa eliluhlaza ngenkathi kuthuthukisa inhlala-kahle yomuntu siqu

Inyama eshibhile nemikhiqizo yobisi ingahle ibonakale njengesivumelwano, kepha izindleko zazo zangempela zidlula kude kakhulu kwithegi yentengo. Ngemuva kokuthola imali ekhangelayo kukhona i-cascade yemithelela efihliwe empilweni, imvelo kanye nenhlalonhle yezilwane. Ukusuka ekuqothulweni kwamahlathi kanye nokukhuphuka kwamagesi akhuthazayo kuya ekumelaneni nama-antibiotic kanye nemikhuba yokulima engenangqondo, lezi zimboni zivame ukubekela phambili inzuzo ngokusimama. Le ndatshana ivimba imiphumela engabonakali yenyama eshibhile kanye nobisi, inikeza ukuqonda ukuthi izinketho ezinolwazi zingavula kanjani indlela yeplanethi enempilo, ukuphathwa kahle kwezilwane, futhi kwathuthukiswa kahle konke

Inyama kade yaba yinto ende yokudla emhlabeni wonke, kepha umthelela wayo wezemvelo ukukhulisa ukukhathazeka okukhulu. Ukusuka ekuqothulweni kwamahlathi kanye nokushoda kwamanzi ekuphumeni kwamagesi abamba ukushisa kanye nokulahleka kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, imboni yenyama icindezela izinsiza zeplanethi ngezinga elethusayo. Njengoba ukufunwa kuqhubeka ukukhula, le mikhuba ishayela ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nomonakalo wemvelo ngezinga lomhlaba wonke. Lo mbhalo uhlola ukulandelelwa kwemvelo kokukhiqizwa kwemvelo okuqokomisa ukukhiqizwa kwemvelo njengokubhujiswa kwendawo, ukungcoliswa kwezinyawo, kanye nokubheka ezinye izindlela ezimeme ezihambisana nazo zombili izinhloso zezempilo kanye nokulondolozwa kwemvelo

Ngemuva kwesithombe esakhiwe ngokucophelela samapulazi anempilo nezilwane okuqukethwe kulele iqiniso elinokhahlo: ukulima efektri, injini yemboni yezolimo yezilwane, yakhiwa ku-systelelyty yonya. Ngaphansi kwezentengiso kwayo okubunjiwe kulele emhlabeni lapho izilwane ziboshelwe kakhulu, izimo ezingezinhle, zihluthwe yimvelo yazo yemvelo futhi ziphathwe njengezimpahla. Le misebenzi ibeka phambili inzuzo ngenhlala-kahle, eholela ekuhluphekeni okukhulu kwezilwane ngenkathi ihlanganisa ukulimaza imvelo nokufaka izingozi ezinkulu empilweni yabantu. Le ndatshana ifaka amaqiniso afihliwe ezolimo zezilwane futhi avelele ukuthi kungani acabange kabusha izinhlelo zethu zokudla zibalulekile ekwakheni ikusasa elinokuziphatha okuhle nokuzinzile

Imboni yobisi ipenda isithombe senjabulo yabelusi, kepha iqiniso lezinkomo zobisi ezingenakubalwa kungenye yokuhlupheka okungapheli nokuxhashazwa. Sihlubulwe imvelo yabo yemvelo, lezi zilwane zibhekana nokukhulelwa okuphoqelekile, ukuhlukaniswa namathole abo, kanye nezimo zokuphila ezimbi zenzelwe ukukhulisa ukukhiqizwa kobisi ngezindleko zenhlalakahle. Le commodication ayigcini ngokulimaza ngokomzimba nangokomzwelo ngezinkomo kodwa futhi iphakamisa ukukhathazeka okukhulu kwempilo kwabantu abadla imikhiqizo yobisi - ukuyixhuma nesifo sezinhliziyo - ukuyixhumanisa nesifo senhliziyo, ukungabekezeleli kwe-lactose, nezinye izifo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukutolika kwemvelo akunakuphikwa, ngokugawulwa kwamahlathi kanye nokukhishwa kwegesi abamba ukushisa kukhulisa ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu. Lo mbhalo udalula amaqiniso anzima ngemuva kokulima kobisi ngenkathi uqokomisa ezinye izindlela ezisekelwe ekusekelweni kwezitshalo ezisekela inhlala-kahle yezilwane, impilo yabantu kanye nokusimama kwemvelo

Ukulima efektri, itshe legumbi lenyama yezimboni nemikhiqizo yobisi, kuya ngokuya ligxekwa ngenxa yethonya laso elibi ngazo zombili inhlalakahle yezilwane kanye nempilo yomphakathi. Ngale kwezingqinamba zokuziphatha okuhle ezungeze ukuphathwa kabi kwezilwane, le misebenzi iyizinhlanzi zezifo ze-Zoonotic, ukumelana namagciwane, kanye nokugula okubangelwa ukudla - okufaka izingozi ezinkulu empilweni yabantu. Izimo ezigcwele kakhulu, izindlela zokuhlanzeka ezingezinhle, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwe-antibiotic ngokweqile akulimazi izilwane kodwa futhi kwakha izindlela zamagciwane ayingozi njengeSalmonella no-E. Coli ukungcolisa ukudla kwethu. Lo mbhalo uhlola ukuxhumana phakathi kwesihluku sezilwane emapulazini asefekthri kanye nemiphumela yaso yezempilo yomphakathi ebanzi ngenkathi kugqamisa izixazululo ezingaba khona ukukhuthaza indlela ephephile, enozwela

Ezolimo Zezilwane, ezihlangene ezimpilweni zabantu, manje sekungumshayeli oholayo wokuwohloka kwemvelo nezinhlobo zezilwane. Njengokudla kwenyama yenyama, ubisi, kanye neminye imikhiqizo yezilwane kukhula, umthelela wemboni embonini yezinto eziphilayo ufinyelele amazinga abucayi. Ukusuka ekuqothulweni kwamahlathi kodlama amadlelo futhi okuphakelayo izitshalo ekungcoleni kusuka emikhubeni ebanzi yokulima, ezolimo zezilwane ziguqula kabusha imvelo kanye nokucindezela kwezinhlobo eziningi ekuqothulweni. Lo mbhalo uhlola imiphumela efinyelela kude yokukhiqizwa kwemfuyo ezindaweni zokuhlala, impilo yasolwandle, i-pollinators, kanye nemithombo yezemvelo ngenkathi kugqamisa izixazululo ezizinzile ezingasiza ukuncipha kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo

Uhambo lwezinkukhu ze-broiler kusuka ku-hatchery ipuleti kusihlwa lwembula izwe elifihlekile lokuhlupheka elivame ukunganakwa ngabathengi. Ngemuva kokusebenziseka kalula kwenkukhu engabizi kulele uhlelo ukukhula okusheshayo, izimo ezigcwele kakhulu, kanye nemikhuba evuselela amandla ebeka phambili inzuzo ngenhlala-kahle yezilwane. Le ndatshana ifaka izinselelo zokuziphatha, nemiphumela yezemvelo, nezinselelo ezinhle kakhulu ezifakwe ngaphakathi kwemboni yenkukhu e-broiler, ukunxusa abafundi ukuthi babhekane nezindleko zangempela zokukhiqizwa kwezinkukhu eziningi. Ngokuhlola lezi zinto ezingokoqobo kanye nokuxhasa ushintsho, singathatha izinyathelo ezinengqondo zokudala uhlelo lokudla onozwela nolushubile

Ukumelana ne-antibiotic nokungcola okuvela ekungcoleni kwezolimo zezilwane kuyizinselelo eziphuthumayo zomhlaba ngemiphumela emide efinyelela kude yezempilo yomphakathi, imvelo, nokuphepha kokudla. Ukusetshenziswa okujwayelekile kwemithi elwa namagciwane ekulimazelweni kwemfuyo ukukhulisa ukukhula nokuvimbela izifo kufake isandla ekuphakameni okwethusayo kwamagciwane alwa namagciwane, kunciphisa ukusebenza kwezindlela zokwelashwa ezibalulekile. Ngasikhathi sinye, imfucuza ephethwe kabi evela ku-Frecentrate Animal feed Operations (cafos) yethula ukungcola okuyingozi - kufaka phakathi izinsalela ezilwa namagciwane, ama-hormone kanye nezakhi zomzimba - ezinhlelweni zamanzi. Lokhu kungcoliswa kusongela impilo yasemanzini, iyekethisa ikhwalithi yamanzi, futhi isheshisa ukusakazeka kwamagciwane amelana nezemvelo. Ukubhekana nalezi zinkinga zifuna izindlela zokulima ezizinzile ezibeka phambili izindlela zokuziphatha ezibekelwe izindlela zokusebenzisa ama-antibiotic kanye namasu wokulawulwa kwenkuthalo okuqinile ukuvikela impilo yabantu futhi alondoloze ukulinganisela kwemvelo

Imisebenzi yemfuyo yezimboni, yenzelwe ukuhlangabezana nesidingo esikhulayo senyama nobisi, iya ngokuya ixhunyaniswa nezinselelo ezinkulu zezemvelo, kubandakanya nokuguguleka kwenhlabathi kanye nokugibela. Lezi zinqubo ziqeda ukungcola okuphezulu kanye nokungcola kungcola emizimbeni yamanzi, kubangele ukufundwa kwe-sedimentation, i-eutrophication, kanye nama-algal bloom alimazayo. Umonakalo owaphumela udlulela ngaphezu kwenhlabathi esongela inhlabathi, isimo semvelo esonakalisayo, kanye nokungcolisa izimpahla zamanzi. Lo mbhalo uhlola izimbangela ngemuva kwalezi zingqinamba ngenkathi uhlola imithelela yazo ekude nezisombululo ezisebenzisekayo okuhlose ukukhuthaza izindlela ezizinzileyo zezolimo ezivikela imvelo nezinhlelo zokudla ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane ezazizofika